mes III. as the god Tat-un, or ‘ Young Tat.’ It is at the temple of Samneh that the first
indication occurs of that line of princes who ruled over .¿Ethiopia, by an officer who had
served under Amosis and Thothmes I., in which last reign he had been appointed Prince
of .¿Ethiopia. The reign of Thothmes III. shows that Kush figured on the regular rent-roll
of Egypt. The remains of the mutilated account of the fortieth regnal year of the king is
mentioned as * 240 ounces’ or ‘ measures of cut precious stones and 100 ingots of gold.’
Subsequently ‘ two canes’ of some valuable kind of wood, and at least ‘ 300 ingbts of gold,’
are mentioned as coming from the same people. It appears from the tomb of Rech-sha-ra,
who was usher of the Egyptian court at the time, and who had duly introduced the tribute-
bearers, that the. quota paid from this country was bags of gold and gems, monkeys, pan-
ther-skins, logs of ebony, tusks of ivory, ostrich-eggs, ostrich-feathers, camelopards, dogs,
oxen, slaves. The permanent occupation of the country is at the same time attested by
the constructions which the monarch made, at Samneh, and the Wady Haifa. At Ibrim,
Nehi, prince and governor of the South, a monarch, seal-bearer, and counsellor or eunuch,
leads the usual tribute mentioned as ‘ of gold, ivory, and ebony’ to the king. Set, or Ty-
phon, called ‘Nub’ or ‘ Nub-Nub,’> Nubia, instructs him in the art of drawing one of those
long bows which these people, according to the legend, contemptuously presented to the
envoys of Cambyses. The successor of this monarch seems to have held the same extended
territory, since, in the fourth year of his reign, these limits are mentioned, and some blocks
with the remains of a dedication -to the local deities. One of the rock temples at Ibrim
was excavated in the reign of Amenophis II. by the Prince Naser-set, who was ‘ monarch’
(repa ha), ‘ chief counsellor’ (sabu shad), and ‘ governor of the lands of the south.’ The
wall-paintings represent the usual procession of tribute-bearers to the king, with gold,
silver, and animals, some of whom, as the jackals, were enumerated. The same monarch
continued the temple at Amada, and a colossal figure of him, dedicated^ to Chnumis and
Athor, and sculptured in the form of Phtha or Vulcan, has been found at Begghe, and in
the fourth year of his reign the limits of the empire are still placed as Mesopotamia on the
north, and the Kalu or Gallse on the south.
“ In the reign of his successor Thothmes IV. a servant of the king, apparently his charioteer,
states he had attended the king from Naharaina on the north, to Kalu, or the Gallse,
in the south.
“ The constructions of this monarch at Amada and at Samneh, show that tribute came
at the same time from the chiefs of the Naharaina on the north, and also from .¿Ethiopia.
This is shown by the tombs of the military chiefs lying near the hill which is situate between
Medinat Haboo and the house of Jani, one of whom had exercised the office of royal
scribe or secretary of state, from the reign of Thothmes III. to that of Amenophis III.
The reign of his successor, the last mentioned monarch, is the most remarkable in the
monumental history of Egypt for the Ethiopian conquests. The marriage scarabsei of the
king place the limits of the empire as the Naharaina (Mesopotamia) on the north, and the
Karu or Kalu (the Gallse) on the south. Although these limits are found, yet it is evident
from the number of prisoners recorded that the Egyptian rule was by no means a settled
one. They are Kish, Pet or Phut, Pamaui, Patamakai Uaruki, Taru-at, Baru, . . . kaba,
Aruka, Makaiusah, Matakarbu, Sahabu, Sahbaru, Ru-nemka, Abhetu, Turusu, Shaarushak,
Akenes, Serunik Karuses, Shaui, Buka, Shau, Taru Taru, Turusu, Turubenka, Akenes,
Ark, Ur, Mar.
Amongst these names will be seen in the list of the Pedestal of Paris that of the Akaiat
or Aka-ta, a name much resembling that of the Ath-agau, which is still preserved in the
Agow or Agows, a tribe near the sources of the Blue Nile. Amenophis appears by no
means to have neglected the conquests of his predecessors, and his advance to Soleb, in the
province of El Sokhot, and Elmahas, proves that the influence of Egypt was still more
extended than in the previous reigns.
“ •In the reign of Amenophis, ¿Ethiopia appears to have been governed by a viceroy, who
was an Egyptian officer of state, generally a royal scribe or military chief, sent down for
the purpose of administering the country; the one in this reign bore the name of Merimes,
and appears to have ended his days at Thebes, as his sepulchre remains in the western
hills. He was called the sa suten en Kush, or prince of Kush, which comprised the tract
of country lying soiith of Elephantina. In all the Ethnic lists this Kash or .Ethiopia is
placed next to the head of the list, ‘ all lands of the south,’ and its identity with the Biblical
Kush is universally admitted. It is generally mentioned with the haughtiest contempt,
as the vile Kush (Kash kh’aas,) or .Ethiopia, and the princes were of red or Egyptian
blood. They dutifully rendered their proscynemata to the tings of Egypt.” 3»
[Substantial reasons may be found in our Part II. for questioning
a somewhat unlimited extension of the Biblical KTJSA, which certain
opponents might draw from Mr. Birch’s language. The hierogly-
phieal name for Negroes is Nahsu, or Nahsi; and, on the other hand,
the Egyptian (not the Hebrew') word KiSA, KeSA, KaSAI,327 was applied
to the ancient Bar&bra of Nubia, between the first and second
cataracts, specifically; and sometimes to all Nubian families, gene-
rically. The vowels a, e, i, o, in antique Egyptian no less than in
old Semitic writings, when not actually inserted, are entirely vague:
nor is the hieroglyphical word ever spelt JcUsh, like the Hebrew designation
“ Cush;” which is maltranslated by “ Ethiopia,” because it denotes
Southern Arabia. — G-. R. Gr.]
The authors regret that their space compels them to abstain from
reproducing the archaeological references with which Mr. Birch supports
his erudite conclusions.
Ethnological science, then, possesses not only the authoritative testimonies
of Lepsius and Birch, in proof of the existence of Negro
races during the twenty-fourth century b . c. ; but, the same fact being
conceded by all living Egyptologists, we may hence infer that these
Nigritian types were contemporary with the earliest Egyptians. Such
inductive view is much strengthened by a comparison of languages;
concerning the antiquity of which we shall speak in another chapter.
To one living in, or conversant with, the Slave-States of North
America, it need not be told, that the Negroes, in ten generations,
have not made the slightest physical approach either towards our
aboriginal population, or to any other race. As a mnemonic, we.
here subjoin, sketched by a friend, the likenesses of two Negroes (Eigs.