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ATLAS OF AUSTRALIA—1886.
Apftrt frora tlie excellonoa of the harbour of Port Jackson for
commorcial purposes, and its central position on tliB coast of New
South Wales, Sydney owes a large amount of its importance to the
fact of its IJeiug the sent of fiovernment, and the focus for the transaction
of all busiuoss connected theremth. As well as possessing
a large import and export trade -»-ith Great Britain and all the
principal eonntries of the world, Sydney is itself prominent in regard
to various manufactures. The follomng industries are well represented,
and employ a Inrge number of workmen :—Fumitnre, cloth, iron,
coach, boot and shoe, tobacco, and machine, manufacture. There
are also tanneries, ship-building yards, patent slips, dry docks of
sufficient capacity to receive the largest vessels, and soap, candle,
dyeing, and wool-soouriug works. Many others could also be
Connected with Sydney, and the coast in the immediato vicinity,
are several incidents of tho past that possess much interest of a
historic character. Botany Bay, which lies a short distance south
from Sydney, will ever be associated with the name of Captain Cock.
Here a landing was effected, and attempts
) made to obtnii
information as to the character of
the country, its animal and vegetable
productions, anditsinhabitants. This
portion of tho coast of New South
Wales is also connected \vith the illfated
Frencli navigator, La Perouse,
Shoi-tly after tho arrival in the bay of
Captain Phillip's expedition, they were
surprised and not a little alanned to
see two large ships off the beads flying
French colours. These subsequently
proved to bo the Bussole and Astrolabe.
La Perouse and bis men were received
on friendly terms by the colonists.
They afterwai-ds continued their
voyage, but were never again heard
of alive. Their fate was ascertained
some 40 years afterwards, when the
remains of the vessels were discovered
on the coast of one of tho Now Hebrides
Group, where the unfortunate niariner.-i
had suffered shipwreck, and many of
them perished in the waves.
Sydney has ove
nearest of which
populated. These
with the city by t
or where situated c
of the harbour, by powei-ful and swift
ferrj'-steamers.
The population of Sydney and
suburbs in 1861 was 03,1586; in 10
yeai-s it amount-ed to 134,786 persons,
sho\ving an inoroa.se for the decade of
•W-Si per cent. By the census of
1881 the population was found to be
220,984. with an increase for the
decennial period 1871-1881 of about
G4 per ceut. The population of
Sydney nlone, without the suburbs,
amounts to about 103,000.
T A M B A R O O R A . — T n m b a -
roora is situated near tho source of
a small atieam of the same name, which flows into tho Macquorie
Kiver, about 30 miles north-east from Orange, and is known chiefly
in connection with gold-mining. The country is undulating, and rises
iu places into steep hills. Gold occurs in connection with alluvia! deposits,
and is also found in quartz. Considerable settlement has taken
place in the neiglibourhood. Several of the reefs are worked, powerful
machinery being used for cmshing the stone. Population, 837.
TAMWOK.TH.—Tamworth, situated on the Peel River near
the poniiuonco with it of the Goonoo Goonoo Creek and Cockbum
River, occupies a central position in a large, pastoral, agricultui'al,
and mining district, and is rapidly becoming a town of importance.
In the immediate vicinity, the land is level, but at no great distance,
it is undulating and even mountainous. Wheat, bai-ley, oats,
potatoes, and tobacco, gif>w readily. There are several gold-fields in
the district; copper is found at Uungowan, about 80 miles south-east.
The (ireat Xnrtherii Railway Line fi'oin Newcastle to Tenterfiold and
the borders of (Queensland passes through the tomi. The streets are
wide and well kept, and the principal thoroughfares have been i)lanted
with trees of an ornamental character. The grape and various fruits
grow readily. Tamworth contains several fine substantial buildings,
chiefly constructed of brick. It possesses an elevation of 1,270 feot
above the level of the sea. In summer, the heat is frequently oppressive,
but daring the remainder of the year, the climate is genial and
pleasant. Population, 3,612.
TAREE.—Taree is situated on the north bank of the Manning
Biver, at the head of navigation for large vessels, about 20 miles from
the sea, and on account of its position, is likely to increase in size and
importance. The land near the river is flat; the soil, composed
chiefly of alluvium brought do^vn by floods and spread over the
surface, is rich, and possesses a fertility almost inexhaustible. It is
cultivated, and produces large crops of maize. The lighter lands
which lie at some distance on either side of the river, are chicfly
occupied for grazing purposes. Tobacco is grown, and a manufactory
has been established for the preparation of the leaf. The alluvial
fiats are bounded on the north and south by mountains, and the low
hills which separate tho valley of the Manning from that of the
Hastings River on the north, and the basins of the Myall, Karuah,
and Hunter, on the south. Popula-
T E M O R A . — This township,
which is of recent date, arose in
connection with gold-mining. The
discovery which led to the first "rush"
took place eariy in the year 1880;
large quantities of gold have since
been obtained from this field. Temora
is situated near the source of the
WalladiUy Creek, about 85 miles
north-west from Cootamundra. The
country around is undulating in
chai-acter, and contains a considerable
proportion of fertile land suitable for
agriculture, A large amount of settlement
has taken place since the decline
in mining; attention is now directed
to the growth of cereals. Tarious
fruits, including grapes aud oranges,
grow readily. The country is
indifferently watered; the annual
rainfall seldom exceeds 16 inchos.
The scarcity of water was the principal
obstacle encountered by the diner s
during the early " rashes." Population,
3,254,
T E N T E R P I E L D . — T h i s township
is situated near the source of the
Tenterfiold Creek, a tributary of the
Duniaresq Biver, and lies at an elevation
of about 3,-500 feet above the
level of the sea. To the east rise the
lofty peaks of the New England
Range, A large proportion of the
inding c ntry i i for
J of this disti-ict has been st
past by the diffionlty attondin
pastoi-al purposes. The land for the
most part is of a fertile character.
Cereals grow readily ; English fruit«
thrive woll. Gold, silver, tin, copper,
iron, antimony, and plumbago, occur
in various parts. The silvei'-miiies
of Boorook are noted for their richprominent
industry. Tho c
•hat retarded in tho
g tho conveyance of tho various products
to commercial centimes; the estension of tho Great Northern
Railway Lino will do much to remove this obstacle to progress. The
climate is known for its bracing effects on the humau frame, aud is
one of tho most pleasant in New South Wales, Tlie mean nnnnal
tempei'ttture ranges about 57°. The rainfall amounts to nearly 31
inches yearly. Population, 948.
T E R R A R A . - Tnrnra is situated on the Shoalhaven River,
about 8 miles from its mouth, and previous to the great floods of 1860,
which devastated the low lands on both sides of the river, was the
most important town in the district. In 1870, It suffered considerably
from the same cause. This townsliip foms the commercial centre for
a lai^e area of the most fertile land on the south coast, and notwith-
•standing its liabiUty to inundation, has advanced in numbers and
importance. Tho chief products of the surrounding country are
maize, potatoes, barley, butter, and cheese. Population, 700.
NEW SOUTH WALES.
T I M B A R R A . - A small mining township, situated near a creek
of tho same name, about 18 miles east from Tenterfield, The surrounding
country is undulating in character, and largely auriferous.
A shoi-t distance to the west rise the peaks of tlie Now England Range.
The distiict is rich in minerals, its vast resources in tLis respect being
compai-atively unknown. Tin has been found in the ini modi ate
vicinity. Population, 200.
TINGHA.—Tinglia, situated on Cope's Creek, a tributary of
the Gwydir, about 40 miles south-west from Glen lunes, has insen of
late years in connection with mining. Tin is abundant in the vicinity,
and considerable settlement has taken place. The lodes or veins are
described as among the
extent. Timber-cutting employs
2,424,
TINOlirEE.—Tinonee is sit
7 miles above Taree. The land oi
the colony, and are also of gi'cat
imber of persons. Population,
lated on the Manni
the banks of the r
ig Riv ,about
is rich, and
well suited to agriculturo. Cereals and root-crops yield abundantly.
Different fruits, including the grape, grow readily. Timber-cutting
in the extensive forests, which ai-e foimd stretching back from the
river, furnishes employment to a number of persons. Population,
366.
T O O L O O M . - A mining tovvnship on the Tooloom Rivulet, a
tributai'v of tho Upper Clarence, about 50 miles north-east from Tenterfield.
Gold ivas obtained in this locality so far back as 1859. The
countiy around is largely occupied for ])astoi'ul pui-poaes. In many
parts of the district the soil is of a very fertile description. Whore
this is the case settlement has taken place, and cultivation has been
:cd. Low spurs from the Dividing Chain cross the country
us ]iarts, and impart diversity to its sui-face. In many places,
ery is picturesque, aud possesses much of the rugged grandeur
. mountainous districts. Qiuii tz reefs occur in the ranges. The
workings in the vicinity have pi-oduced several large nuggets.
found il
Population of neighboxirhood, 120.
T R t T N K E Y CREEK.—Tins is essentially a mining township,
luid is situated on a small stream which flows into the Abercrombie,
an aflluent of the Lachlan Ri
Bathurst, The surroundivig coi
numerous quartz reefs, Coppei
The distiHct in many parts is mou
Mining for gold is c
500.
TtTENA,—Tuona is
•er, about 35 miles sonth from
itry is gold-bearing, and contains
ainous, and generally of a
Tied on exteusively. Po]
uated ou the Tuena Creek which flows
a tributary of the Lachlan, aud lies about
into tho Abercrombie Riv
50 miles south fi'om Bathurst. The sun-ounding
largely for agricultural and ])astoral purposes,
auriferous, and copper occurs in the immediate vi
said to bo abundant. Population, 213.
TinttBARTJMBA,—This township has ai
neetion with mining. Tunibarumba is situated on
name whicli Hows into the Uppei
north-oast from Albury, Tho spi
tra^
.untry is occupied
The district k
creek of the same
Murray, and lies about 75 miles
•s from the MuiTay Range, which
;rscs the country a few milos eastward from the town, give rise
to much diversity, iu some places forming peaks of considerable ele^Tvtion,
in othere dwindling dow into gentle undulations which spread
out in all directions. The soil of the slopes and valleys is, for the
most part, of a very fertile desc
largely cultivated, proibundanoe.
ducing wheat, oats, aud pot-atoos in
Tobacco grows
i-eadily. The Tunibanimbn gold-fields n
past, yielded large quantities of gold,
still continue in various parts of th(
results, A few miles to the south,
largely impregnated \vith gold,
situated close to
•e rich, and have, during the
u this dir.
of: tho :
? district, ivith remunerative
reefs have been discovered,
gold.The adjoining country is
lie western margin of the Southern Tableland,
elevation of nearly 2,000 feet above tho
The climate is cool aud bracing, and well
known for its invigorating effects on the human fraiiic. The
snowy peaks of the Muniong Range, which towei'S above the surrounding
coimtry in the direction of Kiandra, somewhat increase
tho cold of printer, but tho severity of more exposed situations is
almost entirely absent. AVitli tho completion of the proposed railway
line fi'om Wagga Wagga, Tumbarumba will assume a position of
considei-ablo luipoi-tance. Population, (!!)(),
TUMUT.—Tumut is situated on the left bank of the Tumut
River, an affluent of tho Muirumbidgee, and lies about 20 miles southcast
from Oundagai. The country around, >vhioh is largely settied
upon, contains some very fertile land, iu many places alluvial in
character. 'Wlieat, maize, oats, potatoes, and tobacco, are extensively
gi'owu. Rearing stock is also followed by some of the farmers. The
extension of the railway line from Adelong, as proposed, will add
materially to the progress of the district. Population, 787.
TJlLADirLLA,—Ulladullii is a small township on the sea-coast,
about flfty miles south from tho Shoalhaven Hiver, it derives its
importance from the fact that it is the shipping-port of a large
district. Tho land iji the immediate vicinity is not suited to agriculture,
The harbour consists of a bay or inlet, sheltered from
storms by elevated cliffs, which jut out on either side. The back
counhy is chiefly occupied for grazing and dairy-farming. Tho
rainfall of tho district varies between 30 and 50 inches. Pojiulation,
130,
•aLMARRA.—This township is situated on the Clarence River,
about 9 miles below Grafton, aud about 36 miles from the sea. The
district around is known for its fertility, and the extensive production
of sugar-caue and maize. It forms an important commercial centre
for a large urea of agricultural country. Several mills for the
manufacture of sugar have been established in the vicinity. Population
of the municipality, 1,560.
- URAI.I.A.—U ralla, one of tho townships of the New England
District, is situated about 15 miles south-west from Annidale, and lies
at an elevation of 3,800 feet above tho level of the sea. The district
is both pastoral and agricultui-al in character. The Rocky River
gold-field, composed of alluvial workings, is in the vicinity. There
is a considerable amount of sottlemont, Tho soil is suited to thegrowth
of wheat. The Groat Northern Railway Lino liasses through
it, and furnishes communication with Newcastle, The climate is
bracing and healthy. Population, 380,
URANA.—Urana, an important township in Riverina, is situated
on the Urana Creek, noar the eastern shores of Lake Urana, about 45
miles south from Narrandera, The lake is a mei-e shallow expanse
caused by a slight depression. It is filled by Hood-waters, but
these arc gradually reduced through evapoi-atidn and absorption, until
the lake becomes a marsh, and during dry seasons, dries up altogether.
A large proportion of the land in the district is of a very good
quality, and fit for agriculture, but the smallness of tho rainfall,
which amounts to about 22 inches annually, does much to retard
enterprise in this direction. Grazing and sheep-farming are chiefly
followed. In favom-able seasons, good crops of cereals are obtained.
Settlement has taken placo very rapidly in this part of the colony, of
late years- Population, 398.
WAGGA -WAGGA.—Wagga Wagga, a town of considerablo
importance on the sonth bank of the Mumimbidgeo, lies about
77 miles north-north-east ft-om Albniy, and is the centre of a
large district. Formerly, the country around was occupied
principally for sheep-farming, but with the increase of settlement
under the land laws, attention has become directed to cultivation of
tho soil, which in many places is rich, and well suited to agriculture.
In addition to wool, the principal products of the district are wheat,
barley, oats, maize, potatoes, and tobacco. Gentle undulations, rising
into hills in the distance, occur in the vicinity; those, dotted over al
intervals with the homesteads of free selectors, present a pleasing and
homely api)earano0. The usual trading steamers reach Wagga Wagga
when the watei-s of the Mumimbidgee are at tho higher levels. Tho
Great Southeiu Railway Line passes through it, and furnishes communication
with Sydney, from which it is distant 309 miles. The town is
well laid out, and contains some fine substantial buildings. The
climate, in summer, is frequently oppressive, on account of the great
heat, which occasionally reaches 100° and even 110°; during the
remainder of the year, it is genial aud pleasant. The rainfall amounts
to about 26 inches annually. Population, 3,975,
WAGONGA.—Wagonga is a small township, situated on the
coast about 11 miles south from the month of the Tuross River. The
bay affoi-ds very good shelter for shipping, aud is easy to enter. Conspicuous
to the south-west is the isolated mountain known as the
Dromedary. Much of the country in the \-icinity is auriferous, and
mining, to a limited extent, is carried on. The principal products of
the neighbourhood are butter, cheese, bacon, timber, and wattle-bark.
Population of district, about 800.
WALEUNDRY.-Walbiindry i
i situated on the right bank
lorth-north-west from Albury.
oupied for pastoral j
of the Billabong Creek, about 35 miles
The surrounding country is chioÜy oo
Population, -50.
WALCHA.—Walcha is situated on the upper
of the
Apsley Biver, a tributary of tho Macleay River, about 35 mUes
south from Armidale. It lies on the eastern slope of the New
England Range, at a considerable elevation above the level of the
sea. The sun'ounding country contains large areas of good fertile
land, and is extensively settled upon for farming pui-poses. Cereals
and root-crops yield abundantly. Sheep-farnung aud rearing stock
engage attention. Gold has been found a short distance to the
south of the town. Tho annual rainfall amounts to about 26 inches.
Population, 809.