ATLAS OF AUSTRALIA-IJ
tl.ela«-of 18Ü1,
the products of i
^ves its great
settlei-s «-Uo
p l e t e l y w e
low by this
t awftj- during tlie great floods of
Opoi-sons lost tlieir lives, and over
The present
lisU'ictarc • sugar-canc maizK, potatoes,
.1 climates . In cont lection with the
merous m ills erected for the vnanufac-
.ng counti ry is also 1 I'ich in minerals.
iper, aud antimony a re also known to
a has beei I retarded. to a considerable
t the mout ,h ot the riv er. Great delay
. lad tlioiigli heavy Hoods lia^
notably those of 1867, 1869, and 1870. no ]
disastrous in tlieir effects on the settlers
floods of tlie past that tlie fertility of tte
Gundagfti is also associated -svith mining
the Si)rii>g Flat Diggiugs, in the foi-m of ol
risible and resemble ant-hills in the
and asbestos arc now found in tl
ss has resulted. Thongl
>n lo«- lands, it is to th.
iver-lands is largely due
iterests. The remains o
abandouod claims, are yc
500d quo
was frequeiitly experieuced iu entering or leaving tl
iletrinient and loss of those who bad perishable go
The erection of dykes and a breakwater has doi
buildings a
Hoods whic
i carried on between the Clarencc
lei-s and sailing vessels. G rafton is
r and other industries, inuliiding
vting dock, and patent slip for si
I'U the town. In 1876, the district
inundated the town
s on the vessels,
mucb to removo
•and Sydney,
litre ot sevoi-al
very good n
and %-ine ar.
.ighbourbood. The countn-y
IS, aud some of the quartz, reefs are worked with
In addition to tho nsnal fam\-products, the orange
©UNNEDAH.—(lui
tho ^amoi, a short distai
Couadilly or Mooki Rive
ledaU situated > the left bank of
áth of the
; from
.ippinf
r the -n
Lud the :
ather
selve felt
ght inland by the m<
. and enen-ating effects
feeble constitutions;
ilany fine
isited by heavy
loss of life and damage to
msoly hot, reaching ocihere
being heavily charged with
usoou Aviuds which then prevail,
on the human frame oiake themwitli
the departure north of the
On i\uid
lies about fifty
„ onntry is largely pastom! in chai-acter;
much of the soil is of o V017 good quality, and well suited to
agricultural purposes. Cereals gi-ow readily. Coal hus boeii discovered
in the neighbourhood. The beat in summer is frequently
very oppressive, bnt during the remainder of the year the climato is
genial aud bracing. The North-western KaiKvay Liue passes through
Gunnedah, and provides for tho conveyance of products to the
consuming centres, ilucb of the original forest, containing some
e becomes cool aud genial. On thv whole the
i-ainfall is abundant. Near the coast it reaches an annual average of
50 inches; at Gi'afton, and farther inland, it varies between 25 and 50
inches yearly. Droughts occur here as in other parts of the colony,
but their severity is less felt than iu the districts of the interior.
Populatiou, 3,801.
GK.ENPELL.--i;renfell, situated on Emu Creek, about 3«
miles south-south-east from Forbes, was known up to a comparatively
recent date chielly'in conncctiou with gold-mining. The Weddin
ich lie towards the soiitb-west, about seven mfles distant,
very good timber, reii
of the neighbourhood,
The district is one c
rapid progress since t
Great Northern Railv
GUNNING.—I
Timber-cutting is one of the industries
and employs a considerable number of persons,
if increasing importance, and has shown very
:he extension through it of the branch from the
ray Line. Population,
, of the La
. elevn
from (
Mount
, barley,
5 pier
approachiii
2,000 feet above the sea
u a westerly direction,
) produced iu
I affords good pastuv
•o highly .1
iring the
the s Í for y ot a The Great Southern Railway Line pass
;he district.
for flocks
ir this tuwv
is distant
Wheat,
Naturili
nd herds.
Popula-
[unrtz reefs
•mployed to c
!xist in these i
usli the stone a
of 1 Kstensive
verful 1
jelys
;, and po'
ind separate the gold. The surrounding
n by conditional purchasei-s, and coutaius
lie principal crops ai-e cereals;
considerable areas of very rich si
. ,e g,.ows i-eadily, and finds here a climate and soil suited to it.
Much of the Knd is'occnpied for sheep-farming and veai^mg stock.
The climate is dry, and, except during summer, when the heat
occasionallv becomes excessive, it pleasant. Populatioi
H A R G R A V E S .
the Mei-uo Ci'eek, a suit
hood is settled upon, ai
iug. Gold is obtained
Harg.-aves is
tributary of ^
t from Mudgee.' The land it
devoted largely to sheep-fai
. several localities in the distri
ig River, and lies
u in lUv.
situated
1,6
G R E S r O E i D . - i i r e s f o r d i
tributary of the Hunter which
about 25
5 north from Maitla
ccnpied by
Maize, wheat, barley, o
products of the district,
counti-y in many parts is
some veiy beautiful seen'
GRETA.—This to-<
about ;J2 miles novth-wi
•with mining- The coun
a thiokaess of 13 feel
Great Kortbcni Railwa;
ind provides the
is genial and pleas.
situated on the Paterson Rivei-,
t receives on its left bank, and lies
d. The land in t i e neighbourhood
morous settlers for agricultural purposes.
, aud tobacco, are among the principal
Grapes and oranges grow readily. The
F a pictui-esque description, and possesses
. Population, «6.
ihip, situated in tho valley of the Hunter,
from Newcastle, has arisen in connection
The sm-.'ounding c
saltbush aud other
aud gi-azing. W
.a!-be»ring;oneseams
rked with profitable results The
Line furnishes c
as of conveyance for 1
Papulation, 570.
ituated between the W'y.
.paratia
products of the neighbourhood,
G U I G O N G . - 1 ¡'Jgong,
and the Cudgegong lUvei-, neai
from Mudgee, is a town ot
its rise during ft gold-rush, and
numbering several thousands,
surrounding country is principally a,
in many parts very fertile. Wheat,
gi-own, Mining for gold is still carried
extent compared with that of the past,
GTTNIIAGAI,—Gnndagai is the .
large aud iniportaii
;ce River, about 78 miles north from Deniliquin.
'untry, which consists of V6st plains covered mtli
low shrubs, is occupied chiefly for shoop-farraing
:at-growing has been tried, but the smallness of
-cs with its development. 'L'ho climate is dry and
on the whole, healthy. The to^vn is well laid out,
wide and carefully formed. Tree-planting has
mprovcd the general appeal
itantial buildings. 'I'hc extension
[,ine has increased its importance
iatiou, 2,073.
HEXHAM, -Hexham, sitimt
is distant about 10 miles from
exteusively produced in the neighl
in the district is received here fo
Railway Line passes thiough
H I L L END.—H
Hay
:ial c
north i
i took 1
;e, about 18 miles
recent date. It
from iit
. very large popu lation. valley't
ieil>' of minei-a. The charact
iral in characte. r, and triot, 1»
boricV, and oal •s, are rose iiit
t o n l y ' t o a v e r y l imitcd and th<
1,223.
ural, and took i(
on the right bank o:
jwcastle. Maize t
ii-hood. Coal fi-om !
shipment. The Cir<
Populati
id is situi
;he Macqi
100.
right
I fine sub-
I Railwav
oE the
arie, about 90 miles north-west
nection with gold-mining, The
;hai'acter, and through a sunk
••or. Kvidencesofit^ auriferous
und at an early date in the dis-
t it was perhaps during the disco>
) greatest promiuence. Decli
numerous deserted houses i
872 that Hill Eu.l
has.
f the
;eof «
bidgee Rtent
allu
ided by ¡i large 1
in character. Thled
tlieir holdings tl
•ongh t
lighter
.hich g.
re which came into forco in 1862. Th
lited to agricultural]
place, foi-m sheep-p: The old t.
rict, the imporn
the Murrum- I
jrtile land, to a ^
pied by settlers,
he liberal land |
soils, which are ,
ass aud herbage
HILLSTON.—This town, situated in the plains
is of comparatively recent orighi. It occupies a posi
bank of the l-achlan River, about 100 miles north-east
is the ccntre of a large and prosperous pastoral distric
almost entirely occupied for sheep-fainning, meat «
ei-0)>s have been tried with considerable guCDPSS, but tl
which seldom amounts to 20 inches annually, and on I
tho Laclilaii is very much less, operates against agric.
Population,
id other gi-ainsl
side of
Populauated
0 • the ri desolated and almost c
N E W SOUTH WALES.
3 situated neai
River, about { miles north-east froi
in character, and eqa»
valley of the Huntei
H I N T O N . —H
Paterson mth the i
Maitland, The soil in the vicinity is
in richness to that found in any pai
The country is closely settled upon. iCaize, lucerne, barley, oats, and
potatoes, are among the pi-incipal crops grown, On the higher lands
are found the vine and various fi-ait ti-ees, including the orange,
Somo of the land is devot-ed to rearing stock, Populatiou, 476.
HOWLONG.—This township is situated on the Murray River,
near the confluence with it of Major's Creek, about 20 miles northwest
from Albury. The snrronnding country is undulating, and
generally fertile. ITic settlers produce wheat, barley, oats, maize,
tobacco, and potatoes, Grapes are also grown; the success attending
wine-making in the district has led to more extended operations
in this direction. Large areas are devoted to pastoral purposes.
ILrORD.—lll'orci, a small township iu the midst of an agricultural
aud pastoral country, is situated about 35 miles south-east from
Mudgee. Population, 162.
I L I T K A , - T h i s small township is situated on the left bank of the
Clarence River near its month. Population, 190.
INVEREEL.—luvoi'cll occupies a position on the Northern
Tableland about 42 miles west of Glen Innes, and is the commercial
centre of a large and important district, Through the valley in which
the town is situated runs the Macintyre River, one of the principal
tributaries of the Upper Darling. The surrounding country is extremely
fertile, aud was formerly, chiefly held by lessees of the Crown
who occupied it as sheep-runs. The superior quality of the soil,
however, since the facilities for obtaining small homesteads have been
increased, has led to tho settlement of a considerable rural population,
These settlers cultivate e.-ctensive areas in the aggregat-e, and produce
wheat, maize, barley, oats, and potatoes. GTa))os grow readily; large
quantities are made into wine every year. The difficulty and expense
nveyance of produce to tJie co
hitherto retarded the progresi
remedied when the branch n
upon, has been constructed. T
about 21 inches. Invcrell poss
effect of this is seen in the climate. The mean annual temperature is
about ÔU--5'' Fahr., while that ot Grafton, iu almost tho same latitude,
but -with an altitude of only -10 feet, rises to 68° Fahr. The discovery
of tin has added to tho population, which now numbers about 1,212.
iie district. This will be largely
f line from Glen Innes, decided
JAMBEROO.—lamberoo, one of the towns of the south coast,
within the far-famed district of Illawarra, lies iuland in a northwesterly
direction, about 5 miles from Kiama. The settlers of the
neighbourhood are chiefly engaged in dairy-farming, for which the
mountain slopes and sheltered valleys with their grassy covering are
well adapted. The coantry around is coal-beaiiug. Beauty of
landscape, so characteristic ot Illawarra., is seen here on every
hand. Population, 131.
J E R I E D E R I E . — T h e plains which extend north and north-oast
from this township, between the Yauko and Colombo Creeks, are
among the most fertile portions of Riverina. Jerilderie occupies
a position on the Rillabong Creek, about 50 miles north-east from
Deniliquin; a branch railway line connects it with Narrandera.
Much of the neighbouring coiintiy is suited to the growth ot cereals;
large areas are devoted to the pasturing of sheep. Populatiou, 353.
J E R R Y ' S PLAINS. -This township is situated on the right
bank of the Hunter River, about 15 mile:
country around is undulating iu charact
fertile. It is chiefly occupied for agricul
boon found in tho vicinity. Population, 295.
it from Singleton. The
aud grazing. Coal has
JTTGIONG.-Jiigiong, a small township on tho right bank of
tho Mumimbidgce River, about 23 miles north-east from Gundagai,
lies within a district in which a cansidei-ablo amount of settlement has
taken place. Much of the land is suitable for agriculture, and considerable
areas are occupied as sheep-runs, Po]n.lation, 110.
J E W N E E . -Tlio to\ni of this name has arisen into importance
of the railway line towards Nan'andera aud Hay.
ue distance west from the in-esent town lia-s long
inder f
existence t(
•rted i a differ channel b the
ulway, i ts population
centre. Jt
bidgee Riv
ise and beccmc absorbed
} situated about Ki miles north from the Murriimhas
an elevation of nearly 1,000 foot above sea-levol,
DUtre, it is one, the imijortance of which is gradually
rainfall varies between 12 and 25 inches annnally.
¡strict, though to a large extent pastoral in character,
•y good agricultural land. Among the products are
y, oats, potatoes, and tobacco. Population, .530.
KATOOMBA.-Kai.K,mba is situated on the Great Westorn
Railway Line, about 66 miles from Sydney, It lies at an elevation
of 3,350 feet above the level of the sea, and possesses a remarkably
healthy climate. The air is bracing, and invigorating in its effecls on
the human frame. English fruits grow readily, and produce abundantly.
The country around is rugged and wild, and possesffos much
to attract the attention of the tourist aud traveller. Coal of a very
good quality is obtained in the vicinity; mining furnishu.'« employment
to a large number of persons. About l.J miles beyond tho town,
stands tho Explorers' Tree, which marks the farthest point rcached by
Blaxland, Lawson, and Wentworth, in 1813. The town is o'f
comparatively recent date, and is much in favour for invalids. Population,
250.
KELSO.—Kolso is situated on the right bank of the Macquarie
River, opposite to, aud about l i miles from Bathurat. The country
around is occupied for pastoral purposes ; tho gi'owtb of cereals has
attracted attention of late years. Population, 546.
EEUFSET.—'I'liis town, comprising Ea.sl: Kempsey, Kempsey
(proper), and the township surveyed by tho Government, known as
West Kempsey, is situated on the Macleay River, about 30 miles from
the entrance, and is surrounded by a large and prosperous district, in
which the land is principally devoted to agriculture. The soil is
largely alluvial in character, and consequently possesses a high degree
of fertility. 1'he dense scrub which originally covered these riverlands
is perhaps one of the best evidences of their richness. Cedar
was at one time plentiful, but is rapidly disappearing, and is now only
found in the inaccessible gullies, which collect the upper waters of the
Macleay and its tributarios. Mai« ranks first among tho agricultural
products of the district ; growing sugar-cane was attempted, but
owing to frost, resulted in failure ; recent trials have been more successful.
The lighter -soils aro devoted to grazing purposes. The
immense quantity of valuable timber still found iu the native forests
has led to the establishment of several sawmills on tbe river. Antimony
is found in large quantities at Coraugula, about 20 miles distant,
Mining for this metal has been established as au industiy, and
employs a considerable number of persons. The rainfall is abundant,
amounting generally to over 40 inches annually. Droughts are felt
during some seasons, but their occurrence is neither irec[uDnt nor protracted.
The humidity of the atmosphere renders the heat of summer
somewhat oppressive, but the climate is found to be healthy, and
during the greater part of tho year, is remarkably pleasant, There
are several good substanlisl buildings iu the town. Population, 1,321.
KIAMA.—IGanm, whioii with tho surrounding countrj- forms
part of the Illawarra district, is one ot the prettnest towns on the
south coast of New South AValos. It is built on a small inlet of the
Pacific Ocean, well sheltered on the southern side by a rocky
promontoiy. To the west lie the Saddleback Mountains, a part of
the range which, commencing at Bulli, extends south to the Shoalhaven
River. The country is undulating, and in somo places the hills
ai'e very steep. Conspicuous on those slopes are the Cabbage-palm
and Bangalow, which lend to the sceno a somewhat tropical aspect
that is very pleasing. The predominance of trap has led to the
formation of soil remarkable for its fertility. The proximity of
the Coast Range causes au abundant rainfall. Grazing, dairy-farming,
and agriculture, are among tho principal employments of a large
rural population. Having a slope towards the ocean, for the most
part, the heat of summer is tempered by the sea-breezes which
prevail. The capabilities of the small harbour have been materially
increased by the excavation of an artificial basin completely sheltered
from the southeriy gales which occasionally visit the coast. Near the
town is a very remarkable cave, partly sabmarine, know as the
Blowhole. The sea enters it, and as each huge roller passes into the
mouth, the comprossed air forces part of it up through a hole
in the roof to a great height. During a heavy storm, the geyser-like
cohimns of white spray, sometimes reaching 60 feet in height, present
a very beautiful appearance. Population, 1,200.
KIANDRA.-K-iandra, tho highest town in New South Wales,
is situated iit an elevation of 4,640 feet above the le vol of the sea, and
in the immediate vicinity, the tableland on which it stands, reaches
ail altitude of 5,000 feet. The climate is cool and bracing on account
of the rarity of the atmosphere, and in winter, the cold is inclined to
severity, the thermometer descending occasioually to 8° below zern.
Snow frequently falls, and the accumulations remain on tho grouud
for days, me n this occurs transit is rendered difficult ; under snch
circumstances, Kiandra pi-esents much the appcarance of an Aljjine
village. During summer it is hot at mid-day, but towards evening,
the ground at so great an elevation, cools rapidly; tbe mean summer
temperature does n<it range beyond 55" l'"ahr. In the rainfall, which
is large, amounting to an average of 01 inches annually, we see
another effect of altitude, and proximitj- to the lofty peaks of tho