Î iir
55
part of tlic yei
iect high; bt
f e e t
0
II ilic
nk gro
inosi beautihil Pa!
irkiibly stniglii, oil
enty i
...•ral is only aboii
equally thick, and
e Mdabar
ned up to this tree, \vl
isefui in those parts.
to forty orlifty
dies in circumpanicularly
black peppe
renders it ie(
VENTILAGO MADERASPATANA.
Garbi. Sem. 1. p. 223. toi. 19,
Yerra-Chir
Leaves ahern,
ily of tlie Tolingas,
-pe tided,
saw'd, smooth; thn
Paniclc terminal.
Floxoers very nnii
o-faced, egg'd, most f
ches long.
small, dirty-greejiisli colouv; smell ^
0, not unlike that of Sterculia fcstida.
Calyx. Cor'ol, Mclaij, Slaviais, and PUtH, as in Rhamn.is J u j n t
Cnjisule globular, size of a pea, surrounded near the middle \
the remaining nectary, and terminating in a long linear m
bi-anous wing, one-cell'd, not opening of itself
Seed solitary, round.
A large, climbing, woody shi
incultivatcd places among tlie n
eason. It is generally dicecious
CARISSA CARANDAS.
Linn. mani. 52,
s directions.
Caronda or Carau
Waaka of the Tel
Kalaaka of the Ta
Tiimh, when it has any, irregularly bent
Bark grey.
Branches and BranchleU very numerous, a
standing nearly at right angles, rigid, •
Thorns constantly in pairs, at the divisior
vays two-fcrk'd,
iund, smooth,
of the branches
branchlets only; opposite, horizontal, very strong, round,
smooth, exceeding sharp ; frequently two-fork'd.
Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, oval, obtuse, smooth, hard, shining ;
their insertions remarkably regular, always one pair below
the fork, crossed with the thorns, and another pair between
the forks, where there are no spines.
Piduncles terminal, generally in pairs, each less than an inch long,
rally three beautiful milk-white, jasmine-like
flov
Bracte, a small one at the insertion
Gnlyx, Carol, Stamens, and Pislil, aj
Beiry single [never two, not even
size of a small plum, but of
ripe, shining black.
Seeds generally eight, oblong, com
3f each pedicel.
:limentofmoret
e lengthened for
This is a very common, large shrub,linib, orirregul or irregularly arlyfo
formed, small,
ramons tree, growing in most wild,I, woody, dry,dry. ui
uncult
flowers in February. Alarch,
d April. Fnii t ripe
August.
Theshrul. makes exceedin
strong fences; the n
strong sharp thorns rendering them impassable.
The fiuit, just before it is ripe, is employed to make conserves
of various kinds; and also to pickle: for which uses it is superior to
every other fruit in the country, not even the Mango e.xcepted.
When ripe, it is universally eaten by the natives, and is tolerably
pleasant to the taste, even of an European,
78. ULMUS INTEGKIFOLIA.
Naulie oftheTelingas,
Tnink straight and high. Bark a little scabrous, dirty-grey colour.
Branches nuinerotis, spreading so as to form a laj ge shady head.
Leaves alternate, two-faced, short-petioled, egg'd, though sometimes
hearted, entire, smooth, shining; from three to five inches
long, and about two broad.
Slljmlcsl»iv:t6. falling.
Floxucrs hei-maphrodite and male mixed, from little gems over the
naked branchlets.
itive of forests and other
; flowers during tiie cold Calyx, or Carol, fou
oval, falling.
Filamenls seven, eight, or nine,
Anthers linear, erect, two-lobed.
Germ above, inverse egg'd, end
Styles two, short, incurved, per.
Sligmas acute, >voolly.
Captile pedicel'd, orbi
cell'd, one-valved.
Seed onz.
six-leaved; leaflets sprcadin
dingly short.
, leafy, c
)pening.
Calyx and Stamens a
Pistil: no rudiment
above
The first parts of the fl.
then reddish; i
calyx
naked eye, but
unperceived.
It is a very lai ge timber tn
flowers during the cold seasor
npress'd.
and becomes visil
if not looked for.
they are
le to the
may pass
re of the Circar mountain!
¡leaves about the close of il:
wet season, but ihey come out again in March,
The wood is by ihe natives reckoned of a good quality, and en
ployed for a variety of uses.
79. BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA.
Rett. ohs. 5, j>. S'l.
Arundo Bambos. Linn. .^pce. plani. 120.
Mulleap Vedroo oftheTelingas.
Mungilor Munkil ofihe Tamuls.
Stems (I fear to call ihem culms,) numerous, from ten tc
dred, from the same root, for some ten or twenty fc
57 BAJinOS AKUNDINACEA.
then bending gendy to one side, piped, jointed, undivided,
but with inntnnerable, very ramous, alternate, winding, twofaced,
spreading, branches.
Thorns double or triple, alternate, on the joints of the brandies and
branchlets; when double, a branchlet occupies the centre;
when triple, the largest thorn stands there; they are remarkably
strong, sharp, and somewhat reciirvate ; sometimes they
are wanting, particularly in a very rich moist soil.
Leaves sheathing, two-faced, most short-petioled, linear-lanccd,
upper side and margins backwardly hispid, broad at the base,
fine pointed; from two to six inches long, and half or three
quarters of an inch broad; bi:t in the rich moist soil on the
banks of the Ganges, they are from two to four inches broad,
and about a foot long. Sheaths somewhat downy, with a few
short, bent filaments, on each side of the mouth,
Injlorescence. When in flower, the tree is generally destitute of
leaves ; and, as the e.Ktremity of every ramification is covered
with flowers, the whole seems one entire, immense panicle,
composed of innumerable, somewhat verticill'd spikes; each
verticil is composed of several two-ranked, oblong, pointed,
sessile, rigid, spikelets.
Calyx common, calycled, from two to six-flower'd, two or threevalved:
(iin) valvelets equal, oblong, concave, smooth, and of
a firm texture, scales round the base, (/-) small, oval, number
uncertain ; they are also often common to ;
rile spikelets.
Hermaphrodite Flowers one, two, or three, below
Calyx no other than the above described.
Carol two-valved: the exterior valvelet rather tli
r a i n
aale.
poll ited, smooth. rtilag
. oblong,
inflcctcd, concave behind, and frin;
elevated margins of the posterior cor
J^utary: three inverse egg'd scales embi
stamens and germ.
Filaments six, insei ted round the base of the germ.
Anthers linear, incumbent.
Germ oval,
single.
Stigma two-cleft: divisions plumose.
Seed (t) firmly closed in
Male Flowers from one t
Calyx none.
Carol, JVeclary, and Stan
Pistil none.
ilvelet oblong, margi
witi •
'ity.
.d the
.rol, is very like oats, and about the
above the hermaphrodite,
in the hermaphrodite.
It ddights in r
lakes, among the
i c h i >Ì5t soil, such as the banks of ri ulcts ^
;ssary to mention the various purposes to wliicli this
lilt is applied in India, as they are already generally
Tabasheer or taba.tir of the Moors, Arabians, and Turks; Vedroo
Paloo (milk of bamboo) of the TeUngas ; and Mungil Upoo (salt of
bamboo) of the Tamuls ; the substance so well described by Dr.
Patrick Russell, in Vol. Ixxx. of the Philosophical Transaciions of
London, is found in the cavitics of the joints of ihis sort.
TlieTamul physicians pretend that the root is a diluent; that the
bark cures eruptions; and that the camphire,
r salt (tabasheer
cures all paralytic complaints, as well as flatulen....,es,
and poisons.
The leaves are esteemed a powerful emmenagogm
hdd also by the Chinese.
The seed is used for food, iu the manner of rice.
SO. BAMBOS STRICTA.
Male, or solid Bamboo.
S;idannpa Vedroo of the Tdingas.
wise they a
Thorns oftener w
inJloresccnce
bular,
of the
n the common sort, othe.
i' dense, s
icil ci wded, 1
Calyx as in the last, except tin.
to two or ihree spikeleti
herraaphrodii
Carol two-valved;
ger'd point;
perceive any
B, arundinacea. Verticils sessile, glonulingenlirdythebrandilei.
Spikelets
inked, &c.
cales are longer
;l seldom more than thn
erior valvelet downy, wii
er valve as in B. arundii
:tary.
Pistil woolly. •
Slignui two-cleft, thread-form.
Seed as in the last.
and common
generally all
le calyx,
ry sharp dag-
I could not
This is evidently a distinct specie:
is not near so large, has a much smal
Its great strength, solidity, and straighfness, render
for a variety of uses than the common sort; and ii L
employed by the natives to make shafts to their speat
•y straight,
nuch fitter
articularly
81. APONOGETON MONOSTACHYON,
Lhm.suppl.iii. Thunh.nov. gen. plant. A. p. 73.
the root.
îthcTelinga of the plant, and Namma Dui
It the base lieai'ted,
! from three to six
icrted at
Rool tuberous, perennial.
Leaz/es radical, long-pctioled, linear-oblon;
pointed, entire, smooth, three-five-net
inches long, and about one broad.
Scape as long as the leaves, a litde striated, perforated by i
pores, lengthways.
Spdh elegantly winding, dosely surrounded with flow»--«
Braetes, Calyx or Coral, two wedge-form concave petal
the base of the two fissures between the inferior and two superior
germs; permanent.
Slatmis always six, shorter than the braetes.
Anthers blue,
Gc;»s three, surrounded by the stamens.
Cap-Kles three, |5ointed with the remaining style, smooth, one-cell'd,
four- to eight-seeded.
Seeds oblong, inserted into the base of the capsule.
There is a variety, if not a distinct species, with hedge-hog'd
two-seeded capsules, but in all other respects the same.
It i of shallow, standing,
are fond of the roots,
:t water. Appeal
:h are nearly as g,
•aight,