Bai. iii. 271, 291; Wlgìu's Icon 659; Brandts For. Flora 424; Kurz For.
Fior. Brit. Burm. ii. 4r)6 ; Dah. FI. Bomb. 243.—i r u n c a t a , Valli-
Syrab. Bot. i. 83; Hara. in Linn. Traus. xv. 143-55.—i'. rufesccns, Valli.
Ernun. ii. 203.—il deniiculaia, Vahl. Spnb. Bot. i. 83 ; El. Bijd. 472.—
F. aquatica, Kocnig ap. Willd, Spec. PI. iv. 1133.—i'. scabrdla, Roxb.
FI. Ind. iii. 532 ; Wight's Icon 661 ; Miq. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vii.
229 ; Kurz For, Fior. Brit. Biu-m. ii. 455.—J'. repcns, Willd. Spec. PI. iv.
1149 ; Eoxb. FI. Ind. iii 535 ; Wigìit's Icon 636 ; Miq. Lond. Jonrii. Bot.
vii. 220-—F. rcpens and F. ì-ufescens, Ilam. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 143.
—F. ruhifolia, Griff. Not. PI. Dicot. 399. t. 557. ii, iii ; Covellin Griffithn,
Miq. in Lond. Joui-n. Bot. vii. 467.—F. Assamica, acuHlnha, elongata, and
sxibpandnrcEformis, Miq. in Lond. Joimi. Bot. vii. 226, 227. t. V a. 231,
235.—^. grossidarioides, Bm-m. FI. Ind. Valli ieregam, Rhccdc
Hort. Mal.'iii. 83. t. 62 ; W^all. Cat. 4475A to L, 4521.—/'. exasperata, not
of Kosb. (present in Calcutta set; absent in Linn. Soc. set).
A slu'ub, sometimes creeping on the ground or over rocks, witli shortly pubescent
stem and brandies, the leaves very variable, scabrid. Leaves pctiolate, membranous; general
outline usually more or less ovate-elliptic, but vai-ying from elongate-lanceolate to ovate or
ovate rotund, often iiTCgularly 3- to many-lobed, with the apex more or less acuminate; the
edges irregularly and coarsely dentate or dentate-repand ; the base blunt, rounded, or cordate,
3- to 5-nerved; both surfaces scabrous and covered with short stiff liairs; lateral nerves
from 4 to 8 paii-s according to the length of the leaf (in the much-lobed leaves the nervation
is palmate) ; length of blade 2 to 4 in., petioles varying from -o to 2-5 in. ; stipules 2 to
each leaf, scarious, ovate, glabrous or nearly so, -3 to -4 in. long. Receptacles on peduncles
of varying length, solitary, axillary, spherical to elongated-pyiiform, always witli a more
or less prominent mammillate umbilicus -wliich is but imperfectly closed by bracts, more
or less hispid-scabrid and sometimes verrucose when yovmg; when ripe nearly smooth,
dark orange, and from -4 t o 1 in. long ; basal bracts minute, triangular, glabrous, (in the much
elongated forms appearing to rise from below the base of the receptacle); peduncle
proper from -4 to 1 in. long. Male ilowers with a 3 or 4-cleft gamophyllous perianth
and a single stamen. Gall flowers with perianth like the males; the ovaiy ovoid, smooth,
with short lateral st}-lc. Fertile female flower with gamophyllous 4-cIeft perianth; the
achene subglobular, minutely tuberculate, with a hyaline, viscid external coat; style long,
lateral ; stigma cylindi-ic.
On the plains in the warmer parts of India, in Ceylon, Burmah, and the Malaj'an
countries. Common in grassy places, especially near water.
This is a polymorphic species, and often presents great variety in foliage even in the
same plant. I have examined the types of most of the species of Blume and Miquel which
I have reduced here, and I am convinced that they are mere forms of one widely-spread
species. The only forms sufficiently constant to bo separated as varieties appear to nie to
be the two following:—
1. SCABHELLA (=J ' . scabrclla, lioxb.). Leaves narrow, shortly petiolatc, not
lobed; receptacles shortly pedicellate, globular or sub-jjyriform.
VAR. 2'. VAR. IIEPENS (= F. repcns, Willd. and ROXIJ.) Leaves broad, longpetiolate;
receptacles long-pedunculate, more or less pyriform. Under this
variety falls Covellia GriJJllhii, Miq., of which 1 have seen the type at Kcw.
PLA'IE 04.—I, F. heterophylU, linn, fil., fruiting-branch ; 2, var. scabralla-, 3 & 4, var
repcns—all of natural size ; 5, male flower with 3-cleft per ianth; 6, male flower with 4.cleft
perianth; 7, gall flower with 3-cleft per ianth; 8, 4-cleft perianth of fertile female flower ;
9, ripe achene: all enlarged.
85. Ficus QUEKCIFOLIA, Roxh. Fl. Ind. iii. 534; Wight's Icon 646; Lodd. Dot Cab.
t 1540; Miq. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 232; FI. Ind. bat. i. pt. 2. 297;
Ann. Mus. Lvçjd. Bat. iii. 291.—-F. humilis, Hoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 535; Wight's
Icon 635 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 299 ; Miq. in Anu. Mus. Lugd.
Bat. iii. 271, 291.—-f. sinuosa, Miq. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 232 ; Miq.
Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 291.—il ineonstans, Miq. Lond. Journ. Bot.
vii. 23-2, 330.—i^. Ughndala, Bl. Bijd. 475. - i^. Ujlandulosa, Miq Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. 2. 298; SuppL 173, 426.—-F. anastomosans, Wall. Cat. 4513;
Km-z For. Fl. Bm-ni. ii. 455.—.f. rcpens, Ilcrb. Madras, Wall. Cat. 4546.—
F. montana, Burm. Fl. Ind. 226 probably, but Boi-mann's description is very
mea^'re. —i-'. viuntana, Bm-m? BI. Bijd. 471.
A small shrub, very often creeping and rooting in the ground ; t h e young part s more or less
shortly hispid. Leaves shortly pctiolate, thickly membranous, vaiyiiig in shape from lanceolateovate
or elliptic to obovate-elliptic ; coarsely crenate-serrate, especially in the upper half,
sometimes more or less ii-regularly lobed ; apex more or less acinninate or shortly cuspidate ; base
more or less acute or cuneate, rarely rounded, 3- to 5-norved ; lateral pr imar y nerves f rom 5 to 7
pairs, at r ight angles to the midiib, prominent on both sm-faces ; under surface scabrid, wi t h a few
short stifîLii-s especially on the nerves; upper sm-face sub-scabrid, or smooth and shining; til e
midi-ib and nerves shortly and deciduously hispid; length of blade 2 to 5 in. ; petioles-4 to 1 in.,
hirsute ; stipules 2 from each leaf, lanceolate, -25 in. long Receptacles shortly pedunculate,
usually axillary, sometimes in pairs, rarely from the branches below the leaves ; ovoid or
sub-globose ; scabrid-hispid, prominently uinbonate when young ; w h e n matur e globular, rather
flattmed at'the apex, crimson ; from -25 to -4 in. across ; basal bracts none ; pcdunclcs -20 to -4
in lono-, m t h 1 to 2 scattered linear bracts above then- bases. Male flowers with 1 stamen ; the
anther''broadly ovate; the perianth of about 2 pieces, sometimes absent. Gall flowers with
pei'ianth like the males ; the ovaiy ovoid-globose, smooth ; style short, lateral. Fertile female
flowers with minut e 3-leavod hyaline perianth; the achene broadly ovoid, minutely tubcrculate;
style long ; stigma cylindi'ic. The perianth of all tlie flowers is very irregular and imperfect.
Widely diltributed in Burmah and the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago up to 2,500 ft. ;
growing in crevices of rocks and on the gi-ound.
Rather a variable species, allied to heterophtjlla, Linn, fil., from which it is best distinguished
by its smaller, pisiform, never pyi-iform, receptacles. I have seen tyjoes of most of
the species which I have reduced here. Of F. montana, Burm., I have seen no authentic
specimen, and I presume none exists; but I have seen what Blume considered to be
Burmanu's plaîit. From Burniann's description it is impossible to determine exactly what
he meant. 1 have therefore taken Roxbm-gh's name querei/oUa for the species, as his