'A* *.
ATLAS OF AUSTRALIA—1SS6.
P E E I i . — I S situated on Clear Creek, a small stream, the
waters of wWcb nugment tlie volume of the Mncquarie, about
8 miles nortli froiu Bathin-st. The siirroiinaing settlers are cliiefly
engagod in agriculture nnd gra^.iag, Wlieafc and otter cereals are
among the principal products of the district. Gold, silver, and lead
Iiave been found in the neighbourhood. Population, 114.
FENBiITH.—l'i>iii-it}i. which is included among the oai-ly settlements
of the colony, is sitiinted on the right bank of the Nepean
Kirer, about 10 mibs below the Junction «nth it of the Wai-i-ngamba,
nnd lies about 34 maes west from Sydney. Tho town has risen into
considerable importance of late yeai-s in connection with the Groat
Western Kailway Line, which passes through it, and furnishes means
of communication with the metropolis. In former days, it was prominent
as a stopping-place for travellers proceeding inland. Tlie
allnvial Hat« which line the Nepean in this part are fertile, and produce
largo crops of maize, wheat, oats, and potatoes; the soil is also
found to be suited to the growth of grapes, oranges and various other
fruits. The Nopean is spanned here by a very fine iron bridge,
over which the I'ailwny is carried. A short distance west from the
to«n rises the rocky face of the Southern Tableland, on the precipitous
elopes of which is constrnctod the zigzag in connection with tho Western
Railway Lino. By means of it, a gradual ascent is provided
from the level of tho coast district to the greater elevation of the
mountain region. To the south occurs o break in the chain, through
which flow tbe waters of tho Nepean. Population, 1,470.
PICTON.—PictoD is prettUy situated in a valley surrounded
by hills, through which Qows a small stream called the Stoneqnarry
Creek, an affluent of the Nepean River, and is distant about 15) miles in
a south-west direction from Campbelltown. The country around is
fertile, and occupied for grazing and farming. In some places it
rises into steep hills, in others, the slopes are gentle with beautiful
well watered valleys between. Picton possesses an elevation of about
550 feet above sea-level. The climate is genial and healthy, and is
much in favour for invalids. The Great Southern Railway Line
passes tb'ough it. Maize, wheat, nnd hay are grown. Large
quantities of dairy-produce reach the Sydney market from this
district. A few miles to the south-west, lie the small lagoons known
OS the Picton Lakes. Shale containing kerosene oil has boon discovered
in tbe district. The rainfall amounts to about 2(5 inches
annually. Population, 6(57.
PITT TOWN.—This i
ownship is situated on tbe right bank of
4 miles north-east fiom Windsor. The
!, and possesses some good fertile lam
•vicinity of the river. Cereals groalso
the llawkesbury River, about
district is an agricultnral on
especially in the immediate
readily, and produce well, as
lation, 3.>0.
do the gi'ape and orange. Popu-
PLATTSBTTBG.—PUiitsburg adjoins Wall
10 miles west ft'om Newcastle. This town is known c
with coal-mining, which employs a iai-ge number of the inhabitants.
"pOKT MACQTJARIE.—This township is sit.
south headland of tbe entrance to the Hastings Biver, n
of the harbour of the same name, and Ues about 200 mil
Sydney. The land on the banks of the river is flat
allunal in character, and in some parts becomo-s low
Settlement has taken place extensively throughout th(
tbe agricultnral areas are all under cultivation. The chief products
consist of niaiKe, wheat, bariey, oats, and potatoes. The grape gi'ows
i-eadily, and is found to >-ield abundantly. Wine-making is an established
industry. Tobacco has been tried with succesi
attempts have been made to grow sugar-cane, but the
winter frosts has caused these efforts to rcBiilt in fn:
stock is followed by some of the settlors. Exte
limestone occnr, and gold has been discovered, but
titics. Forests of very good timber are met with at va
the river. Timber-cntting afiords emplo;
•r the shore
north from
district, and
Several
•erity of the
•e. Rearing
ve beds
small qu:
number of
Port Ma
produce. PopiUation, 773.
tbe shipping-p' a large amount of
PROSPECT.—Prospect
I the Western R , aboul
wheat, barley, maize, oats, and potatoes. English froits niid flowers
grow readily. Tho tovvn is sun'ounded by hills which form a shelter
from the cold winds of winter. Much of the scenery on the margin
of the river has a picturesqueness •
Gold, silver, copper, lead, and iroj
1 neighbourhood, Thi
public and private.
Population. 1,000.
QUiaiNDI.—Qi
once charms the beholder.
iTnong the minerals found
The:
is adorned by several fin
m annual rainfall is aboii 23 inches.
iituated on a small stream of the
flows into the Namoi Eiver. Tbe surrounding
i an elevation of over 1,000 feet, which is due to the
fact that it lies on the northern slope of tho Liverpool Range. The
level tracts extending towards the north-west are known as the;
Liverpool Plains. Gi-ain is produced in large quantities in the dis-
,rict. Considerable areas are occupied for pastoral pui-poses, Quirindi
s connected with Newcastle by the Great Northern Railway Line.
Population, 278.
RAYMOND TERRACE.—Knymoiul Terrace is situated on
the left bank of the Hunter River, nenr the junction >vith it of tbe
Willioms, and bes about 18 miles noi-th from Newcastle. The district
is known as an agricultni-al one, maize, barley, hay, potatoes, and
tobacco, being the principal pi'oducts. The land is, to a large extent,
character, nnd noted for its richness, Attention is given
to the culture of the vine, and wines of excellent quality are made.
rlimate favour the growth of the orange, and various other
he annual rainfall amounts to about 3ó inches. Population,
700.
RICHMOND.—This important town is situated near the right
bank of the Hawkesbury River, n short distance below t i e confluence
with it of the Grose, and lies about 4 miles west from Windsor. The
laud in the vicinity is rich, and possesses a considerable depth of soil.
Immense level tracts line the banks of tho river; these are subject to
inundation, which, though beneficial in its effects by adding to the
.he soil, yet spreads devastation among tho crops, imand
homesteads of the settlers, and often destroys
swoop the labour of years, leaving ruin where but
B previously were comfort and prosperity. Maixe is
rtensively throughout the district. Wheat and other
also grown. Richmond is connected by railway line with
distant 38 miles. It possesses some
took place in the district at a very
date, and muoh of the laud was included in free grants,
made originally to certain persons. The annual rainfall amounts to
about 34 inches. Population, 1,240.
ROBERTSON.—Tl'ibcrtson is situated near the ea
of the Southern Tableland, about 14 miles east from Moai
lies at an elevation of over 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. Tho
climate is healthy and bracing. The settlers ai-ound are principally
engaged in dairy-fanning and the rearing of stock. Towards the descent
to the sea-coast, the country becomes rngged, and in many places
steep and precipitous. Some very fine views, extending for many miles
in one dii-ection, are obtainable in the noighboni-bood. Population, 850.
ROCKIiEY.—This small to«-n is sitnated on the right bank of
Pepper's Creek, near its junction with Campbell's River, and lies
about 23 miles south fi'om Bathurst. Low hiUs :
provide shelter from storm-winds, and add
of the scenery. The district is both agricul
settlers around pi-oduce hay and grain-crops,
been found. Population, 180.
ROCKY MO-aTH.-li..cky Mouth, i
of whicb has been surveyed the G.
situated at tbe junction of an ar
known as the South Ami, with the
ion for a largì
fertility o
produced e
cereals :
the metropolis,
very fine buildings.
1 edge
urround it; thes
io the variety and beaut
tural and pastoral. Th
Copper and gold hav
e immediate vicinity
•nship of Maclean, is
la-bi-anch of the Clarence River,
> main stream. It fomis the depot
!a of back country on both sides of
. , ¡ind 3 miles south from BIncktown Rail'
Station. The country aroond is undulating, nnd is occupied chiefly
foi' farming and rearing stock. From tho basaltic rook ol
neighbourhood, good stone is obtained for the construction of roads.
PopiJation, 672.
QTTEANBEYAN.-This town, situated on the Queanbey
River, a small rapid stream tbe waters of which find their way
ultimately into the ilurrumbidgee, occupies a position on the Southom
Tableland, nt an elevation of about'2,000 feet above sea-level. The
surrounding country, which includes a Ini^e proportion of fertile land,
is both agricultural and pastoral. The principal products are wool.
the river, and is distant from the entrance about 18 inili
iron have been found in tho neighbourhood; these di
tend to increase its importauce. I'opulntion, 408,
RTDAl.—Rydal is situated near the source of
Creek, a small tfibutary of the Fish River, and lies at a
over 3,000 feet above sea-level. It is distant from Hn
miles in a north-west direction. T'he countiy around is
and produces cereal crops readily. Fruits of cold climr
to thrive well. The climate is pleasant, tho rarity of tl
Coal n
irtley about
settled upoi
having a bracing and inrigorating effect
lation, 162.
RYLSTONE.—Rylstoni
bank of the Cudgegong Rive
is the centre of a district c
n tho hui nfrn
loft
The h s lar
iring stock. rabie
is picturesquely situated
•tuining much undeveloped minen
occupied for pastoral pui'poses, an
mount of settlement has taken placi
NEW SOUTH WALES.
Cereals and ¡jotatoes grow readily. Among the minerals known to
exist are gold, copper, antimony, plumbago, cobalt, cinnabar, coal, and
marble. Building stone of a very fine quality is also found in the
vicinity. The Mudgee Railway Line passes through the town, and
provides tho means of conveyance to tho meti-opolis. The covintry in
many places is broken and raountniuous, and several caves of an
interesting character in the neighbourhood attract tho attention
of visitors. The climate, which is regarded as extremely healthy,
derives its bi-acing and invigorating effects fi-om the elevation
(amounting to about 2,000 feet) of the country around. Population,
SCONE.—.So.ne i
a ti'ibntary of the I
Musclebrook, and lies r
bei intersected by n
e is dotted ever t
i situated on the Kingdom Ponds Creek,
unter River, about 16 miles north from
t an elevation of nearly 700 feet above the
country around
from the Liverpool Range; the
isteads of an increasing and prosperous
population. Large crops of wheat, maize, bai-ley, oats, potatoes,
and tobacco, ore ])roduoed annually. The grape grows readily,
and wine-making is attended with success. Much of the land
is devoted to rearing stock. The tlistrict is known to possess considerable
minei-al resources. Coal, limestone, and iron have been found.
Nnmeroiis fossil trees, in connection with more recent deposits
of a maiine charactei', have been fouud scattered on a plain near
the Kingdom Ponds Creek, close to tbe town. The Great Northern
Railway Line, whicb passes through Scone, connects it with
Newcastle, from which it is distant about 96 miles. Elevation influences
the climate, which is regarded as being extremely healthy.
Within a short distance of the town some wild and romantic sceneiy
is mot with. Population, 000,
SHELLHARBOUR.—This township is situated on the shores
of a small nook on tho coast, about 8 miles north from Kiama, and
about 3 south from Lake lllawarra. The harbonr, which is open
to the north, is protected by two breakwaters. It forms a shippingport
for a considerable portion of the lllawarra district. The chief
products of the adjoining country are butter, cheese, and bacon.
Population, 166.
SILVERTON.—Silverton, a town of recent date, is situated
on the TJmberumberka Creek, about SO miles noi-th-west from
Menindie, and within 1.5 mile
Its growth has been rapid, and
silver deposits found throughci
were made nt Thackaringa, somi
silver lodes have been traced o
have been found to extend to
proved thi
to the ton an
of the South Australian border,
entirely due to the richness of the
the district. The first discoveries
Qiles to the south of Silverton. The
r an immense area of conntiy, and
[ount Gipps, a distance of over 30
of this
i of the district. lOOozs, to ISOozs. of silver
common ; chlorides have yielded 10,000ozs.,
ce, I6,000O23. to the ton. TMie development
I very much retarded by the great
ind the difficulty of (
f parts seldom
les 10 inches a uttlly ; the surre
w South Wales,
inding
Conccount
country is among the dry est to be found ii
siderablo areas are stocked with sheep, bi
blocks labour under great disadvantage oi
of the insu Bici en
water-supply, and the difliculty and espe
their produce to market. With the establishmei
of this silver-field, a connection will doubtless be made with the railway
J experienced in getting
system; the development of mineral resources that now appear
almost unlimited, would then be rapid and complete. Populotion,
about 2,000.
SINGLETON.—Singleton is situated on the right bank of the
Hunter Hiver, about 29 miles north-west from Maitland. Tho uame
perpetuates the memory of one of the eariy exjilorei's of the Munt<>r
River Valley. .Much of the land in the \-iciuity is alluvial in character,
and well known for its richness, due in a groat measure to the effects
of floods, \^^leat, maize, barley, oats, potatoes, and tobacco, are tho
principal products. Various fruits grow readily. Coal is obtained in
the neiglibouriiood; copper is also found. 'I'lie town, which contains
some fiuo public buildings, forms tho entrepot of a large and important
Northern Ra
It about
distr:
castle, from which
smithpie:
of Prospect Creek
crops. Frait-giT>w
oi-auges and gl'ape
tbe locality, i'opulntion, 28S.
with Î
my Liz
miles. Population, 1,951.
-This to' ivnship is situated near the right bank
a small stre am which flow •s intfl George's River,
liles south-w est from Parr amntta. Much of the
s fertile, am :1 suited to th e production of gi'ainug
is c.irried on extensively •. Large quanrities of
arc sent t;o Sydney for con sumption and export.
^ leather is a n importunt ii idusti-y connected with
origin i aining. On the western
;h lies Wattle Flat, from
een obtained in tbe past. Many
ith very good rosults, Tho town
Turon River, a tributary of the
SOPALA.—Solnlti has
side is the Turon gold-field, a
which large quantities of gold have
of the quartü i-eefa are still worked
is situated near the left bank of tl
Macquarie, and is distant of the ccnntiy
632.
about 25
miles north from Bathurst. Much
occupied for mining purpose.s. Population,
ST. MARY'S.—This township is situated on the left bank of
the South Creek, a tributary of the Nepean, about 5 miles ea.«t from
Penrith, and 29 miles west from Sydney. Tho country around is
closely settled upon, and a considerable area is under cultivation.
Rearing stock and dairy-farm i ng engage attention. Both climate
and soil suit tbe grape, and wine-making is attempted. Lnrge c|nantities
of timber are out in tho neighbourhood for firewood, and sent to
Sydney. Population, 608,
STOCKTON.—Stockton is situated on the uorthem shore of
Port Hunter, opposite the town of Newcastle, from whichit is distant
about I mile. Coal occurs in close proximity. Manufaotaring, and
the various industries which rise in connecticm with shipping in largo
seaport towns, have here a place, and furnish employment ta a considerable
proportion of the population. Ferry steamers ply between
it and Newcastle at short intervals. Population, 666,
STROUD.—Sti-.nid hns arisen in connection with the occupying
and working of one of the largo grants of land made by the Imperial
Government in 1826, The town is situated near the left bank of tho
Karuah River, and is surrounded by country suited to agriculture and
sheep-fai-ming. Extensive forests are found in tbe neighbourhood,
from which are obtained large quantities of very fine timber; it is
sawn, and shipped principally to Sydney. Population, 344.
SYDNEY.—Tho metropolis of New South Wales, named after
Viscount Sydney, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, ranks
as tbe oldest town in Australia, Its eariier history is closely interit
colonization which followed the
1770. With the founding of the
on the 2(ith January. 1788, was laid
ew South Wales. The small colony
vhom 834 were free. Botany Bay
for the convict settlement, but not
capabilities of Port .Jacks
ith the first attempt i
of Captain Cook in
colony by Captain Aj'thur Pliillip
the first stone of the capital of J>
consisted of 1,030 persons, of i
was at first intended as the site
finding it suitable, and the supeiic
harbou
removed, and the small fleet
led, the ships, of w .11,^
s brouj t to a chor a Sydney Cove.
The aborigines, who w
under the pacific administra
gradually overcome. The
Lis part of the
le landing of the n
lopted by Captain I
f civilization were
speedily learnt
of time. As the close of the first century, after the landing of the
white settlei-s, is approached, the powerful tribes of the Gwea-Gal and
Knmilaroi, which had their hunting grounds on tho shores of Botany
Bay and Port Jackson, nro seen no more in the land.
The harbour, on the south side of which Sydney is sitnated, is one
of the finest in the world iu regai'cl to entrance, depth of water, absence
of dangerous shoals, completeness of shelter, and extent of water-way.
Its beautiful nnd picturesque appearance charms all who visit it, and
its almost innumerable nooks and bays give a variety that is at once
useful and pleasing. The rainfall at Sydney and in its neighbourhood
is generally sufficient, amounting to about ."iO inches annually.
The heat of summer is to a large extent tempered by the north-east
winds then prevailing, and the southerly bursters which arise almost
invariably towards the close of very hot days. The thei-raometer,
however, during December nnd -lannary, sometimes rises above 90®
Fahr. when, with the extreme humidity of the air, the weather becomes
very oppressive. Iu winter, and during the greater parr of spring
and iintumn, the climate is cool and pleasant.
The character of the country on which Sydney stands, and for a
considei-able distance nro nnd, is undulating; the city itself, for the
most pnrt, is situated on two ¡.arallel ridges. The ])riucipal streets
are north and south, being crossed by others at right angles. In
many poi-ticns of the town, the sti'eets arc not sufficiently wide, and
vary considerably from the straight line. This is largely owing to
(ttlement preceded survey. Most
modem structures;
, shops, and warehouses
iroportions. Among ¡
the Public Offices, inch
.r Works, and Minister for
I, University, Observatory,
the early days have giv.
of the banks, public buildings, churchei
remarkable for the beanty of their
those of the Colonial Secretary, Jlinistei
Lands, the General Post Office, Town I
, House (tho residence of the Governor), Museum