8(3 SY C IDIUM
3- or 4-clef t pcriantli, monandi-ous or cliandrous. Gull flowers pcdiccllcd, ^vith 4-cleft perianth ;
oviiry ovoid, smooth; style lateral; stigma cyliudric.
Malayan Avchipekgo.
A variable and little understood species, very poorlj- represented in herbaria. One form
may bo separated as a yarioty.
VAR. WUKICULATA. Primary nerves nearly horizontal; midi-ib, petioles, and youngshoots
miiricnlat-e — F muriculata, J-fiq.
Kurz collccted in the Andamans a plant very like this, but with nearly smooth entire
leaves, and with longer fruit borne on stout tubercles on the stera. He nan.ed this macropoda
in his Forest Flura of Burmah. But in the absence of good specimens 1 hesitate to describe
it as a distinct species.
Sig. Beccari has collected the typical form in Sumatra (P. S. 772), and the variety in
the Moluccas.
PLATE 109.—Fruiting branch of F. copiosa, Miq. 1, piece of stem and branch with
fiisciclea of receptacles; 2, part of branch with receptacles; 3, lateral view of a receptacle;
upex of receptacle; 5, vertical section of r e c e p t a c l c—o f natural sisc; 6, gall flower;
7, male monandi'ous flower ; 8, male diandi'ous flower ; 9, stamen : enlargod.
Leaves viore or less oblong, tapemig io both base and apex.
100. FICUS EOSTEATA, Lamk Encyc. ii. 498; Vald. Emm. ii. 200; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. 2, 307; Ann. Mas. Lugd. Bat. iü. 274, 293.—Î". rostrata,
L a m ? Bl. Bijd. 465.—/'. quercifolia, Bl. non Rosb. Bijd. 468.—i'.
radioans, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iü. 53ö ; Wight's Icon 671 ; Miq. Lend. Journ.
l?ot. vil 428; Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 306; Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. üi.
273, 292.—-P. acuminata, Kunth et Bouché Ind. Sem. Hort. Berel,
2 1 . - F. acuminata, Herb. Ham. in ^Vall. Cat, 41.78A to D.—i ' . heteropleura,
B l . Bijd. 466—/'. parieialis. var. ovalis, Bl Bijd. 462.—-F. saxatilis,
B l . Bijd. 4(30?—/'. ohtusidens, Miq. PI. Jungh. 59; Fl. -Ind. Bat. i,
pt. 2. 305. - / ' . angulidcns, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i, pt. 2. 310.-/' . raridens,
Miq, Lond. Journ. Bot. vü. 430; Fl. Ind. Bat. 1,0. 309.—/'. Lohbii,
Miq. Lond. Joiu-n. Bot. vii. 233; FI. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 305.—
F. vniglmidulosa, "Wall. Cat. 4,479.; Miq. in Loiid. Journ. Bot. vii. 431;
Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iü. 277, 291 ; Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 309.
Scandent or creepüig; the young branches and petioles scurfy, sub-scabrid when dry, and
with the receptacles more or less harsh. Leaves alternate, membranous, sub-coriaceous,
petiolate, narrowly oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, occasionally obovate-elliptic ; apex with
a long or short, often abrupt, entire cuspis ; edges entire or subsinuate, or with a few coarse
irregular teeth in the upper part; base always entire, gradually (rarely suddenly) narrowed,
acute, or acuminate, strongly 3-nerved; lateral primary nerves 3 to 6 pairs, and, like
the midrib and reticulations, strong and bold; upper surface glabrous and sliining, the
lower slightly pale, dull and harsh; length 2-5 to 8 in,; petioles -25 to '4 in., scurfy;
stipules subulate, minute, -IS in. long. Receptacles sub-sessile or pedunculate, in the axils
of leaves or from the axils of the scars of fallen leaves, in pairs or fascicles of 4. to 6, scabridbispid,
without basal bracts, ovoid and boldly umbonate when young; when ripe globose,
reddish-yellow, from -2 to -3 in. across; peduncles hispid-hirsute, from -05 to '4 in, long.
SYCIDIUIL.
J l a l e flowers with porianth of 3 lanceolate pieces; the anther narrow, elongate, its filamoiit as
long as itself. Gall flowers with short perianth of 3 pieccs; the ovary globular, smooth;
stylo short, lateral. Fertile female flowers with gamophyllous perianth, 2- or 3-partite; the
acbene ovoid, emai'ginate on one side; style lateral, nearly as long as the achene; stigma
cylindric.
Tropical forests, at tlie bases of the Khasia Hills in the Cliittagong and Burmese
ranges. Not uncommon. In the Mala3''an Peninsula and Archipelago very common and
rather variable, but by no means so variable as to warrant the swarm of specific names
M'hich forms of it have received from various authors.
T y j n c a l rostrata, Lamk., has sessile receptacles; the receptacles of the form which
•Roxburgh called rudicans liave pcduncles from -5 to -75 in. long. The differences amongst
the Malayan forms which Blume and Miquel elevated to the rank of species are, on the
whole, inconsiderable; and Miquel himself, in his final revision of the genus, reduced
four of his own species to F. rostrata, Lamk. In the form named vniglundalrtsa by Wallicli
flic ripe receptacles are nearly glabrous. I think it probable that F. pisifera, Wall, (as
I have mentioned under that plant) is only a form of this. F. urophyVa, Wall., is likewise
very closely allied to this. In external characters this and F. urophylla are almost identical,
the only differences which I can see being that the leaves of iirophoylla are more coriaceou.s,
and the peduncles of the receptacles are shorter than those of radicans. But urophjlla is
never scandent; it is always a shrub, and occasional plants of it foinn trees 30 ft. high.
F. radicans, however, has strictly monandrous male flowers, with veiy slight 3-cleft perianth,
which is sometimes altogether absent. The male florets of vrophyHa, on the other hand,
have a 4 cleft perianth, and each contains a perfect stamen and an abortive pistil; and
on account of tliis pistil it falls into the section Palceon%orplie.
PLATE HO.—/', rostrata, Lamk, A, B, C, three forms of leaves. 1, apex of mature
receptacle; 2, base of the same; 3, st ipides—o f natural ; 4, mal e flower; 5, gall flower—/m»
the same receptacle; 6, perianth of perfect female flower; 7, ripe achene of the same:
enlarged.
101. Ficus CLAVATA, W'ill. Cat. 449,5 ; Mtq. in Lond Journ. Bot. vii. 431 ; Ann. Mas.
Lugd. Bat. iii. 275.—/'. h-aclnjcarpa. :Miq. I.c. 430 ; Brandis For. Flora
4 2 1 . - / ' . caudata, Wall. Cat. 4494A; Miq. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 431 ;
Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat, iii. 275.—/' . chincha, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 534?
An erect shrub, the young branches scabrid. Leaves petiolate, membranous, slightly
inequilateral, oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate ; apex abruptly acuminate or caudate; edges of
the upper half üregularly sinuate-dentate, of the lower half entüe; base acute or acuminate,
sometimes obscurely 5-ncrvcd; lateral primary nerves 4 to 6 pairs, prominent on the lower
surface, as are also the veins and rcticulations; both surfaces glabrous, but hard and rather harsh
to the touch, lower surface minutely punctate; length 4 to 0 in, ; petioles -2 to '3 in. long;
stipules lanceolate, -3 in. long, very cadacous. Receptacles short-pedunculate, axillary,
solitary, obovate, or sub-globular, constricted at the base (strongly umbonate, especially in the
obovaie forms); umbilical scales sometimes large, more or less scabrid, often veiTucose,
occasionally smooth; yellow when ripe, and in diameter from -35 in. in the sub-globular to
•5 in. in the obovate forms; basal bracts minute ; peduncles from •! in. to -2 in. long. Male
and gall flowers mixed over all parts of the interior of the same receptacle; the perianth