ATLAS OF AUSTRALIA—1SS6.
to the ROUth-west, eliaiigintf to a soutli course as the entrance to tlie
inlnt is approached. Kouuding' Capo Catastroplie, the coast line
trends to tlie nortli-west, tlie regulai-ity being bi-oten by Sleaford and
Avoid Bays. Coffin's Bay and Peninsula ndd to the broken character
of this portion of the seaboard. Thence the direction followed is
north and north-west, with small doviations caused by Anxious,
Streaky, Smoky, Denial, and Fowler's Bays. From a point beyond
Fowler's Bay to the head of the Great Australian Bight, the general
trend is wcst-nonh-weiit. Thence onwnrd to the westera boundary
of the colony, the direction is a little to the south of west.
The coast line of the Northern Territory of South Anstralio,
taking into consideration the chief inlets, possesses an extent of about
2,000 miles. Its length is considerably inci-eased by the large and
important indentations formed by the Gulf of Carpentaria and
Cambridge Gulf.
Commencing at the 138th meridian, which forms the easteni
boundary of the Northern Territory, the southern shore of the Gnlf
of Carpentaria trends north-west. At the entrance to the Eoper
River, it changes to the north-east, niaiutaining this course to Cape
Arnhem, A coast line, marked with many breaks, numerous islands
and groups, and a general tendency to the west, follows. Reaching
Cape Don, the westei-n extremity of the Cobourg Peninsula, b sudden
turn is Made to the south-east and east, giving rise to Van Diemen
Gulf. The southera shore of this inlet trends west. Beyond Cape
Hotham, a south-west course is assumed to Cape Blaze, and thence for
a short distance it becomes south, ending in the inlet known as
Anson Bay. From Cape Ford to Pearce Point, a south-west direction
is resumed. The remaining portion of the coast lino is governed by
the foi-mation of Cambridge Gnlf. As the seaboard of South Australia
proper and the Xorthei-n Territory shows a tot-al length of over 4,000
miles, the coast line will be to the aggi-egate surface in the proportion
of about 1 mile of the former to 226 of the latter—a result which
compares favourably wiih the colonies of Queensland and New South
Wales.
Ppojecting Points.—The principal headlands on the coast of South
Australia proper are as follows;—
Flint Pomt—Near the eastern boundary of the colony.
Cape Nurlhmherland—On the west side of MacDonnell Bay.
Douglas Poinf—Immediatily south of the 38th parallel.
Cape Banks—Some distance north-wosi from the latter.
Cape Btt/on—Foi-ming the south-east headland of Rivoli Bay.
Cape MaTivi^On the north-west side of the same inlet.
Capei Ltinnes and Dombeij—^Immediately south of Gnichen Bay.
Cape /«/a—North of the :37th parallel, and foi-ming the southera
headland of Lacepede Bay.
Bosiitla South-west fi-om Victor Harbonr,
mwlarnl Head.—On the western side of Encounter Bay.
Land's End and Cape Jcrvis—On the north-east side of Backstairs
Passage.
Ai the eastern extremity of Kangaroo Island, there are Capes
WiUonghhj, and St. Albans, on the north side. Point Marsdeii, on the
south, Cnpe Ganlkeaume, and on the west. Cape EorJa.
Rapid iTcrtrf—Some distance north-east from Cape Jervis.
Schnaj'per Point—On the north-east side of Aldinga Bay.
Sandy and ilangruve Points—Near the head of St. Vincent Gulf.
Slack Point or Eoolyicurtic—iionth of Port Alfi'ed.
Oyster PoiJii—South of the bay of the same name.
iSuifdM« Poini—South from .Salt Creek Bay.
Trouhridyc Pdnt—South-west fi-om the latter,
Point Darenpcrrt—Forming the western headland of Sturt Bay,
Point yorke—On the south-we.st side of I'onl Bay,
At the south-western extremity of Yorke's Peninsula are found
ithine Head, Cape Spencer, Reef Head, West Cape, Eoyslou Head,
Dahj Head, and Corny Point.
Ptdnl Penrce—Opposite Wauraltee or Wandang island.
C'ipe Eliialeth—South from Port Hughes.
Warhurto Potni—Near the 34th parallel.
Point iJiVey—North of Wallai-oo Bay.
Jarrold PoiHi—South of Germein Bay.
LoHy PoiHi—Fast from False Bay.
Gape Drii'ir—North of the Wth parallel.
Cape Burr—South from Dutton Bay.
Cape Hard'j—A short distance south from tho latter.
Point Bolingbroke—East from Louth Bay.
Point Bontnii—^Forming the north-eastern headland of Boston .Bay.
Surjh'^t PoMt/—North-east from Port Lincoln.
Cape D'nnngton—Forimug the eastern headland of Spalding Cove.
Cape Cutastrophi: and liMf Pomi—Immediately north of the 35th
parallel.
Cape Ififes—On the west side of Sleaford Bay.
Pitint Avoid—Forming the south-eastern headland of the boy of the
Point ynidheij—The most southern point of Coffin's Bay Peninsula.
Point Sir /saoc—Forming the western headland of Coffin's Bay.
Point Unmmoml—Some distance north from the latter.
WMingtou Point—0-a the south-east side of Waterloo Bay.
Wellesky Point—On the north-west side of the same bay.
Cape f'inniss—Nearly opposite Waldegrave Islands.
Point Trev?ci«(i—Near the entrance to Venus Bay.
Cape Rarfitocfc—Immediately to the south-west of Baird's Bay.
Cape Blanche—Ljiug immediately .'outh of the 38rd parallel.
Point Wfstall—On the north side of Sceale's Bay.
Cape ¿(tiifT—Forming the northern headland of Covisavi Bay.
Point« Collinwn and Brmm—On the north-west side of Streaky Bay.
Cape Mi^niessij—On the south side of Smokj- Bay,
Cape i>'.E«<ree—Near the entrance to Laura Bay.
Capes Vivcmne, Thevenord, and /?f<rn/i«'i—Headlands opposite St.
Peter's Islaaid.
Point Peter—Oa the west side of Denial Bay.
On the coast, neariy opposite Nuyt's Ai-chipelago, are Point James,
Roeky Point and Point Bell.
Point Sinclair—'Neat the 133rd meridian.
Point Foicler—^Forming the south-west headland of Fowler's Bay.
On the seaboai-d of the Northern Territory are found the following
projections:—
Sandy Head—Soi-th of the 16th parallel.
Cajie Barrorv—At the entrance of Blue Mud Bay.
Cape Beatrice—On the south-easteni extremity of Grooto Eylandc.
Points Grindall and Blane, oiid Cupe S/wVW—Nearly opposite Woodah
Isle.
Cape ffr/'y—Near the 18th parallel.
Point On the north side of Caledon Bay.
Cnpe Arnhem—Some tlisfcance south of the 12th parallel.
Gape TPtilflr/orce—North from .Melville Bay.
Cape Newbald—S^ar the entrance to Arnhem Bay.
Paint Napier—At the extremity of Napier's Peninsula.
Point Bmioiy—Near the .south-western extremity of Klcho Island.
Gape Stewart and FaUe P«mi—Immediately north of the I2th
parallel.
Skirmish Point—On the west side of Boncaut Bay,
Ha,cke>,hiry Poinll—Neav the entrance of Rolling" Bay.
Brnithwaite, Hall, and CiUhbert Points—Immei\(ate\y north of
Junction Bay.
Gallon, Turner, Barclay, and Ross Points—Some distance west from
the latter.
Cape Cocirfci<rn—On the north sido of Malay Bay.
Aymesley Point—Nearly opposite Valencia Island.
Cape Croker—At the northern extremity of Croker Island.
Eigh Point—^At the north-west end of Bowen Strait,
Danger Point—Oa the west side of Raffles Bay.
Smith PniJii—Forming the eastern headland of Port Essington.
Vashon Head—Near the entrance of Trepang Bay,
Gape Doii—Projecting into Dundaa Strait,
Within Van Diemen Gulf are Points Farewell, and Stuart.
Cape Holham.—On the .south-west side of Van Diemen Gulf.
On the north side of Melville Island are Cape Fleeming, Points
Jahleel, Byng, Smoky and Radford, and Cape Van Diemen and Piper's
Head; on the sonth side are Cockle Point, and Gapes Keith and
The following are found on tho coast of B.ithurst Island: Points
Brace, Bereption, Caution and Rocky, and Capes Hehetius and
Fonra-oy.
Point Charles—On the west sido of Beatrice Bay,
Fright Poi?ii—Near the 131st meridian.
Le. Poi»i—Within Shoal Bay.
East and IFcif Poini«—At the entrance to Port Dai'wiu,
Point Charles—West from the latter.
Point maze—On the south side of Fog Bay.
Capes Ford and Scott—Near the entrance to Anson Bay,
Cope Domlmj—On the north sido of Hyland Bay,
Tree Point-On the south side of tho same.
Cape Hay—A short distance south of the Uth |)arallal.
Pearre Point—Forming tho northern headland of Treachery Bay.
Turtle Pflini—West from the Queen's Channel.
Indentations.—The following are the more jjrouiinent inlets on the
coast of South Australia
Discovery Bay—^ear the eastern boundary of the colony,
Rivoli Bay—Between Cajies Mai'tin and Bufton,
Quichan Bay—A little to tho south of the 37th pai^allel.
Lacepede S(tj/—North from Cape .Jaffa.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Encounter Bay—.K large, wide inlet. It r I the vaters of the
Murray 1
) Island there i On the north side of Ki s Jfcjieaii. Bay, and
on the south, D'Estree and Vivonne Bays.
St. Vincent &nlf—A prominent inlet, extending over 100 miles into
the land, Near its eastern margin is situated the town of
Adelaide. Yankalilla Bay, Aldinga Bay, Holdfast Bay. Pmi
Adelaide, Pelican Bay, Port Alfred, Oyster Bay, and Salt Creek
Bay, are smaller indentations within it.
On the southern side of Yorke's Peuiusula are Waterloo, Stwrt,
Font, and Mo
•r (?u?/—This
length of ov
Mundoora Am
Harbour, DiMon
s the largest inlet on tho south coast, having a
• 200 miles. Eardwicke Bay, Wallaroo Bay,
Gtrmein Bay, Backy's Bay, False Bay, Fi'anklin
n Bay, Han-ei/s or Tumby Bay, Luuth Bay, Boston
t, Port Lincoln, and Spalding Cove, ai-e inlets within it.
i Bay—A short distance north-west from Cape Cat-astrophe.
Au-id Jai/—Opposite the Whidbey Isles.
Cojin's Bay—On the north side of the peninsula of the same name.
Hall's Buy—A very wide inlet south of the 34th parallel.
Amiious Bay—An extensive indentation south of the 33rd parallel.
Within it is Venus Bay.
Baird's Bay—A long naiTow inlet north from Cape Eadstock.
Seeak's, Covisart, and Streaky Piii/s—North of the 33rd paraUel.
On the coast opposite Nuyt's Archipelago there are Smoky, Denial,
Mural, and Tourcille Bays.
Fowler's Buy—Near the 32ud parallel.
The head of the Great Australian Bight is situated in about
latitude 31° 30' south, and longitude 131® 10' east.
On the seaboard of the Northera Territory thei-e are the following
indentations
Here the Gvlf of Carpentaria is prominent on account of its vast
extent. Queensland receives the greater share of its effect on the
Limmen Bight—'Rorth of the loth parallel.
North West Bay—At the north of Groote Eylandt.
Blue Mud Bay—In the vicinity of Woodah Isle. Its southern
extension receives the name Benuet Bay.
Caledon Bay—South of Point Alexander.
Melville Bfli/—South of Cape Wilberforce.
Arnhe,n Bay—South of Cape Newbald.
Buckingham Bay—On the south-east side of Napier's Peninsula.
Castlereagh Bay—Near the Crocodile Islands.
Boucaut Bay—West from Cape Stewart.
Junction Bay—Near the 184th meridian.
Malay and Mnuntnon-is Bctys—South-east of Croker Island.
Ba^es Bay—On the west side of Croker Island.
Port Essington—East from Vashon Head.
Trepang Baty—Near the 182ud meridian.
T an Diemen Gulf—A lai'ge inlet east from Melville Island. Within
it are Aitnn, Fbike, and Chamber." Bays.
On Melville and Bathurst Islands there are B<-enton, Lethhridge,
Snake, Shark, St. Asaph, Gordon, and Shoal Bays.
Adam Bay—Immediately west of Cape Hotham.
Shoal Bay and Port Dan««—South-west from Fright Point.
Bynoe Snrhovr and Port Patterson—Boxxth from Point Charies.
Fog Bay—Immediately north fi-om Point Blaze.
Bny—Some distance south from the 13th parallel.
Hyland Bay and Port iT.'ai»—North-east of Cape Hay.
Keys Inlet and Queen's Channel—These ai-e included within Cambridge
Gulf.
Lagoons and TIda
and c
Lakes.-Tidal lakes, and
ineoted with the ocean, ai
St portion of the coast li
;i-ge bodies of water
found, for the most
? of South Australia
inland from the north-
) waters of the Murray
part, on the southproper.
Lake Al.e.anidrina, situated a short distance
cast shore of Encounter Bay, receives th
Rivei-, and has an outlet to the oc(
as the Murray Mouth. Coorong Luke
X long 1 r strip
parallel to the coast line, extending south from Lake AI
and sejiarated from the waters of the ocean by a narrow belt
ind-banks. Lake Albert, also connected with
Lake Alexai
Coorong.
Lrtke George lies
Martin.
Lake Boniiey is
the coast lin
Lagoons and
of the seaboard.
situated a short distance inland from Lake
close to the seaboard, a little to t
he north of Cape
long !iarrow body of water runt
, north from Caj)e Banks,
uiall lakes of this class are found
ing pai-alle! with
Straits.—Both on the coast of South Australia proper, and on that
of the Northern Torritor>-, are several narrow passages or straits,
chiefiy in connection with islands or island groups. Tho following
may be enumerated :—
Backstairs Passage—Bet^veen the eastern end of Kangaroo Island
and the mainland.
Investigator's Sirn//—Sepai-ating Yorke'« Peninsula from Kangaroo
Island.
McGoy Passage—In connection with Sir Joseph Bauks Group.
Thorny Pairaye—Between Thistlo and Gi'iudal Islands.
On the north coast are :—
Lnu-rie's C/ia?i!iKÍ—Between Bickerton Island and the mainland.
Brov-^n's and Cnmherland's Straits—In connection with Wessel's
Islands.
Caddl's Sir«i—Between Elcho Island and Napier's Peninsula.
Macquarie .S¿raí7—Separating South Goulbum Island from the
mainland.
Bowen Strait—Between Croker Island and the Cobourg Peninsula.
Dundas Strait—Forming the northern entrance to Van Diemen Gulf,
Cunningham CfeaiMiei—Separating Field Island from the mainlan<i.
Clarence Sirait—Between Melville Island and the mainland.
Cockhmi Sound and Apslcy SiraiV-Sepai-ating Melville and Bathurst
Islands.
Islands,—Islands and island groups occur on various parts of the
coast of South Australia proper, and also on that of the Northern
Territoi-y. The following on the seaboard of the former may now be
enumerated:—
Hindmarsh and Jli«iid<«) Islands.—Situated in Lake AI exandrina.
Kangaroo Island.—Situated south-west from Cape Jervis, being
separated from this portion of the mainland by Backstairs
Passage. It is of considei-able extent, having a length from
east to west of nearly 100 miles, and a width of about thirty.
Lying near the entrance of St, Vincent Gulf, it, to some
extent, protects that inlet from the storms of the Southern
Ocean. Settlement has taken place at several points along its
coast.
Torrens l i /ai id-Near Port Adelaide.
Gambier, Neptune, Thistle, Hopkiiu, and Iftiiinm« Islands—SitaMed
near t)ie entrance of Speucer Gulf.
Within Spencer Gulf on its westerly side is a numei'ous group,
kuo\m as Sir Joseph Banks Group. On its eastern side is Wauraltee
or Wandang Island.
Whidbey Isles—Off Point Avoid.
Investigator's (ri'oity—Some distance from the coast, off Cape Finniss,
Eyre's Island—At the entrance of Smoky Bay.
Nuyt's Archipelago, St. Peter's Island, and Isles of Si. Fraricis-OS
Denial Bay.
On the northern coast, the following are tho more prominent
islands :—
Sir Edward Pellew's Group—Within the Gulf of Carpentaria, north
of the IGth pai-allel.
Maria and Edward's h-lands—In Limmen Bight, north of the 15th
parallel.
(irnole Eylandt (Great Island), Bickerton Island, Connexion Island,
and Bustard Off Cape Ban-ow.
IFoodaJi Isle, Morgan and Nicols Islands—Sitxxatei near the entrance
of Blue Mud Bay.
Melville Near the entrance of the bay of the same name.
The English Company's Islands—OS. the coast, near Cape Wilberforce.
Mallhons Island—Wm-a Arahem Bay,
IFesíeí's iVioiicís—Extending from the coasd near Point Napier, north
to the 11th parallel.
Elcho Ji/a?u/—Separated from Napier's Peninsula by Cadell's Strait.
CrocodiUi Islands—Near tho entrance of Castlereagh Bay.
Goulburn Islands-North from Ross Point.
Between Cape Cockbuni and Smith Point are Croker, Grant,
Darch, Oicley, Lawson's, McCluer, Tejnpler, Cowlard, Valencia, and
Copeland Islands.
Melville and Bathurst Man d.'i—Large islands near the mouth of Van
Diemen Gulf. The foi-mer being separated from Cobonrg
Peninsula by Dundas Strait.
Within Van Diemen Gulf are Sir George Hope's Islands, Burford
Island, Field I.4and, and Barron Island.
Off the entrance of Adam Bay, in Clarence Strait, are the Vernon
Islands.
Near the entrance of Bynoe Harbour are Indian, Grose, and Qmil
Islands.
Peron's lelaxuls—At the entrance of Anson Bay.
Between Keys Inlet and Queen's Channel are Clwmp and (¿nain
Islands.