Within the past five years, various sectaries (momentarily suspending polemics amongst
one another) had entered into a sort of tacit combination to assail those who,, like Morton
Nott, Van Amringe, Agassiz, and others, were devoting themselves to anthropological
researches. Each of the above-named gentlemen has successfully repelled the intrusions
of dogmatism into his especial scientific domain.
In these literary “ mêlées,” it has so happened that my surname has been frequently
made the target for indiscreet allusions on the part of certain teolog astri ; without any provocation
having been given on my side, through a single personality, in the course of ten
years’ lectureship upon Oriental archaeology in the United States. To treat such in any
other manner than with silent indifference would have been unbecoming, as well as, at the
moment of each offence, unavailing. I preferred abiding my own convenience ; and, in
the foregoing Part III., have indicated an easy method of carrying “ the war into Africa.”
I believe that, thereby, good service is done in the general cause of the advancement of
knowledge, and in the special one of my favorite study, Archoeology. Geologists, Naturalists,
and Ethnologists (absorbed in the promotion of positive science through the discovery
of new facts), have rarely devoted time adequate to the mastery of Hebraical literature;
and, in consequence, they are continually laying themselves open to chagrin and defeat in
the arena of theological wrangling?. My former pursuits (in Muslim lands) were remote
from Natural Science, and as they disqualify me from sharing the labors of its votaries, I
have thought that a contribution like the present, to the biblical armory of scientific men,
might be of utility; even if it should merely spare them the trouble of ransacking for
authorities generally beyond thè circumference of their higher sphere of research : at the
same time that a work-such as “ Types of Mankind” would be deficient unless the Hebrew
department of its themes were to some extent complete. To future publication [supra,
pp. 626, 627], I reserve further analyses which, without these preliminary Essays, would be
unintelligible to ordinary scriptural readers. Confident of her own strength, Archaeology
(let one of this science’s thousand followers hint to her opponents) neither courts nor deprecates
biblical or any other agitation, and will prosecute her investigations peaceably while
she can, otherwise when she must.-
Repeating the direct and manly language of Luke Burke — to whose conception of a real
“ Ethnological Journal” scientific minds will some day accord the homage that is its due:—
“ For all our arguments, there is the ready answer that our statements directly contradict
the.express words of Scripture, and must therefore be false, however plausible they
may appear. We may reply that the word of God cannot be in opposition to genuine history,
any more than it can oppose any other ^truth, and that therefore the passages in
question cannot be a portion of this word, or if so, that they cannot have hitherto been
properly understood. But experience has abundantly proved that such answers as these
give satisfaction to very few, until facts have become so numerous and unequivocal that
further opposition is madness. In the meantime, a war of opinion rages, embittered by
all the virulence of sectarian partisanship, and the credulous and simple-minded are taught
to look upon the advocates of the new doctrines as the enemies of morality, religion, and
the best interests of man. For ourselves, we have no ambition to appear in any such
light, nor shall we quietly submit to be placed in such a position.” (571)
And for myself — whilst thoroughly endorsing the sentiments of a valued friend and
colleague — I cannot better express the feelings with which I close my individual portion
of an undertaking that has occupied the thoughts and hands of some men not unknown
in the world of science, than by applying to our antagonists the last words ever written by
me at the dictation of him to whom, with being itself, I owe all that mind and heart still
hold to be priceless after more than forty years’ experience of a wanderer’s life : —
“ La medicina diventa amara. Spero che sarà salutifera. Intanto, si prenderà.” (572)
G. R. G.
(H ow a r d ’s — M o b il e B a y , 2 0 th J u l y , 1853.)
(571) r Critical Analysis of the Hebrew Chronology ”— Ethn. Jour.; London; No. I., June, 1848; pp. 9,10.
(572) J o h n G l id d o n , United States’ Consul for Egypt (1832-’44): Letter to H. Ex. B o g h o s Y o u s s o u f Bey —Mo*
h a m m e d Au’s Prime Minister — “ Cairo, li 5 Febbrajo, 1841.”
APPENDIX I.
R E F E R E N C E S A N D N O T E S .
21To. {of Notes, <£c.)
1 Ethnological Journal, London, 1848; June
1, No. I.
2 Op. cit., pp. 1, 2. An excellent precis of
the meaning and scientific attributes of
“ Ethnology” has long been published
by the venerable Jomard, in Mengin,
Histoire d’Egypte, 1839, iii. p. 403.
3 Nat. Hist, of Man, London, 1848. p. 6.
4 Varieties of Man, London, 1851.
5 Nortli British Review, Aug., 1849.
6 Op. cit., p. 6.
7. Knox, Races of Man, Philadelphia ed.,
1850.
8 Burke, op. cit., p. 30.
9 Researches, v. p. 564.
10 Jacquinot,I Considerations générales sur
l’Anthropologie (Voyage au Pole Sud),
Zoologie, 1846, ii. p. 36.
11 Nott, Two Lectures on the Biblical and
Physical Hist, of Man; New York,
1849, p. 64.
12 The Friend of Moses, New York, 1852;
Preface viii, and Text, pp. 442, 446,
449-51, 492-7.
13 Briefe aus Ægypten und Æthiopien, Berlin,
1852, p. 35/
14 Genesis, vii., 19-23. We quote the Hebrew
Text; referringthe reader to Cahen,
La Bible, Traduction Nouvelle, Paris,
1831 ; Tom. i. p. 21.
15 Cf. Jacquinot, op. cit., chàp. i. From
this remarkably scientific work we have
borrowed freely in this chapter, and
elsewhere.
16'We ought to mention that Dr. Pickering
favored us with the sight of his pages
while they were yet in “ proofs.”
17 Op. cit., pp. 161, 163.
18- Op. cit., p. 41.
19 Races of Men, pp. 75-99.
20 Des Races Humaines, p. 169.
21 Christian Examiner, Boston, July, 1850.
22 Nott, Two Lectures, 1849.
23 Researches, ii. p. 105.
24 Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences ;-Philadelphia,
10 Sept., 1850, p. 82 — Additional
Observations on Hybridity in Animals,
“ Reply to the Rev. John Bachman,
D.D.,” Charleston Medical Journal,
1850, p. 8.
25 Bodichon, Études sur l’Algérie, Alger,
1847, p. 135.
26 Jacquinot, op. cit., p. 173.
27 Wood-cut, fig. 1.. L’Égypte Ancienne,
1840, Pl. I., and Champollion-le-Jeune’s
description in pp. 29-31.
28 Rosellini, Mon. dell’Egitto, M. R. cl.vii.,
clvi., lx., &c. Mon. Stor., iv. pp. 238-
No. {of Notes, <&.)
44 ; iii. pp. 1,433, seq. Lepsius, Denkmäler,
Abth. iii,' Bl. 136.
29 See the discussion in Bishop Warburton’s
Divine Legation of Moses ; and in
Munk, Palestine, pp. 146-150.
30 Hennell, Origin of Christianity, 1845,
pp. 8 -2 1 .
31 Amédée Thierry, Histoire des Gaulois,
Paris, 1844.
32 Strabo, lib. iv. p. 176—Fr. ed.
33 Thierry, p. xxxv., Introd. W. de Humboldt
held the same opinion.
34 Hist, de la Filiation et des Migrations des
Peuples, Paris, 1837 ; i. pp. 294-336.
35 British Association for the advancement
of Science, 1850 ; reported in London
Literary Gazette.
36 Antiquités Celtiques Antédiluviennes.
37 Retzius, cited in Morton’s MSS.
38 Schmerling, Recherches sur les Ossemens
Fossiles, Liège, 1833, i. pp. 59-66: referred
to in our Chapter XI.
39 Vide infra, Part II., pp. 469, 470.
40 Edwards, Des Caractères Physiologiques
des Races Humaines, &c., Paris, 1839.
41 Op. cit., p. 22.
42 Paulmier, Aperçus généalogiques sur
les descendants de Guillaume, Rev.
ArcKéol., 1845, p. 794, seq.
43 Virey, Hist. Nat. du Genre Humain,
Disc. Prélim., i. pp. 14, 15.
44 On the question of hair, consult the microscopic
experiments of Mr. Peter A.
Browne, in Proceed. Academy Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia, Jan. and Feb.,
1-851 ; also Ibid., in Morton’s Notes on
Hybridity, second Letter to Editors
“ Charleston Med. Jour.,” 1851, p. 6.
45 Wood-cut, fig. 2. Italie, Didot’s Univers
Pittoresque.
46. August, 1849 ; American ed.
47 Edwards, op. cit.
48 Wood-cut, fig. 3. Pouqueville, Grèce,
PI. 9.
49 Wood-cut, fig. 4. Op. cif;, PI. 84.
50 Wood-cut, fig. 5. Bunsen,/ Ægyptens
Stelle, ii., frontispiece.
51 Wood-cut, fig. 6. Pouqueville, op. cit.,
PI. 85.
52 Wood-cut, fig. 7. Rosellini, M.R., PI. xx.,
fig. 66.
53 Wood-cut, fig. 8. Ibid.,_P1. xxii, fig. 82.
N.B. The profiles are. reduced with
exactitude; but we have altered the
eyes from the Egyptian canon of art to
ours.
54 Edwards, op. cit. Mr. Gliddon’s r two
years’ residence in various parts of