15 16
in longtli towards [lie top, so iliai dieir apiccs are nearly horizoiu;
iI (coryraljc-likc) oiie-ilowcrecl.
Flowers prcLty lai'gc, yellow; the one or two lowennosi arc hcrmapliixxIiLe,
above all male.
l-Icrma[>kro,lite Howers below.
I'cdmKk (of the rtowei) so long as to elevate the flower above the
earth about one inch, hairy, threc-siclecl.
Cuhx none.
Pelah six, oblong, spreading, withering.
Filaments six, very short.
Anlhers linear, ei-ect.
G<-m sessile, lanced.
Sl)'lc very short.
SUgvw. large, tailoring, apex three-cleft.
Cajmdc, when a germ, shews three cells, with the rudiments of
six or eight seeds in each; but when the seeds are lipe, the
ntiraber is only from one to four, and they seem as if in a
trans|>arciit fleshy onc-ccllcci capsule, and separated by a
spongy ilesliy siibstanee.
Seeds from one to Ibur, shining, black, beaked.
M<dc Flown-.',: FechncU, Corel, and Slcmai as above; the Germ, Slyle,
and Sligiiia are ^va^t!ng.*
A native of shady uncultivated places about Sarauleotah, though
by no means common. In my garden it flowers all the year I'ound.
H. MIMUSOPS ELENGI.
Liun. Spa. Plani. 197.
Pagadoo ofthcTclingas.
Magadoo oftheTamuls.
Kunki of the native Portuguese.
Trmik erect, in general from eiglit
Bark prett)' smooth.
Branches cxccedincly numerous, spi
velve fee 3 the branche
preading, with the extremities asso
as to form a most elegant globular, thick head.
:e, short-petiolcd, approximated, declined or depend-
'ed, very hrm, both sides a deep shining green, three
iiches long, and one or one and a half broad.
iîoei.'.v biennis, fusirorn
sc^Miosi
' Description by Docior Kocnig.
, ni|0!,i, nigis anniibdbus, coiiicc fusco Ic nc s<]uainis
FcHa radicaiia. fMciciil-idni con feria, creda et i-eciii iciiinknem, lincaacnsis,
pilisiiuc rarioiiljiis Ic.n|Ì5 :ilbis a(Ui>crsi, pecUIii.
vix Mipn, ICHTitn acgulwm. süiaCus, :.lbu5, sq.ian.is scwiosis foliisqu«
obvol,i(i;s, brcvissimiis. FU,a ¡nnxm supri lar.im prominuli, ßscicuhlim confcili,
pc<IiinculMl. Falmm/i crccù, coiilpi-cwiu.sculi, subalali, I«si Icnulores, oilis i-ariorii.
li. longi. :.lbis ;i(l5i>cr5Ì,
5>/;m.nûmi,li)-lla,lmeari-oblo
ubo noi ¡s
longilucliiic tulli corolla:, g
palliti^:, i„t.
iiMUm. lon.
. Tuks fiiifonnis, |iil
oiicara, ovaio <ibIoiig3
a.pilis,
a, [.alcim
cslra tiibom corollii aiinacus, pyi-aniidalis
giratb, ciliaiis, ¡nnmi loiliiosis, corolla brevior. Sli^m ol.tiis
Ca/mla »iib(cri-Mica, limaii-oblonga, uiiiiiquc acuta, liiqiictra, levili
vispollicnris, craisiucpcnns:3iiseriii;c, aJba. Simm o ad s,
lU, bilocuhris,
eight, short, clubbed, bowing, imdi-
Slipitles small, lancec
Peduncles axilhti )-, fr
vided. onc-flov
Flomers middle-sized, depending, white, very fragrant.
Perianlk below, eight-iea^•eU in a double row: leaflets lanced, four
exterior leathery and huger, permanent.
Tube of the Cord very short, fleshy; border (it may be divided into
a double serie.s of segments and a single nectary, or a single
scries of segments and a double nectary, the first method I shall
follow) composed of a double series of segments: the exterior
consists of sixteen, spreading; the interior of eight, generally
contorted, converging; all arc lanced, and a little torn at tlieii
the base, inserted
of the tube, coii-
J \ W 7 eight-leaved, conical, ragged, h:
alternately with the filaments into t
verging.
Filamenis eight, shoit, haiiy.
Anther.'i linear, sharp-pointed, below two-parted, converging.
Gervi egged, hairy; in it are always the rudiments of eight seeds.
SlyU awled.
SUgma generally a little l agged.
Bmy o\-ai, size and shape of an olive, generally one-seeded.
Seed ova!, compressed, smooth, shining, ches nut-colon red.
1 have only oncc found this in its wild state, it was on the moim
lains in tlic Rajahmundry Circar, where it grows to be a middle sizec
tree. On account of its fragrant no\\ ers it is uiu\-ci-sally planted ii
the gardens of the natives, as well as in those of all the Europeai
nations in India, It flowers chiefly during tlie hot season.
The flowers arc sacred to the Hindoo gods.
15. MIMUSOPS HEXANDRA.
PaUaof theTelingas.
Tninl erect: frequently when old it has large rotte
arly e
Bark ash-colonred.
numerous, spreading, extrc
large shady head.
Leaves alternate, petioled, broad, wedge-form, or inverse-hearted,
deeply end-nicked, very hard, both sides a deep shining green,
three to five inches long, and one and a half or two broad.
Pdioh rotmd, one or one and a half inch long.
Peduncles axillary, from one to six, crect, or spreading, nearly as
long as the petiole, dubbed, undivided, one-Jlowered.
Flojoers considerably smaller than the former.
Calyx below, six-leaved, three interior, and three e.xterior: the
•e lea .ery.
Ccro/one-petaled: tube very short; border like
sists of two rows of segments, the e.vterior tw
, compre
Mectary situate bet^vee
ing, shorter, and
Filavi ails si.x, spread il
AiU/m-s oval.
Pislil as in the former.
Bmy as in tlie former
This is a large tret
parts of the Cirears ;
I the former, but .spread-
: deeply indented.
of the mour
cidtivated,
17
vated plae
lUSOl'S HEXANDRA.
: hot and beginning of the wet
The wood is remarkably hard and heavy, for tl
nuch used b)- the washermen to beetle their cloth
CESALPINIA SAPPAN.
Liiin. spec. Plaid. 515.
Duckan-chitto of theTelingas,
Sappan Wood Tree of the English.
Trunk irregular, the largest twelve feet or more in .
very thin, ash-coloured, that of the branches
lotind .scabrous tuberosities, each crowned wi
somewhat cui-vcd prickle; these dro|j as ih
large. The young shoot.? have the prickles
tuberous receptacles,
Brniic/ie.s few, spreading, irregularly armed as abo\
sharp
5ncd.
Leaves al tern
:iptly twice feathered, oblong, from twelve to
3ng; feathers ten to twelve pair, Leajlels oppoto
site, from e ig hi
nicked, smooth
broad.
fourteen pair, somewhat rhomboidal, endthree
quarters of an inch long by three-eighths
rally a,
Sapulcs oblitiuely li
Panicle terminal, large, coi
Pcd7mcle and Pedicels roim
Brads hmced, concave, oi
Flozueis very numeious, pi
Calyx KB in the genus,
Carol: the four lateral peti
stnall and streaked w!
Slamen ascending towards
Sligma tubular,
Leg-ame rhomboidal, three .
much compressed.
Seeds three or four, very rar
hard, lis
•f die feathci
:cd, failing.
:, composed of many simple race«
roimdand smooth,
e, one-flowered, falling,
s, pretty large, yellow, without si
Is equal, the upper (there is
th red,
he upper coloured petal,
nches long, one and three-qu,
ilyfiye, oval.
I three prickles
e compri
ell,
one below)
id. smooth,
Thif
unong tl
ry valuable tree I lately discov.
nountains wliich separates tin
minions, where it grows to be a
wet season. Seed ripe in Jam
:e is by no means common on
abovementioncd mountains tl
red to be a native of that
Cirears from the Berar
very large tree. Flowers
iry and February,
is only
t I ha-
: also a
.vild.
of the south-west frontier of the Bengal province,
and proljably of many other pans. The markets over India are
supplied with wood from Siam, and the Malay countries to the eastward,
I have some thousands ofyoung trees about the Company's
pepper plantations, which thrive well, and in the couiie of a few
)'ears will be full)- as large as what is generally met with at market,
although, like others of this nature, the colour of the wood improves
by age, and ought therefore to be left till the colour has attained to
its utmost degree of pcrlection. The uses of this wood in d)'ing are
numerous throughout Asia; it is an ingredient in the red dye of
this coast, commonly called the Chay dye, as may be seen above
under the description of Oldenlandia umbellata.
Where a cheap red is required for cotton cloth, this wood is em-
18
ployed byourTelinga dyers, but tliey cannot make it stand; their
general process is as follows ; suppose for four yards of bleached
cotton cloth. It must be well washed, to take out any remains of the
quiek-lime, &e, tiscd in blcaching; an infusion of half a pound of
powdered caducuy in a pint and an halfof cold wjacr strained, is
employed to prepare the cloth, which Is done by wetting it twice
in the same infusion, drying It between and after, Next day it is
twice wetted in a strong solution of alum, and as often dried in the
stm, Next day a decoction of the sappan wood is prepared as follows;
take one pound of sappan wood in powder, water twelve
quarts, boil it till a third is consumed ; divide the remaining eight
quarts of the decoction into three parts, one of four, and the other
two of two quarts each; into the four quart.s put the cloth, wet it
well, wring it gently and half dry it; it is again wetted in one of
the small portions, and when half dry, wetted for the third and last
time in the other remaining portion of the decoction ; dry it in the
sliade, which finishes the process.
This wood seems possessed of nearly the same tpality as Braziletto,
its infusion and decoction are heightened by alkalies, and
destroyed by mineral acids ; a .soltition of tin in aqua regia precipitates
from die infusion abcauilful crimson coloured lake; the wood
itself is orange coloured, without smell or taste; it gives to spirits a
saffron colour.
Thi; I if it ; a very jjroper pro]) Ibr pepper
vines to run on. lam now making the trial; should it answer,
the cultivation of pepper over these parts of the coast may be rendered
exceedingly profitable; for when the vines have done bearing,
the sappan wood will liave acquired more age, and of course
more colour than is generally met with, and will consequently sell
for a higher price, probably as much as will dei'ray the pxpence of
the whole culture, and the rent of the land during the time it J.as
been occupied by the pepper vines.
The numerous thorns, with which this tree is covered, render it
veryproperforhigh extensive fences, which will afterwards become
profitable. It is of a pretty quick growth; in two years from the
tnne (he seeds aic sown, if in a pretty good soil, tliey will have
attained to the height of eight or ten fecE. and begin to /lower and
bear seed; abom the same time the centrc part of the stem begins to
acquire colour, which yearly improves in qtiality, as well as in-
Roxlurgh'.
S W J E T E N I A FEBRIFUGA.
upky, printed by order oj Ike East India Company.
Swietenia Soy
Edinh. 1791.
Soymida of the Teling;
Dxauan leni, inaug. de Szuiclcnia Soymida.
Tr^mk very straight, rising to a great height, of a great thickness,
and covered with a grey, scabrous, cracked bark.
Branches numerous, the lower S2>reading, the higher ascending,
forming a very large shady head.
Leaves alternate, about the extremities of the branchlets, abrujxly
featiiered, about twelve inches long. Leajlels op])osite, very
short, petiolated, three or fourpair, oval, obtuse or end-nicked
the lower side generally extending a little further down on the
petiolet than die upper, smooth, shining, from three to five
inches long, and from two to three broad, the inferior smallest
FelioU round, smooth, about nine or ten inche,? lone.
Stipules none.