PLATH 115B.—Branch of F. -cxcavaia, King, witli iinniatiire receptoclcs. ' 1, apex of a
reccptacic; base of the same; 3, stipulo-«i/ of natural size; 4, fertile female flower:
enlarged.
149. Ficus LiEVis, Bl. Bijd. 437; Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 278,'293.—
Pognnotrophc ¡cBvis, Miq. FI. Incl. Bat. i. pfc. 2. 3^0; Miq. in Zoll. Syst.
Verz. 9d.~Pognn. Assamir.a, Miq. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 73.—J', vagans,
Koxb. Fl Intl. iii. 537.— ^. emndi, Herb. lud. Or. Hook. fil. and T. Thorns.'
(not of '^¡x\\.).— Pogonotrophc daKyphjUa, Miq. in Lond. Journ. Bot:
vii. 74 ; Ann. Mus. Lug-d. Bat- iii. 293; Thwaites C. P. 233.—F. Ceglanica,
Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd, Bat. iii. 293; Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 75.
A powerful epiphytal climber, occasionally (var. Assamka) a small tree; the young parts
usually glabrous, but not uufrequcntly [jubeseent. Leaves membranous, long-pctiolate, rotundovate
or broadly orate, rarely ovate-elliptic, naiTowing rather suddenly towards the shortly
cuspidate apex ; margins indistinctly dentate towards the apex or entire; base broad, rounded
or emargiuatc, occasionally more or less deeply cordate, rarely slightly narrowed and blunt
or sub-cuneate, i-i- or even o- to 7-nerved (the minor nerves being small); lateral nerves 3 to
4 paii's, slightlj'in-ominent below; intermediate nerves transverse to the former, nearly sti-ai"-ht-
1 eticulations minute; lower surface glabrous, pubemlous, or even pubescent; upper surface
glabroiis, ofren puboi-ulous on the midrib and nerves; length of blade 4 to 7 in.; petioles
l-o in. to 2-5 in.; stipules ovate-lanceolate, -3 to-5 in. long. Receptacles pedunculate, axillary,
usually solitai-y, globular, rarely sub-pyriform, not umbonate at the apex, but with rather a
broad umbilicus, smooth or puberalous (tomentose in var. dai^njjhjUa)] basal bracts 3, small,
spreading, ovate-triaugular; -when ripe gi-eenish-yello-w and from -6 in. to 1 in. across;
jieduncles slender, glabrous, from -5 to I in. long; interior of receptacle between the flowers
densely hispid. Male flowers, occuppng the upper part of the receptacle with the galls,
sub-sessile or stipitate; the perianth of five linear-lanceolate pieces; stamens 2 or 3, eloilgate,
sub-sagittate at the base. Gall-flowers with perianth as in the males; the achene globular,
smooth; the style short, terminal, or sub-terminal; stigma dilated. Fertile female flowers
jiedicellate ; the perianth like that of the males; achene elongated, ovoid; the style terminal,
nearly as long as the achene; stigma bifid.
From the lower slopes of the Eastern Himalaya, through the liill ranges of Assam,
the Khasi and Chittagong Hills, Burmdi, to the Malayan Peninsula and Aa'chipelago, at
elevations of from 2,000 to 5,000 ft.
As might be expected in a species with such a wide geographical disti-ibution, there is
some diversity of form in this species. The only forms that seem, however, worthy of
separation as varieties are the following : —
VAR. 1. DASYPHYLLA.. Leaves more or less adpressed-pubescent on the under surface ;
recejjtacles. and .peduncles completely covered with tawny tomentum.
—Pogonotrophe Ccijlonica dasi/phjUa, Miq., Thwaites, 0. P. 233. This
variety oecm-s in Ceylon to the exclusion of the glabrous forms.
VAR. 2. TOIIENTOSA. Under surface of leaves tomentose; receptacles tomentose or
pubescent; peduncles 1 in. long. Malaya. Not common.
VAR, 3. ASSAMICA. Shrubby; leaves very broad, puberulous, and rather thick
in texture; receptacles in paii-s, with pedunclcs nearly 1'5 in, long, scout
and divergent. Cachar,—A'efiWflJi ; . Dupha Hills,—Lister.
IIoolc. fil. and Thorns. Pogonot. Emodi, il//^'.,—Kha.si Hills.
Ilerl. Ind. Or.
The flowers of all these varieties, as I have satisfied myself by numerous dissections)
are alike.
Miquel identifies F. vagms, Roxb-, with F. macrocarpa, Wight Icon 1965 ; but Roxburgh's
manuscript drawing of F. vagans in Herb. Calcutta shows vagans clearly to be identical with
authentic specimens of F. lavis, Bl.; while Wight's figm'C of F. macrocarpa (Icon 1965) sliow.s
the fruit to be in fascicles on the stem as in F. glomerata.
PLATE 161.—F. laivis, Bl, A: branch of a pubescent form with yoimg receptacles.
B : form with leaf contracted towards the base. C : mature receptacles. 5, triandrous
male flower; 2, 3, & 4, gall flowers (from the same reccjitacle as the male); 1, fertile
female flower (from a different receptacle): enlarged.
150. Ficus SCANDEN,S, lloxl). Fl. Ind. iii 536; Wight Icon 643; Miq. Lond.
Journ. Bot. vii. 452; Ann. Mas. Lugd. Bat. iii. 2S1, 294; Brandis
Fvr. Flora 421 ; Kurs For. Flora Brit. Burm. ii. 455.—F. friiticosa,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 533 ; Wall, Cat. 4501.—i'. crustacea and triplinervis,
Wall. Cat. 4o33A and B .—F . hederacea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 538.
A scandent shrub, often rooting from the stem and branches; young leaves pubescent,
and the young shoots pubescent or glabi-ous; ultimately all parts exccpt the receptacles
glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, petiolate, broadly ovate or ovate-clliptic. with acute or sub-acute
apes, entire edges, and a broad, rounded, or very slightly narrowed, strongly 3-nerved
base; lateral primary nerves about 3 pairs, prominent below, depressed on the upper surface ;
under surface sub-areolar, upper sm-face minutely rugose, slightly rough to the touch when
dry; length oi blade 2 to 3-5 in.; petioles -3 to -5 in.; stipules ovate-acuminate, -25 in. long.
Receptacles pedunculate, in pairs, or solitary by abortion, axillary, globular, not umbonate
but with the umbilicus rather prominent, sometimes constricted at the base into a very short
stalk; scabrid-pubescent when young; when ripe scaberulous, from greenish yellow to red
in colom-, and about -35 in. across; basal bracts 3, united; pcduneles 3 to -5 in. long, ratiier
slender. Male flowers near the mouth of the receptacles containing gall flowers, seissile ; the
perianth of 4 broad pieces; stamens 2, the anthers broadly ovate, sub-sessile; gall flowers
pedicellate; the perianth of 4 distinct, lanceolate pieces; the achene obovate, smooth- the
style short, thick, sub-terminal; stigma hooked. Fertile female flowers in separate receptacles
(and on separate plants), pedicellate; the perianth of 4 linear pieces; achene oblong, smootli,
with a broad pak- margin; style elongate, uifra-apicol; stigma sub-capitate.
On Parasnath, in Bengal; on the lower slopes of the Himalayas, from Kumaon to Bliotan ;
on the Khasi and other bill ranges of Assam; the Chittagong Hill Tracts and Burmali';
the Andamans. Chmbing on rocks and trees at elevations of from 800 to 2,000 ft.
Roxburgh's species F. hederacea and fniticosa are known only from his descriptions,
and from excellent coloured figures prepared under his own direction and now preserved
in the Calcutta Ilerbaiium. These figures agree with each otiier, as do the descriptions
practically. The only differences that I can make out are that while the male flowers
of -.cmdcns and hederacea are figiu'od as monandrous, those of frutieosa are depicted as
diandrous; imd tl,at F. jruHcosa is said to bo non-scandi-nt.