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P uiich-bowl b e a rin g N. N. E . half E ., and th e h ig h est p a rt of Diamond P o in t E . b y . S. one-
q u a rte r S.
Sliould it be necessary to en te r th e harbour, th e uiorning is th e best time, as th ere are
then leading winds tlirougli the p a s sa g e ; b u t after the trade wind has set in it cannot be
ente red. I t is necessary to adopt the pre caution of having the boats ready to tow or run
out lilies to th e reefs.
F rom th e o u te r anchorage ru n along shore in iiolliiiig less than eleven fathoms, and
looh out for a larg e gra ss-hut, which stands conspicuous upon the wliarf a t the north head of
th e harbour, on th e we ste rn side o f a new yellow Europe an bouse. W h e n the iiortli end of
this hut is 1« m e with th e eastern chimney of an Europe an built house • , witli a ship’s figure ,
head attach ed to i t f . haul direc tly in for th e opening between the breakers, whicli will now
be seen.
T lie b ar is ab o u t fifty fathoms in breadth, and consists of smooth coral rock, liaviiig
te n fathoms close to its outer edge , ami seven fathoms on the in n er.
W h e n on tlie bar, the Kin g ’s residence (an Eu ro p e an bu ilt house witli a slate-coloured
pointed roof,, situ a ted to the N. E . o f the town, will be open to the westward of the n o rth w
e st Iminmock o f P uncl.-bowl H ill; the before-mentioned mark of tlie b u t and chimney
will also be on, and is to be k ep t so u n til th e outer cocoa-nut tre e in -Wytiete B ay comes
m one with a small rise on th e n o rth ern p art of Diamond Hill. T h e n b rin g the eastern
ta n g e n t o f th e cluster of cocoa-nut tree s n ea rest th e fort, in one with a remarkable saddle
on th e mountain a t th e back o f the town, un til the outer p a rt o f the dry ground on the rig h t
comes on with Diamond P o in t, or u n til a large h u t standing by itse lf on the north shore of
th e harbour is m one w ith f o u r cocoa-nut tree s in a cluster. W ith these marks, s teer for
th e f o u r trees, open th e trees to th e eastw-ard un til th ey are a sail’s-brcadtli a p a r t ; and when
th e fort flag-staff is one w ith the tree s eastward o f the fort, anchor in four aud a qu arte r
fathoms, mud.
T h e se directions will, I think, be in telligible to a person on th e sp o t; b u t I must
re p e a t, th a t no s tran g e r should ru n for this harbour, ex c ep t in cases of absolute necessity.
Should it be attempted, a good look-out from tbe jib-boom end, or fore-yard, will be foumi
serviceable.
In consequence o f tb e sea th a t rolls over th e reef, and breaks in four or five fatlioms
wa te r, it is necessary th a t boats should follow nearly the directions tliat liave been given for
vessels, e x re p t th a t when the ea ste rn p o in t o f the d ry land on tlie rig h t o fth e entrance comes
on with Diamond Hill, th ey may then s te e r for th e south end of a stone wall, wliicli will
be seen on th e we ste rn side of tlie h a rb o u r; and when tlie before-mentioned yellow liouse
opens, th ey m ay steer for th e landing place. Unless th e y adopt those precautions, th ey will
in all probability ru n upon th e reefs, or be upset. And in en te rin g th e harbour, it is
necessary for boats as well as shipping to keep the marks strictly on.
I shall conclude these remarks, th e g re a te r p a r t of wliich have been furnished by
M r, Elson, th e master, b y observing, th a t the wa te r in the wells in the town is unwholesome
u pon a voyage, an d th a t it is p ro p e r to send th e casks up the riv er to be filled.
* The only house that had a chimney in 1827.
t These in one bear N. 20° E. by compass.
T h e depth of water in th e T y p a has diminished within these last th irty yea rs, as th ere are
now not more than nine and a half or ten fe e t water, a t the lowest spring-tides, an d no
vessel drawing more than fourte en or, a t the most, fifteen fe et can en te r a t th e top o f th e tide.
T h e re are no m arks req u ired for this ch a n n e l; b u t with the last of the flood (say three -
q u arte rs), en te r between Kaloo and Kai-kong, k ee p in g ab o u t mid-channel, and when the
western point of the western Kai-kong opens with the ra g g ed p o in t a t th e S. W . ex trem ity
o f th e eastern Kai-kong, keep a little to the northward, and pass th e ra g g ed point a t the
distance of a q u arte r of a mile ; th en s teer mid-channel between the islands, remembering not
to attem p t the channel between th e western Ka i-kong an d the island o f Makarina. T h e
M'ater will now deepen, and w hen the town of Macao opens w ith th e west Kai-kong, and when
the ragged point bears east, anchor in about e ighteen or twen ty fe et w a te r; in which berth
you will have good riding ground over a muddy bottom.
T h e time of high water is . 9 h . 3 0 ra .
T h e tide a t full and change rises 7 ft. l i n . ; ra te about 2 k. 4 f .;
a t th e neap . . 2 1 . . 1 6 .
T h e flood sets to th e northwa rd from th e anchorage, and branches off on mee tin g the
tide settin g westward to th e n o rth of Kai-kong.
N A P A K IA N G .
LOO CHOO.
Ships bound to Napakiang may pass close round th e south e x trem ity o f th e island, and
sail along the we ste rn coast a t th e distance of a mile or a mile and a half. T h e y will then
see a sandy island in latitude 26° 0.5' 50" N ., and longitude 7' 40" W . of Abbey P o in t, which
is the only danger to th e westward o f Loo Choo th a t I am acquainted with, un til n ea r the
Kirrama Islands, or to the northwa rd o f the entrance of N apakiang.
Abbey P o in t a t the soutli e x trem ity o f the p o rt o f Napakiang may be known by its
ragged outline, and by a small wooded eminence called Wood P o in t, s itu a ted about a mile and
a half to the southward of it. T h e mainland here falls back, and forms a bay, which is sheltered
by coral reefs stretching to the northward from Abbey P o in t ; th ey are, however, disconnected,
and between them and th e p o in t th ere is a channel sufficiently deep for the largest ship.
N e arly in the centre of this channel, outside withal, there is a coral bank named Blossom
llo ck , having a good passage on either side of it. T h e channel between it and Abbey P o in t
should be adopted with southerly winds and flood tides, and th a t to the northward with the
reverse. A re e f extends off A bbey Point, which, for convenience o f description, will be called
Abbey Reef. W h e n off A bbey P o in t a rocky headland will be seen, ab o u t a mile and a half
north of the town ; this I shall call Kumi He ad, and npon th e rid g e of high land beyond it
th ree hummocks will be seen to the left of a cluster of tree s. In the distance, a little to th e
left o fth ese , is M o u n t Onnodake, in latitude 26° 27' N. A remarkable rock, which, from its
fo rm , has been named Capstan Rock, will n e x t a p p e a r; and then, to th e northward of the
town, a rocky head with a liouse npon its summit, which I shall call False Capstan H e a d ;
4 p