169. Ficus TOXICARLV, Lim. Mint. 305; Bl. Biß. 477; Mi^. in Lonä. Journ.
Bot. vii. 236; PI. Jungk, öi; FL Ind. Bat. i. pi. 2. 293. t. 20B;
Ann. Mus. Lagd. Bat. iü. 269, 290.—J'. padma, Burm. Fl. Ind. 226.—
F. toxica, Tbaubg. Fic. No. 27.—F. elegans, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor.
76; PI. Jav. Rar. 200; Miq. Fi. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 294.
A small spreading tree, witli the young brauches, stipules, receptacles, and under surfaces
of leaves more or less covered with white or tawny, fiocculenfc tomentum. Leaves large,
membranous, from broadly ovate-elliptic to elliptic-rotund, narrowed above, and with
a short, sliarp terminal apiculus; the base more or less deeply cordate and 5- to 7-
nervcd; the margins minutely serrate-dentate; length of blade 7 to 12 in.; primary
lateral nerves 4 to 6 pairs ; upper surfaces of leaves with scattered, soft, sliort haii-s;
under surfaces densely covered with short, white or yellowish tomentum; reticulations
prominent; petioles from 4 to 6 in. long, flocculent when young, but ultimately
nearly glabrous; stipules elongate, ovate-lanceolate, convolute, densely sericeous outside,
about 1'5 in. long, early caducous. Receptacles short-pedunculate, axillary, in pairs
(often solitary by abortion), depressed-globose, umbilicate, densely covered with deciduous,
flocculent, yellowish or white tomentum; when ripe blackish purple and from 1 to 2 in.
in diameter; peduncle short, thick, hairy like the petioles and with 3 or 4 broadly ovate-acute,
imbricated bracts near i;s ba'se. Male flowers few near the mouth of the receptacles
containing gall flowers, sessile; the perianth of 4 or 5 concave pieces 2 of which are
sometimes narrower than the others; anthers 2, elongate, on short filaments. Gall flowers
pedicellate; the perianth of Ö lanceolate pieces; ovary smooth, ovoid; style short, subterminal;
style in fundi bull form. Fertile female flowers pedicellate; the achene ovoid,
minutu'Iy tuberculaie ; style lateral, elongate; stigma cylindrical, constricted.
Java and Sumatra, at elevations of from 2,000 to 4,000 ft.
Rather variable as to foliage, the leaves of young shoots being often very large,
palmately 5- to 7-nerveJ, and deeply divided into 5 to 7 blunt lobes. The colour of the
tomentum varies from white to cinnamon-brown. Miquol (I.e. tab. XXB) gives excellent
figures (which I have copied) of the two kinds of female flowers (insect-attacked, i.e. gall,
and fertile), without, however, understanding the difference between them.
PLATE 184,—-F. Linn. 1, branch with immature receptacles; 2, branch with
mature receptacles; 3 & 4, apex and base of mature receptacle; 5, stipules—o/naiMrai
size; 6, male flower ; 7 & 8, gall flowers; 9, fertile female flower: all enlarged.
170. Ficus PALMATA, Forsh. FI. JEgypt-Arah. 179 ; Vahl. Symhol. i. 84. t. 24 ;
Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 290 ; Lond. Journ. BoL vii 325.—
F. caricoides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 529 ; Miq. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vii.
224.—J', pseudo-sycomorus, Decaisne in FI. Sinaic. ; Miq. in Lond.
Jom-n. Bot. vii. 227; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iv. 1155.—J*, virgata, Roxb.
(non Eeinw.) Fl. Ind. iii. 530 ; Wight's Icon 649 ; Miq. in Lond. Jom-n.
Bot. vii. 228; Fic. Afric. 130; Braudis For. Flora 419; Wall. Cat.
4507A and B?, 4492A, B, C, D.
A bush or small tree, never epiphytal. The young branches tomentose or pubescent,
• often becoming glabrous. Leaves petiolate, membranous, rotund-ovate, or more often
rotund-cordate, the base 3-ncrved, the apex acute or minutely apiculate ; the margins serrate
or dentate, occasionally with 3 to 5 obtuse lobes; lateral primary nerves 3 to 6 pairs;
upper siu-face scabrous, the lower scabrid or shortly tomentose; length of blade from
1-5 in. to 5 in.; petioles from 1 to 2 in. long; stipules ovate-acute, pubescent, 2 to
cach leaf, deciduous. Receptacles pedunculate, soHtary, axillary, sub-glubular to pyriform,
umbonate, constricted towards the peduncle, tomentose, pubescent or glabraus ; when
ripe yellowish; basal bracts 3 or more, acute, deciduous; from '5 in. to 1 in. in diameter;
peduncles f rom- 5 in. to 1 in. loi.g, pubescent or glabrous. Male fiowers numerous in the
upper half of the receptacles containing gall fiowers, on long, hairy pedicels; the
perianth of 4 or 5 lanccolatc hairy picces; stamens 3 to 6, with short filaments. Gall
flowers sessile or pedicellate, with a gamophyllous, deeply 5-cleft, hyaline perianth; the
ovary ovoid, smooth ; style very short, lateral; stigma dilated. Perfect female fiowers with
perianth like the gall flowers; the achene tiigonous, minutely tuberculate; the style elongate,
hairy, sub-terminal; the stigma bifid.
Plains of Northern India; the North-Western Himalaya up to 3,000 ft.;
Afghanistan; also in Arabia, Egypt, and Abyssinia.
The two forms named F. caricoidcs and virgata by Roxburgh appear to me to be botanically
identical, the only difference between them noted by Roxburgh in his descriptions and
manuscript drawings in the Calcutta Herbarium being in size. F. caricoides he described
from a cultivated specimen sent to him from Lucknow, F. virgata he described from
wild specimens; and in my opinion the former is only the cultivated form of the latter.
I do not see how either differs from the older species paimata of Forskall, except that the
leaves are not so scabrid. And this is a difference that can easily be accounted for by
climate. I have no hesitation, therefore, in reducing both Roxburgh's species as well as
p&evdo-sycomonis of Decaiane to F. paimata, Forsk. Moreover, I find no differences between
the flowers of these four. And I have a strong suspicion that all may be but forms of F. carica,
Linn. In the Linnasan Society's sot of Wallich's plants, No. 4507A (named F. caricoides,
Rosb.) is in my opinion true F. canca, L. Sheet B is absent from the set. In the
Calcutta Herbarium set both A and B are caricoides.
PLATE 185.—F. pahnata, Forsk. A : fruiting twig with undivided leaves. B : twig with
5-lobedleaves. 1 apex of a young receptacle ; 2, stipule—of natural size ; 3, malefiowcr with
3 stamens ; 4, male fiower with 5-merous perianth, the stamens having been removed ; 5, gall
flower; 6, ovary of gall fiower ; 7 & 8, fertile female flowers; 9, achene of fertile feraale
flower: all enlarged.
171. Fious ALiiA, Rcinw. in Bl. Bijd. 467; Mlq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pi. 2. 294,
Supp. 173, 424 ; Ann. Mus. lugd. Bat. iii. 270, 290.—i'. nivea, Bl. Bijd.
476; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 294.—P. mappan, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Supp. 173, 425.—i". gossypina, Wall. Cat. 4488 ; Miq. in Lond. Jom-n.
Bot. vii. 455 ; Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 294 ; Supp. 173, 425.—b i c o l o r ,
Herb. H o o k .—p a l m a t a , Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 529.—J'. Uunteri, Miq.
Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 225; FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 296.
A small tree, with very variable leaves which vary from intensely white to pale
cinnamon-coloured beneath. Leaves long-petiolate, membranous, varying from ovate-lanceolate,
ovate, or sub-rhomboid-elliptic with narrowed rarely cordato base, to rhomboid-sub'
AXN. BOT. GAED. CALC. "VOL. I.