
l i f ' i î
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ATLAS OF AUSTRALIA—1886.
from wLieli it is distant nboiit 20 miles. Tlie bvanoli railway from the
iloloug liao to Forbes «-ill j.ass tirough tliis township. Thougli
estreiuely hot in siiiimier, the climate during the greater pai't of the
year is cool aud pleasant. Population, 23.7.
CrrDGEGONG.—'J'his township is situated ou the river of the
same HRine, a tribatary of the MacquRrie, about 28 miles south-east
from Mudgee. TIib adjacent countiy ernbracos some rery good land,
which is settled upon and cultivated, "Whent aud other cereals gi-ow
y lire found gold, copper,roadi iron, antimony, aud
coal. Population, 120,
letown, situated on the uorth bank
miles below Tares, is the centro of a
tai-al ill character. The soil on the
escriptiou, and has beeu found to be
«e. Population, 217.
ited on the Oolong Creek, one of the
ibout 32 miles west from Goulburu.
CUNDLETOWN. -C'lm-l
of the Manning Ilivcr, about 4
district for the moat ])art agricul
banks of the viver is of a rich d
well suited to tho growth of raai:
DAXTON.—Dalton is situ;
sources of the Lachlau Kiver, .
The district is chicily agricultural ; cereals aro among tho principal
products. The cultivation of the grape and apjile has been very
successful. Largo quantities of wino are made. Population, 112.
DAPTO.—This township is situated ou Mullet Creek, a small
stream which flows iuto Lake Illawarra. The surrounding country is
of trap origin, and is consequently very fertile. The- adjacent slopes,
with a rainfaO geuerftlly sufficient, ^'splay a greenness refreshing
to the eye, and are occupied by an industrious population, the chief
occupation of which is dairy-farming. Dapto is about 8 miles south
from the important seaport of Wollongong, and forms jiart of the
Illawarni district, which, known as the garden of New South Wales,
ranks among the early sattlcmeuts of the colouy. Near it is Lake
Illawarra, well known for its scenery, aud the obuudaneo of fish
aud aquatic birds which fi-equent its waters. Population, 400.
DELEGATE.—This small town is situated on a tributary of the
Snowy River, about 20 miles south-west from Bombala, and very close
to the southeru boundary of the colony. The adjoining country, consisting
pastor
partly of upland plains, is occupied by settlors for agricultural
purposes, and in lai-ger areas as sheap-runs. Gold-mining is carried
on in the neighbourhood. Population, 180.
DEITILIQUIK.—Deniliquin is the most impoi-taut to^vn m the
large and undefined tinct of plain known as Riverhia. It is situated
on the Edward River, one of the niauy mia-branches of the Mm-i-ay,
ami owes it.s prominenc« to its central position m some of the best '
1 Now South Wales. In 1870 this tovvn was
ected by railway with one of the Victorian trunk lines, aud is in
daily communication with Melbonroe. The surroniiding countiy is
level, aud covered to a large extent with saltbush, a shrub eateu by
sheep. On the banks of the ana-branches or bUlabongs, where the
soil is of alluvial formation, agriculture has been tried with varying
success. In years when the rainfall excocds the usual average, i
wheat, barley, aud other vegetable jiroduets grow, but, with less I
than the normal rainfall, aud during droughts, the moisture j
retained in the gi'ound is insufficient to mature, and failure is the I
result. There is no doubt that \vith uu extensive scheme of irrigation,
these plains, now dry and only sen-iceable as sheep-runs, may yet be
changed into fields of golden grain, supporting large and prosperous
populations. The prhicipal product of the district is wool. The
i-ainfall seldom exceeds 18 inches annually, and in the Old Man Plain,
which lies between Deniliquin and the Murrumbidgee River, it is very
much less, amounting only to abont 10 inches yearly. The heat in
summer frequently rises above 90°, but with au atmosphere in which
the humidity is low, tho effect is less enervating on the human frame.
Ksperience has shown that, uotwithstandrng the great heat duiing
three months of the year, the climate on the whole is healthy.
Population, 2,500.
SEKTISOIT TO"WN.—This small township is situated on the
Talbragar River, an affluent of the ilacqiiarie, about 33 miles west
from Cassilis. The adjoining country embraces both agiicultural aud
pastoral land. Population, 203.
DENMAN.—Deumau, a township in the valley of the Hunter,
is situated on the right bank of that river, about three miles above
the junction of tho Goulburn, its principal tributary. Large areas of
rich alluvial land are found in tho neighbourhood ; this country is
well suited to the growth of wheat aud maize. The climate and soil
favour the orange, vine, aud other fruits. The native forests, which
contain some fine timber, furnish employment to timber-cutters and
sawyers. The lofty summits of the Great Dividing Range enclose the
upper part of the valley. Population, 557,
DOTJGHBOT HOLLOW. — Doughboy Hollow is situated
about I) uiiles north-west from the town of Murrurunili, ou the (.Treat
Northern Railway Line, and hes on the north-westei-u slope of
ihe Liverpool Range, at an elevation of over 2,000 feet above the
level of the sea. Tlie country in the vicinity is broken, aud in many
places steep aud unsuited to settlement. On the ilauks of the
mountains, ruggedness gives place to slopes and valleys; here, grazhig
and agriculture aro carried on. Population, 140,
STTEBO.—Diibbo is a town of considerable importance on the
Great Western Railway Line, and lies near the eastern margin of plains
which estend without auy intci-ruption to Bourke. It is situated on the
right bank of the Macquarie River, and possesses an elevation above
sea-level of about 860 feet. Tho surroundhag conntry in many parts
shows a high degree of fert ility, and is suited to agriculture. It is
occupicd to a very large extent for pastoral purposes. The cHef
products iu addition to wool are, wheat, barley, potatoes, aud hay.
About 30 miles distant, occur quart/, reefs which are worked for their
gold ; very good coal has also been obtained in the vichiity. Copper
and diamonds have been discovered. The Macquaric is here spanned
by a very fine railway bridge. The streets of the town are wide aud
well laid out. Dubbo, which has added considerably to its prosperity
since tho extension to, and beyond it, of the railway, possesses some
very fine buildings, including those of a general character considered
indispensable to progress. Though the heat of summer, as in all the
towns of the plains, is generally of an oppressive ehai-acter, reaching
frequently to about 100® Fahi-, m the shade, the greater part of the
year is mild and pleasant. Population, 3,200.
DUNGOG.—J-hiuu-otr is situated on the right bank of tlie Williiims
River, about 80 miles north from Maitland. The land is agricultural
in character, and well suited to the growth of wheat aud
maize, Tobacco is largely produced. Population, 'I3i5.
EDEN.—Eden, a small town on the sea-coast is situated on the
uoi-th shore of Twofold Bay, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, near the
southern extremity of the colony. The bay is large, and affords good
shelter for shipping. Among the oldest industries of the neighbourhood
is a whaling station, The laud in the immediate vicinity is
generally of a pooi' quality, the prevailing rocks being sandstone and
granite. Farther inland, it is occupied for pastoral purposes. Eden
arose into prominouce hi connection with the " rnsh " to the Kiandra
diggings, which took place in the year 1860. It was then the most
convenient stai-ting ])oint from the coast. With the failure of these
diggings the population declined. The district contains some very fine
timber; wattle-bark is plentiful, and is collected for shipment to
Sydney. Population, 231,
E M M A V I L L E . -The population m and around this to\vnship
is somewhat scattered, and consists principally of miners, a considerable
proportion being Chinese. Large areas of the surrounding country
are tin-beai-ing, aud immediately after the discoveries of 1S7S, settlement
began to increase rapidly. Eminaville, known also as Vegetable
Creek; is situated in the New England district, in a valley about 20
miles uorth-west from Glen Innes, The tin deposits occur in alluvium,
and also as lodes, some of them many miles in ecctent. The neighbouring
country is occupied largely for pastoral purposes. The discovery
of good agi-icultural land in the vicinity has led to cultivation
of the soil. Population of the district, 2,670.
EMTT.—This township occupies a position in the valley of the
Nepeau, about three miles west from the town of Penrith. The
surrounding laud is alluvia! in character, and iu many phices possesses
great fertility. It is occupied for pastoral aud agricultni-al pui-poses.
Tho orange nnd grape vine grow readily in the neighboui-hood, and
are extensively cultivated. Tho scattered homesteads on the green
slopes of the tableland which bounds the basin of the Nepeau ou the
west, have & very homely appearance, as seen by the traveller when
slowly mounting the zigzag on the Great Western Railway Line, Sandstone
enteis largely into the fonnation ; coal occurs on the sni-face of
a ridge in the vicmity. Population, .030.
EUROBODALIA.—This small township is situated near the
Turosg River, on the Main Southern Road, ft short distance south from
I Bodalla. Dairy-farming and agriculture are tho principal occupations
I 'of a limited population. About 0 miles west is the Gul|)h gold-field—
an alluvial diggings now almost worked out. Population, 137.
EUSTON.—Euston, situated on tho Muri'ay River, about 50
miles svest from Balranald, is know
chieliy in connection with the
j river tnide, and as au important ore
îing for stock pmceeding south
I into Victoria. The adjoining plni
Í are occupicd as sheep-runs.
I Population, l.'iO.
' FOKBES.—'I'liiii town is situated on the right bank of the
Lachlan River, a shoii distance below theconHuence with it of the
Mandagery Creek. It marks one of tho principal oi-ossings iu the
liast, for stock travelliug aoath, Considerable ciuantitioa of gold were
j at one time found ou the present site of the town. This attracted a
' very large population, but as in the case of other diggings in the
colony, when the " rush " bad become exhausted, the numbers rapidly
declined. Tho town of the present day derives its kuportanco from
lil.lï
NEW SOUTH WALES.
its central position as regards a large pastoral and agricultural population
settled ou the surrounding plains which, to a considerable extent,
are alluvial in chai-acter, aud very fertile, ifining operations are
still carried on at the Bald HiRs. The principal agricnltural products
arewheat, bariey, oats, hay, maize, and potatoes. Fruit trees, including
the orange and grape vine, grow readily. Forbes is one of the
towns of Now South Wales hi which tree-planting hi tho streets has
been attended with success. In summer, the heat is very excessive,
but possessing an elevation of over 1,000 feet above sea-levcl, it is,
during the greater portion of the remaining seasons, cool and pleasant.
The town has many fine, substantial buildings, both public and
private. Population, 1,480.
POBiSTEE,.—This town is situated on the coast, at the entrauce
of Wallis Lake, a short distance north from Cape Hawkc, Immense
forests extend mland, Timbe>cutting is an established industry.
Population, 183.
E R E D E K I C K T O N . —
Frederickton is situated on the .•/
left bank of the Macleay River,
near the junction -vrith it of
Christmas Creek, about 5 miles
below Kempsey, The large
district of which this fonus a
part is well known for the
fertility of its soil. Population,
221.
GEE-MANTON-.—Gormautou,
the centre of a tlourishing
and prosperous distiict, is
situated near the source of the
Ten Jlile Creek, a tributary of
the Billabong Creek, about 3,5
miles north-east from Albury.
Much of the surrounding couutiy
is undulating, and possesses a
variety and beauty that charm
the beholder. It was rapidly
settled upon after tho legislation
of 1861, which opened the lands
of the colony to fi'ee selection.
Agrioultiu^, sheep-farming, and
fruit-gi'OAving, aro successfully
followed. Population, 402.
G E R O G E R Y . —This
village is situated about 18 miles
north from the town of Albury,
and occupies a central position
neficial to weak c
!t of C( asidei'
able fertihty. Tho land is
lai-gely occupied for agi-icultui-al
purposes, aud among tho principal
products are wheat and other
g r a i n . Sheep-farming is
followed, chiefly on the lighter
soils less suited to cultivation.
Conspicuous to the south-east is
Yambla or Table Top, a squareshaped
bluff peak, in the low
range of the same name. Tho
different aspects of it pass rapidly
in view before the traveller as
ho journeys on tho Great Southem
Railway Lnie, between
Wagga Wagga and Albury,
, the ( s hot. lit during the rest c
Population, 800.
the yaai-.
tion of the surrounding country for pastoral purposes, and has a
history dating so far back as 18'18. In the early years of its existence
progress was slow. This hi a largo measure wa.s due to the isolated
position it occupied, and the difficulty of communication with commercial
centres. The district is rich in various minerals; the extensivo
deposita of tin discovered, increased tho population, and first brought
the town into prominence. Bismuth, nickel, and silver have also been
found. Settlement of receut years has increased raiiidly, and with
tho completion in August 1884, of the Great Northern Railway Line,
a considerable impetus has been given to the development of a district
of groat natural resources. Jluch of the surroimding country is fertile,
and suited to the gl•o^vth of cei'eais. Large areas have been
selected, and are occupied by conditional purchasers. The climate in
winter is cold, snow and ice being not infrequent. The elevation
ity iu the atmosphere, and produces the bracing effect so
stitutions. The district is regarded as one of
the most healthy in New South
Wales. Tlie average rainfall
amounts to about 86 inches annually,
Poinilation, 1,827.
^ GO N G O L G A N .—T h i . ^
small township occupies a position
on the left bank of tho Bogan
River, about 80 miles south from
Brewarrina, The jilains around
are occupied for pastoral pur-
])oses. Population, 105.
GOOLOOGONG. — Gooloogong
is situated on the Lachlan
River, a short distance below
the coufiuuuce of the Belubula
River, aud about 3-') miles southeast
fr'om Forbes, Thosun'oundiug
countiy is to a large extent
pastoi-al in character. Population,
10-1.
G O S r O R D . — Gosford, a
small township on one of the
north arms of Brisbane Water,
is situated about 40 miles north
of Sydney. The forests in the
vicinity contain some fine timber,
which is cut aud shipped to
Sydney, Population, 230.
• GOULBURN.-C.-nlburn,
the commercial centi-e of an
important and thickly populated
district, is situated at the confiuence
of the Mnlwaree Ponds
and the Wollondilly River,
streams ivhich collect tho upper
wuters of the Hawkesbury. Its
prosperity is largely due to the
fertility of the country which
surrounds it, but much of its
importance arises from it? position
as a depot on the Cn-eat
Southern Railway Line. Wheatgrowing
is carried on very extensively.
Among its remaining
vegetable products are maize,
barley, oats, and potatoes, A
considerable area is devoted to
ludgrazing. Fruit
remarkably pleasant and j
GERIN-GOITG.—This small
about 7 miles south from Kiama.
lating in character, jiicturesque
Dairy-farming and agriculture arc
Population, 131.
GLADSTON'E.—Tills town
lish statesman, occupies a positioi
River, about 10 miles belo'
vicinity aro noted for their fertility
Population, 121.
country is unduy
portions, aud very fertile,
iupations followed by settlers.
imed after the popular Eng-
) right bank of the Macleay
The alluvial lands in the
lizti is the ])rincipal product.
G L E N INNES.—(;U"ii Inues, one of the to;viis of the Northern
Tableland, situated on the western slope of tho New England Range,
at an elevation of 8,500 feet abovo sea-levei, lias about 100 miles west
from Grafton. This to^vn took its rise in connection with the occupamrrounding
ine, grow readily,
y into hills of greater elevation
2,000 feet above the level of the
tree-s, mchiduig the peach aud \
is undulating in character, risini
towards the west,
Situated
sea, Goulhur
though hot ii
part of the year. It la well laid out, has broad streets, and posses
a number of very fine buildings, Manufacturing industries of various
kinds add to the prosperity of the to^m. The district is rich in
minerals, among which are marble, slate, and limestone ; copper
and gold are also found. The mean annual i-ainfall amounts to
abont 17 inches, but both north and west, it is very much greater.
Population, 5,880.
'ery healthy, bracing climate—one which,
pleasant and invigorating dnring the gi'eater
GRAFTON.—Grafton, the principal to^vn on the northern coast
of New South Wales, is situated on the Clarenco River, about 4.^,
miles from its mouth, and occupies the centre of a large and important
district. On the banks of the i navigable for about