/ iS
Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 317 (1861) ; Scl. Cat. .Vilicr. B. p. JO (LS62) ; Coues, Key N.
Amer. B. p. 11-1 (1872) ; id. B. X..AVcst, p. 88 (1871) ; Baird, Brewer, & liidgw.
Hist. N. Amer. B. i. p. 331, pl. 10. flg. 13 (1871) ; Henshaw, Kep. E.vpl. lOOtli
Merid., Zool. p. 21.5 (1875) ; llidgw. Rep. Survey lOtli Par. iv. p. 110 (1877) ;
Coues, B. Color. Tall. p. 120 (1878) ; Sennctt, Bull. U. S. Geol, Surv. iv. p. 15
(1878) ; Coues, t. o. p. 371 (1878) ; Brewst. Bull. Xutt. Orn. Club, ii. p. 63
(1878); Coues, t.c. p. 105; Merrill, Proo. H. S. Xut. Mus. i. p. 125 (1878);
Scott, Bull Nutt. Orn. Club, iv. pp. 93, 113 (1878) ; Belding, t. o. p. 108 (1S79)
Ridgw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. p. 175 (1880) ; Roberts & Benner, Bnll. Nutt.
Orn. Club, V. p. 11 (1880) ; Knowlton, op. cit. vi. p. 55 (1881) ; Merriam, t. c.
p. 229 (1881) ; Iloffm. Bull, U. S. Geol. Surv, vi. p. 220 (1881) ; Coues, Checklist
N. Amer. B. p. 13 (1882) ; Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. p. 517 (1882) ;
Nebrling, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii. p. 11 (1882) ; Browu, t. o. p. 27 ; Batoli, t. c.
p. 110 ; Brewst. t. c. p. 110 ; Merriam, t. c. p. 235 ; Allen & Brewst. op. cit. viii.
)>. 100 (1883) ; Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 271 (1881); Coues, Key N. Amer.
B. 2nd ed. p. 323 (1881); Drew, Auk, ii. p. 15 (1885) ; Agersb. t. o. p. 279 ; Turner,
Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. 239 (1885) ; A. 0 . U. Cbeek-1, p. 292 (1886) ; Antllony,
Auk, iii. p. 169 (1886) ; Everm. t. o. p. 183 ; Fox, t. c. p. 317 ; Thompson (Seton),’
t. c. p. 321; Ferrari-Perez, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix. p. 139 (1886) ; Ridgw. t. e.
p. 139, note; Dwight, Auk, iv, p. 15(1887); Beckh. t. c. p. 123; Lloyd, t. c/p. 291;
Beckh. t.c. p. 301; Nelson, Nat. Hist. Alaska, p. 197 (1887); Ridgw. Man. N. Amor!
B. p. 160 (1887) ; Towns. Proc, U. S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 221 (1887) ; Ridgw. t. c.
pp. 510, 579 ; Beckh. t. c. p. 082 ; Richm. Auk, v. p. 23 (18S8) ; Scott, t. c. p. 31 ;
Faxon & Allen, t. o. p. 150 ; Merrill, t. c. p. 300 ; Brewst. t. o. p. 389 ; IVarren, B.
Pennsylv. p. 205 (1888) ; Everm. Auk, vi. p. 25 (1889) ; Faxon, t. o. pp. 15,1(12 ;
F. U. Allen, t. c. p. 77 ; Mearns, Auk, vii. p. 18 (1890).
ILevse lunifrons, Cones, Ibis, 1865, p. 159.
Fetrochelidon pyrrhonota, So\. SoSalg.'Somexiai. Av. Neotr. p. 11 (1873); Durnf.
Ibis, 1877, p. 109, 1878, p. 58 ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 595 ; Salvin & Godman,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, i. p. 226 (1883) ; Sharpe, Cat. Birds in Brit, Mus. x!
pp. 193, 035 (1885); Gibson, Ibis, 1886, p. 277 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 256 ;
Sclater & Hudson, Argent. Orn. i. p. 30 (1888).
Hirundo fuloa, var. timifrom. Cooper, Proo. U. S. Nat. Mus. ii. p. 210 (ISSO).
P . u ro p y g io ru fo ; g u lit ru fa ; f a s c il f ro n ta li p a llid e a re n a r ia ; to rq u e colla ri o in c ra s c e n ti-bm n u c à posticè
in le r ru p t à ; m en to a d b a s in n ig ro : m nculà ju g u la r i s a tu r a te e lia lybeo-nigro : b y p o c liondriis c ine -
ra s c e u ti-b ru n n e is .
Hab. in Amcricil s ep ten trio n a li, in A m e ric à c e n tra li o c c identa li e t in Am c ric à m e ridiona li u sq u e ad
te r r am A rg e n tin am .
A d u lt male. G e n e ra l c o lo u r above glossy d a rk s te e l-b lu e , s tre ak ed o u th e b a ck w ith m o re o r less conc
e a led a sh y -w h itish edge s to tb e fe a th e rs ; lowe r ba ck and rum p c iu u a in o n -ru fo u s , tb e up p e r
ta il-c o v e rts b row n with a shy m a rg in s ; win g -co v e rts b la ck , s lig h tly glossed w ith s te e l-b lu e , tlie
iiiiie r g r e a te r co v e rts s lig h tly edged w itli a shy w hitish ; b a s ta rd -w iu g , p rim a ry -co v c rts , a u d q uills
bla ck ish , th e in n e r secondaries w ith na rrow a sh y m a rg in s a t th e tip s o f th e fe a th e r s ; ta il-fe a th e rs
bla ck ish with a gi’e enisli g lo s s ; crown o f he ad glossy s te e l-b lu e , sep a ra ted from th e b a ck by au
iu d is tin c t colla r o f a shy b row n ; fo reh e ad p a le san d y b u f f ; lo re s a u d a n a rrow f ro n ta l b a n d b la ck ;
e a r-co v e rts, che eks, a n d sides o f fa c e deep cb e s tu u t-ru fo u s , sp re a d in g on to th e sides o f th e hind
n e c k ; ch in also deep c h e s tn u t-ru fo u s , glossed with a few ste e l-b lu e fe a th e rs , th e lowe r tliro a t
en tire ly glossy s te e l-b lu e , fo rm in g a p a tc h ; fore n e ck a n d ch e st lig h t a shy b rowu washed witli
r u f o u s ; th e sides o f th e b o d y a u d flanks s im ila rly coloured, with n a rrow d u sk y sh a ft-lin e s o n th e
fla n k s ; c en tre o f th e b r e a s t a n d ab d om en w h itish w ith a s lig h t t in t o f hrown ; v e n t pa le riiFous ;
u n d e r ta il-co v e rts a shy b rown, d a rk e r tow a iils th e ends, th e fe a tlie re d is tin c tly m a rg in e d with
w h i t e ; u n d e r w ing-eove rts a n d ax illa rie s ashy brown, d is tin c tly tin g e d w ith ru fo u s , espc e ia lly
n e a r th e edge o f th e w in g ; quills d a rk a sh y browu below. T o ta l le u g th 5*3 iuche s, ciilmcii 0 '3 ,
win g 4-35, ta il 2-05, ta r su s O-fS.
AduU fem a le . S im ila r to th e male in colour. T o ta l le u g th 5-5 inche s, c u lm eu 0-3, wing -I'-i, ta il
ta rsu s O'o.
Tlie len g th o f w ing in th e males va rie s from -i-2 to 4--i in ch e s , a n d th e b u lk o f th e female b ird s in th e
Henshaw co lle c tio n me a su re 4 '2 o r 4-3 inche s, b u t tw o spe c imens, b o th m a rk e d females, have a
wing o f 4'-15 inche s, so th a t th e r e is p ro b a b ly ve ry little d ifference iu th e size o f th e two sexes.
Yoiinff. D u ll bla ck ish , with ru fe s c e n t m a rg in s to th e fe a th e rs , th e h e ad d u lle r th a n th e b a ck , which ha s
a s lig h t sh ad e o f b lu e ; th e red d ish fo reh e ad on ly fa in tly in d ic a te d a u d h a v in g a few white
fe a th e rs in te rm ix e d ; a s lig h t in d ic a tio n o f a ru f e s c e n t colla r on th e h in d n e ck ; u p p e r ta il-co v c rts,
wings, a n d ta il brown, w ith a shy ru fo u s m a rg in s to th e ta il-c o v e rts , g r e a te r wing-oove rts, and
in n e r s e co n d a rie s ; sides o f face b la ck ish b row n , w ith a white fe a th e r o r two o n th e e a r-co v e rts ;
che eks aud th ro a t c h e s tn u t, th e low e r th ro a t b la ck , a ll th e se p a r ts irre g u la rly sp o tte d w ith w h i te ;
rem a in d e r o f th e u n d e r surfa c e o f b o d y a s in th e a d u lts , b u t th o ru fo u s o u th e c h e s t a n d sides
v e iy s tro n g ly m a rk ed , a u d tb e u n d e r ta il-c o v c rts b ro a d ly edged w ith rufous.
T h e am o u n t o f w h ite m a rk in g s o n th e tliro a t and fo re h e a d in th e y o u n g b ird s va rie s g re a tly .
Some o f th em have a b u n d an c e o f w h ite o n th e th ro a t a u d no n e o n tlie forehead, while o th e rs
have th e fo reh e ad th ic k ly s p o tted , b u t show u o w h ite a t a ll o n th e t h ro a t. B y th e e n d of J u ly th e
o rig in a l c o lo u r o f th e b ird becomes m u ch o b lite ra te d , th e u p p e r su rfa c e is d usky blaekish w ith o
u t an y blue , th e c in n am o n rum p a n d th e ru fo u s o f th e u n d e r surfa c e a lm o s t disap p e a r b y a b ra sio n ,
an d i t is p e rfe c tly comp reh en sib le th a t th e b o d y -fe a th c rs m u s t be renewed before th e b ird m ig ra te s
to sum m e r c lima te s.
Tbo scries in th e H en sh aw co lle c tio n is ve ry complete, a n d shows all th e stag e s o f p lum age e x c ep tin g
th e abso lu te n e s tlin g . Bo th sexes a re e q u a lly b r ig h t in c o lo u r when th e y a rriv e in M ay, a n d th e
ru fo u s 011 th e fo reh e ad is stro n g ly pro n o u n c ed . D u r in g J u n e th e f ro n ta l b a n d b le a che s to wliity
b rown, b u t by th e cud o f Ju ly th e whole o f th e f e a th e rs a re very m uch worn a n d d isco lo u red , a n d
th e w h itish edgings to th e u n d e r ta il-co v e rts be com e com p le te ly ab rad ed , while m o s t o f th e w hite
s tre a k s on th e back disappe a r. T h e p lum age o f th e h en b ird ap p e a rs to suffer m o re th a n th a t o f
tlie m a le , a n d tb e black spot o n th e th ro a t is a ll b u t ob lite ra ted .
T h a t th e m o u lt o f th e o ld b ird s commenc e s b e fo re th e y leave th e ir iio rtlic rii home is proved hy
a female b ird p ro cu red a t W a sb iu g to ii o u th e 1 1 th o f A u g u s t wliich is b eg in n in g to renew its
b o d y -fe a th c rs. I n th e case o f th e you n g b ird s th e m o u lt is o ften much ad v an c ed , a n d iu a se rie s