Family XXXIX. S T U R N ID 2E .
(Sharpe, Oat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiii. p. 22, 1890 ;
Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. pp. 516-544,
1889; Hartert, Yog. palaarkt. Fauna, i.
pp. 41-51, 1903.)
STURNUS, Linn.
(Sharpe, t. c. p. 26 ; Oates, t. c. p. 519 ; Hartert,
t. c. p. 41 ; Buturlin, Orn. Jahrb. xv. pp. 205-
213 (1904) ; id., Psov. i ruzejn Ochofca,
Moskva, 1906, i. pp. 35-43.)
1. v u lg a r is , Linn. (p. 27.) N. Europe.
[sophits, Bianchi, Ann. Mus. St. Pétersb. i. C. & W. Europe,
p. 129 (1896); cf. Hartert, t. c. p. 41.] Russia
(64°-60° N. Lat.).
S. in winter
to N. Africa,
Marocco to
Egypt, Syria,
and Persia.
Madeira and
Canary Islands.
2. z a id am e n s is , Buturlin, Orn. Jahrb. xv. p. 208 Central Asia.
(Ì904).
3. d z u n g a r ic u s , Butwlin, Orn. Jahrb. xv. p. 208 Songaria.
(1904).
4. ta u r ic u s , Butwlin, Om. Jahrb. xv. p. 209 Crimea.
(1904).
(1895, ex Sharpe, t. c. pp. 27, 28).
[= 8. vulgaris typ., Brauner, Mem. Soc. Nat.
Odessa, xxx. 1907.]
C. and
W. Europe.
7. g r a n ti, Hartert, t. c. p. 43. Azores.
8. fa ro e n s is , Feilden. (p. 27, pt.) Faeroe Is.
(Knud Andersen, Vidd. Medd. Kjobenh. 1898,
p. 358 ; Hartert, t. c. p. 44.)
9. m e n z b ie r i, Sharpe, (p. 33, pi. i.)
(Oates, t. c. p. 522.)
[= poltoratzskii, Hartert, t. c. p. 44.]
C. & E. Siberia.
Kashmir.
Plains of India
{winter).
C. and W. Europe
{occ.).
10. jitk ow i, Buturlin, Orn. Jahrb. xv. p. 206 Trans-Yolga
(1904). District.
11. in d ic u s , Hodgs. (p. 35).
(Oates, t. c. p. 520.)
thumei, Brooks.)
[Cf. Hartert, i.e. p. 45,]
Himalaya Mts.
(Kashmir to Nepal).
Plains of India
{winter).
12. p o lto r a tz s k ii, Finsch. (p. 36.)
(Oates, t. c. p. 523.
Hartert, t. c. p. 44.)
Central Asia
(Turkestan,
Altai Mts. to
Lake Baikal).
W. to Afghanistan,
to E. Persia.
Cyprus {winter).
Plains of India
to Assam {winter).
13. s a tu r n in i, Buturlin, Orn. Jahrb. xv. p. 207.
VOL. T .