A T L A S OF AUSTRALIA—1S86.
call for Inland ti-naii- on the Mm-ray, aud receives lar^e <iuantities o£
wool from the nearesi portions of tbe adjoining colonies, for shipment
at Port Adelaide. Tlio land is of a fei-tile cliaracter, and considerable
areas are placed under cultivation every year, cereals being the staple
products. Population, 1.P2.
MANOOBA.—(Ill the Gilbert Kiver, a tvibiitary of the Light,
about 7 miles north from Saddleworrh, and To railes north from
Adelaide. The adjoining country lies at an elevation of over l,->00
feet above tho level of the sea, and is extensively settled upon for
agriciiltui-al purposes. The soil is fertile, and well snited to the
growth of wheat, of \s-hich large quantities arc produced. Population,
1(57.
MARRABEL.—Mari-abel is situated on tha River Light,
imuiodiately above its confluence mth TothilVs Creek, about 15 miles
north from Kapuuda liailway Station. A short distance west from
the township, there is a range of hills kno^vn as Bachelor's Gap and
Belvidere. Timber of a very good quality is found on the slopes of
these elevations. Settlement has taken place in connection with the
cultivation of the soil. The laud is of a fei"tilG nature, and suited to
wheat-growing. Population, 102.
M c L A K E N VALE.—A small postal township, sitxiated about
4 miles from the left bank of the Onkaparinga River, 21 miles
south from Adelaide, and 4i miles inland from the eastern shore
of St. Vinccut Gulf. The country is of a hilly nature, and
snited to agriculture, wheat being the priucipal product. Population,
14«.
MEADOWS.—I hi the Meadows Creek, about 10 miles northwest
fi'om Strathalbyn Railway Station, aud 21 mile.s south-southeast
from Adelaide. The district is both agricultural and pastoral.
AVheat aud potatoes are the pi-incipal products, (irapes grow readily
in the neighbourhood. From the native forest«, veiy good timber is
obtained. Population, 20i>.
i a E L R O S E . - T h i s township is situated about 14.5 miles, in a
direct line, north from Adelaide, and about S5 miles south-east
from Port Augusta. Immediately to the west is the range which
culminates, about 2 miles farther north, in Mount Remarkable. The
district is, to a considerable extent, pastoral in character, aaid includes
a large amount of settlereent. Copper is found a few miles from the
town. The mean annual rainfall is about 24 inches. Population,
MENIITGIE. - im the eastern shore of Lake Albert, about 10
miles inland from the coast, and 70 miles south-east from Adelaide.
The settlement has arisen in connection with the cultivation of the
soil. The sheep-farming industry also finds a place in the surrounding
country. Population, 7!K
MISSLETON.—Near the head of Eucounter Bay, about 42
miles south from Adelaide. The district is an agricultural one. The
Southern Railway Line connects it with the metropolis and Victor
Hai-bour. The hne to Goolwa branches off to the east at this point.
Population, 130.
MILANG.—Siti.iucd on the north-western shore of Lake
Alexandi-ina, about 40 miles south-east, in a direct line, from
Adelaide. It is a place of some importance in connection with the
trade on the ilurray River, and is connected by I'ailway with the
metropolis. Agriculture and rearing stock are the principal industries
of the district. Population, 2!i0.
MILLBK.OOK.—On rt small creek of tho same name, a
tributary of the Torrens River, about l.i miles north-east from
Adelaide. Low spurs from the Mount Lofty Range divei-sify the
surface of tho surrounding country. lu some places the elevations
are steep and precipitous. Much of the land is suited to agriculture,
and is settled upon. Population, 114.
MILLICENT.—Millicent is situated about 7 miles north-east
from the northern shore of Lake Bonney, about 21 miles south-east
from Beachpoi-t, aud 2!) miles noith-west from Mount Garabier. The
of Í od 1 nundation after heavy
rainfall, owing to the absence of a natural outlet for stoi-m waters.
-Much of the land has been reclaimed from its swampy condition by
an estensivo system of drainage. The soil is very fei-tile, and large
crops of wheat and other cereals are produced annually. "Whan the
rainfall is excessive, cultivation is carried on under considerable
difficulty, and, at times, t i e farmers sustain heavy losses on account of
the destruction of their crops by floods. The railway line from Mount
Gambior to Rivoli Bay and Beachport connects it with the coast, and
provides means of conveyance for the large quantities of grain produced.
Local industry is represented by a flour-mill and sawmills.
Population, esy.
MINLATON.—This small settlement is situated iu Yorke's
Peninsula, about 50 miles south from Moonta, aud 60 miles, in a
direct Ime, west from Adelaide. It is distant inland about 6 miles
•om the waters of Spencer Gulf, and is sur
> the growth of wheat. Communication '
ay of Moouta or Stansbury. Population,
MINTABO.—Xcar the source of
ounded by couiiti-y
ith the metropolis
small tributary of 1
Wakefield River, about 12 miles uorth from Saddleworth, and 70
miles north from Adelaide. The surrounding country is of an
elevated character, being over 1,300 feet above the level of the sea.
The land is fertile, and extensively settled upon for agricultural
pui-poses. The North Railway Line passes tirough it, and provides
means of communioatiou witJi the metropolis. Population, 200.
MOO N T A.—Moouta is situated at the northern end of Yorke's
Peniusula, about 2 miles inland froi
I the waters of Spencer Gulf, and
lies about 81 miles, in a direct
line, north-west from Adelaide,
This township is associated with j
ining, and has its origin in the
copper discoveries of 1861. The i
ines kno>vn as tho Moonta, were
among the richest in Yorke's Pei
insula. The dividends to share-
holders reached a total of over
£1,000,000. Paramatta. Yelta,
Karkailla, and Stuart are other i
:he neighbourhood, but
these have severally proved to be of less value. Mining enterprise
led to the settlement of a considei'able population iu tho vicinity,
and around the seaport of Wallaroo. Dui-ing the early popular
excitement, the number, it is stated, reached 20,000. The gradual
fall in the value of copper has caused a decline iu prosperity.
Many who were attracted to the place by the rumours of its mineral
wealth, have turned their attention to cultivation of the soil, and
settlement has now become extended throughout the peninsula.
Communication with the meti-opolis is by tramway-line to Wallaroo,
about 10 miles, aud thence by the llaniley Bridge and Balaklava
Railway Line. The mean annual rainfall is about 14 inches.
Population, 1,418.
MORGAN-.-Morgan, or North-west Bend, is situated on the
Mun-ay River, at a point where that stream njakes an abi-upt turn to
the south, aud lies about 104 miles noi-th-east from Adelaide. It
derives its importance from the trade on the Murray, and forms a
depot for wool from the interior, and goods from the metropolis. The
railway which diverges fi'om the trunk line at Roseworthy connects
it with Adelaide. Population, 301.
M O R P H E T T VALE.—On Anderson's Creek, about lu miles
south from Adelaide, and 3 miles inland from the waters of St.
Vinceni Gulf. The disti-ict is an agricultural one, wheat and other
cereals being the principal products. Climate and soil suit the
growth of the grape. Population, 64.
MOTTNT BARKER.—This township is situated near the
source of Mount Barker Creek, at the foot of the mountain of the
same name, being about 20 miles south-east from Adelaide. The
fertility of the soil throughout the surrounding country has led to a
large amount of settlement. Wheat is the principal product. Grapes
and other fruits graw readily. The township of Mount Barker lies at
an elevation of over 1,300 feet above the level of the sea, and possesses
a pleasant and genial climate. The railway line to Milang and Victor
Harbour passes immediately to the east of it, and provides the means
of communication *vith the metropolis. Industrial enterprise in the
neighbourhood is represented by a foundry, engineering w
Hour-mill. The mean annual rainfall is about 80 inch
Popu
lation, 752.
MOUNT PLEASANT.-Near the source of the Torreu
River, about 9 miles east-north-east from Gumeracha, aud 30 milt
east-north-east from Adelaide. The district is, to a lai-ge extent, a
agricultural one, wheat being the priucipal product. Gold has receutl
been discovered in the vicinity. Population, 342.
MOUNT TORRENS.—This small township is situated i
the midst of an extensive wheat-growing area, aud lies about 12 mil«
.rth-east fi'om Balh
of Mount Torreue
The mean annual r
N A I R N E . - ;
miles south-east f
are produced annui
tho township of K:
metropolis. Nairn
level of the sea, ar
tiial entei-prise
obtained c
5 bein of a
infall is about 30 iuches. Poj
ituated on a crcek of the sa
3m Adelaide. The land is of
led upon. Lai-ge crops of whe
lly. The railway line to the V
igston passes through it, and
lies at an elevation of over
possesses a geuial and plei
e neighbourhood is i-epresei
ig works. Populati<iu, 49li.
N A R A C O O R T E . - ( i u a creek of the
es inland from Laeepede Bay, and M miles m •th froiiiGambiarton.
liefly for pastoral purposes,
•ttlements in this portion o
ed m places ì
The township
lie name, about 20
a fertile character.
It and other cereals
ictoriau bordDi' and
,200 feet above the
It climate. Indus-
S O U T H AUSTRALIA.
sheep-farming industry. The district is a prosperous oue, and lias
increased iu importance with the completion of the railway line fi'oiu
Adelaide to Boi-der Town, and its connection with the line terminating
at Kingston. Tho situation of the towu is pleasing, aud its
general appearance is attractive. Many of the buildings are both
ornamental and substantial. Lake Omerod, which lies a short
distance to tho west, i-oceives the waters of Naracoorte Creek. The
mean annual raiufall is about 21 iuches. Population, 890.
NAVAN.—Situated ou tho Gilbert River, about. 10 miles south
fi'om Saddleworth. aud 50 miles north from Adelaide. The surrouuding
country is occupied for sheep-farming aud agriculture. Popu-
NOARLUNG-A.—(ill the right bank of the Onkaparinga
River, about 3 miles from its mouth, aud 20 miles south from
Adelaide, The settlement is supported by general fai'miug, wheat
being tlie staple prodnct of the locality. The vine is extensively
cultivated. The mouth of the river foi'ms a safe harbour for shipping.
Population, 150.
NORMANVILLE.—Normauville, or Port Yankahlla, is a
seaport towu ou the eastern shore of St. \'^iucent Gulf, about 40 miles
south from Adelaide. There is much natural beauty in the situation,
and a large share of the ordiuai-y facilities for enjoyment usually
associated with watering-places. The port is the outlet foi' a considerable
quantity of pi-odnce, aud affords a convenient harbonr for
shipping. The raiufall amounts to about 20 inches annually. Population,
178.
NURIOOTPA.—Near the right bank of the North Para River,
a tributary of the Gawler River, about 88 miles, in a dii-ect line,.
north-east from Adelaide. Communicatiou with the meti-opolis is by
way of Preeling Railway Station. The district is, to a large extent,
a wheat-growing one. The vine is successfully cultivated. Popula-
OAKBANK.-Ncar the left bank of tho Oukaparinga River,
about U miles uorth from Balhannah Railway Station, and 16 miles
east-south-east from Adelaide. Tho surrounding country is settled
upon for agricultural pui-poses, Wneyai-ds and orchards being numerous
in the vicinity. The scenery is simple, but interesting, aud has much
in it to charm tho lover of rural beauty. Gold and copper occur in
the neighbourhood. Population, 111.
O R R O R O O . - ( )u Pekina Creek, about 52 miles south-east, iu a
straight lino, from Port .Augusta, and 22 miles north-west from
Petershui-gh. The district is. to a large extent, agricultural, wheat
bemg the principal product. The Terowie and Port Augusta
Railway Liuo passes through it, and furnishes tho means of
comunicatiou with tho metropolis. Population, 314.
P A L M E R . -.Situate,! on Reedy Creek, a small tributary of the
Murray River, about 10 miles north-west from Manuum,"and 34
miles east from Adelaide. The atteution of the settlers iu the surrounding
couutry is divided between the pastoral and agricultural
industries. Population of district, 500.
PALMERSTON.—Palmerston, the capital of the Northern
Territory of South .V.ustralia, is of comparatively recent origin. It is
situated on a small peninsula on the north-easte.-n side of Port
Darwin, and lies about 2,000 miles north-north-west fi-om Adelaide.
The occupation of the Northern Territory resulted from the favourable
accounts of several explorers. The survey of the town took place iu
1870. Subsequently, gold was discovered iu several parts of the uew
territoi'y; this led to a cousiderable influx of minei-s and others.
Exaggerated reports of tho i-ichness of the fields produced some
e.'ccitemeut in Adelaide. Though a lai-ge amount of gold has since
been obtained from this part of Australia, the expectations of the
first discoverers were uot realised. Tho gold-bearing areas include
both ciuartK aud alluvial workings. In 1872, the Overland Telegraph
r,iue was completed to Port Darwin, at which point it is now connected
with the .lava, Singapore, aud Indian Submarine Cable. Copper,
silver, aud iron are also found in various parts of the Northern
Teriitory. Tho countiy extending inland is suited to the growth of
various tropical plants. Large ciuantities of maize were produced by
some of the early settlers. Sugar-caue, iudigo, tapioca, cinchona,
coflee, aud rice, grow readily. Considerable areas are now devoted
to the pasturing of sheep aud cattle, the native grasses being rich aud
nourishing. Tho timber is of a varied character, in some places being
light, in others heavy, with dense belts of scrub on the banks of
several of the rivers. There are various species of eucalyptus, pines,
palms, banksia, and other trees. On the coast, aud uear the margin
of^ the tidal watei'o, niang.-oves, some of them attaining a very large
I'almerston is the outlet for a very large extent of country, and
the commercial centre of the trade of the north coast. With the
development of the varied resources of this poi'tion of Austi'alia, it
nil. ith out doubt,
treme heat o
of c si dor
er is modified by the monsoon winds
which prevail, aud the te)idency to fevers and diseases of a tropical
climate is very much reduced by the elevated position of the town.
The streets are well designed, and mauy of the buildings, especially
those devoted to public purposes, are of a substantial character. The
mean annual rainfall is about 63 inches. Pofiidation of district,
PEKINA.—Ou Pekina Creek, about 3 miles south-west of
Orroroo Railway Station, aud 148 miles north from Adelaide. Wheatgrowing
is the principal industry of the locality. Copper occurs iu
several jiarts of the suiTOunding country. Population, 70.
PENPIELD.—A small postal township, situated about 16 miles
north from Adelaide, and distant about 4 miles north from Salisbury
Railway Station. The district is agricultural iu chai'acter, wheat
being the principal product. Large quantities of fruit are grown in
Population, 143.
PENOLA.-Penola is situated in the south-east part of tho
colony, within about 8 miles of tho Victorian border, and lies about
80 miles south from Narracoorte Railway Station, aud 32 miles north
from Gainbierton. The settlement, which arose in connection with
])astoral enterprise, owes much of its progress, in the past, to that
industry. A considerable area of the surrouuding country is now
occupied for agricultural purposes. Grapes aud other fruits gi-ow
well. The mean annual rainfall is about 28 inches. Population,
763.
PBNWOB.THAM.—Situated about 1.5 miles north-west from
Saddleworth Railway Station, and 68 miles, in a direct line, uoith
fi'om Adelaide. The surrounding counti-y is suited to sheep-farming
aud agincultiu-e. Population, 102.
PETERSBURGH.—Petoi-sburgh lies about 50 miles northeast,
iu a straight line
i-aiiway, from Adelaide. The district is, to .
one. Gold has recently been discovered ii
])ayable results have yet to be obtained,
connected with Adelaitle by railway, lines p
Hergott Spi'ings and Port Augusta, in the
Port Pirie, in the south-west, and to the silv
the New South /•ales 1 )rder, in the noi
1,700 feet abov<
lorth, by
large extent, a pastoral
the neighbourhood, but
In addition to being
proceed from this point to
le north anil north-west, to
Iver-bearing countiy across
;h-eaKt. The position is an
the level of the sea. This
s due 0 the p nity of tl le of the Flin
Populatic
P O I N T MCLEAY.-Si
Alexandrina, at the northern •
Lakes Albert aud Coorong, a
•s Range.
lated ou the sou
itremity of the
3ut 52 miles south-east, in a direct
oi-e of Lake
a formed by
line, from Adelaide. The countiy extending back from the lakes
includes large tracts of a level character, and is suited both to
agricultural and pastoral pui-poses. A considerable area is anuually
placed under cultivation for wheat. There is a Mission Station in tho
neighbourhood for the aborigines. Tho waters of the lakes abound
iu fish.
P O I N T STURT.—A small postal township on the southwestern
shore of Lake Alexandrina, about 50 miles south-east from
Adelaide. The adjoining countiy is occupied for agricultural and
I ) a s t o r a I purposes.
P O R T AUGUSTA.—Port Augusta is a commercial centre of
considerable importance, aud is situated near the head of Spencer
Gulf, on the eastern side, being distant north-north-we at from
Adelaide, in a direct line, about 172 miles. The harbour, which
marks the northern limit of navigation iu the Gulf, has been improved
by dredging, aud affords ample ac
lodation for shipping,
addition to communication by railwa;
r with Adelaide, a steamer i-uns
regularly between the two places.
A very large portion of the
])roducts of tha interior here find a
n outlet. The exports include
wool, wheat, flour, copper, hides i
.ud tallow. Its importance in
regard to commerce may be gathered
fi-om the following statistics of
the value of its imports and exports o
vei' a period of five years :—
'I'he country around is largely pastoral iu chai'acter. P
Augusta is the starring point for the Great Northern Railway Li
The mean annual rainfall is about ¡J iuches. Population, 757.
P O R T BROUGHTON.-This towuship is situated on
inlet of Spencer Gulf, on its ea-stern side, known as Mundoora Ai
aud lies about 100 miles, in a direct line, uorth-north-west fr
Adelaide, and 30 miles north-north-east from Wallaroo- It forms i
outlet for a large area of agricultural country, extending back fr