THE EUROPEAN BRISTLE EERN.
TRICHOMANES RADICANS.
T. fronds pellncid-mcmbranaccous, ovate-lanceolate or triangnlar-
ovate, tri-quadri-pinnatifid; tlie racliis evcrywliere, and tlio npper
part or tho whole of the. stipes winged; ultimate segments linear,
entire or obtusely bifid ; involucres cylindrical, scarcely two-lipped,
solitary in the axils of the U2>per segments, moré or less margined or
winged ; rhizome long, creeping, tomentose. [Plate CVII A.]
T r ic h o m a n e s r a d ic a n s , Swartz, Fl. In d . Occ. i i i. 1 7 3 6 ; Id ., Syn. Fil. 1 4 3 .
Willdenow, Sp. Plant, v. 5 1 3 . lloolcer, Sp. Fil. i. 1 2 5 {exc l. s y n . H ym.
rupestre R<atlJi, a n d T. anceps W a lli c li ) . Hooker <£• Arnott, Brit. Fl. 7 e d .
5 9 1 . Deakin, Florigr. Brit. iv . 1 1 9 , fig . 1 6 1 5 . Bahington, Man. Bril. Bot.
4 e d . 4 2 8 . Moore, Ilandh. Brit. Ferns, 3 e d . 2 5 5 ; Id ., Ferns o f Gt. Brit.
Nature Printed, t . 4 8 . Neuman, Hist. Brit. Ferns, 3 c d . 2 8 3 . Sowerhy,
Ferns o f Ot. Brit. 7 2 , t . 4 1 . Bentham, Handh. Brit. Fl. 6 3 8 . Sprengel,
Sijst. Yeg. iv . 1 3 0 . Presl, Ilymenopliyll. 16 , t . 2 B . Nyman, SyU. Fl.
Europ. 4 3 4 . Loxoe, Nat. Hist. Ferns, v i i i. t . 11.
T r ic h o m a n e s s p e c io s u m , Willdenow, Sp. Plant, v . 5 1 4 . Sprengel, Syst. Veg.
iv . 1 3 1 . Presl, Hymcnoffiyll. 1 6 . Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns, 2 e d . 3 0 5 .
T richomanes europíbum. Smith, Bees' Cxjclop. x x x v i . A r t . Trichomanes.
T richomanes iiib ern ic itm , Sprengel, Syst. Veg. iv . 1 3 0 .
T richomanes b rev ise tum , B. Broxvn, Hort. Kew. 2 e d . v . 5 2 9 . Smith, Eng.
Fl. 2 e d . iv . 3 1 1 . Presl, Hymenopliyll. 1 6 . Mackay, Fl. Hih. 3 4 4 .
T r ichoma nes a la tum , R. Browxi, Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1 5 9 , i n ofis. Hooker,
Fl. Lond. iv . t . 5 3 .
T r ichom a ne s py x id if e r um , Hudson, Fl. Ang. 4 6 1 . Bolton, F il. Brit. 56,
t . 30.
T r ic h o m a n e s u m b r o s u m , Wallich, Cat. 16 5 .
T r ic h o m a n e s SCANDENS, H edwig ,F il. Gen. w ith . fig. ( t. 6, e x c l. s jm .)
T r ic h o m a n e s d ia p h a n u m , Humholdt Bonpland et Kunth, Nov. Gen. Plant, i.
2 5 ; a c c o rd in g t o S p re n g e l.
H ym eno phy llum a la tum . Smith, Eng. Bot. x x . t . 1 4 1 7 . Willdenow, Species
Plant. V. 526.
H y m e n o p h y l l u m t u n b r id g e n s e , Smith, Fl. Brit. i i i. 1 1 4 2 .
D id y m o g l o s sum a l a t u m , Desvaux, Prod. 331 {exc l. s y n . S c l ik r .) .
Var. A n drew sii: fronds lanceolate-ovate ; primary divisions
narrow, and, as weU as the secondary, distant; involucres immersed;
receptacles much elongated. [Plate CVII B.]
T t ic i iom a n e s r a d i c a n s , V. A n d r e w s i i, Moore, Handh. Brit. Ferns, 1 e d . 1 3 9 ;
3 e d . 2 5 5 ; Id ., Ferns o f Gt. Brit. Nature Printed, t . 48 C. Newman,
Hist. Brit. Ferns, 3 e d . 2 9 2 , w i t h fig u re . Bahington, Man. Brit. Bot. 4 e d .
4 2 8 . Deakin, Florigr. Brit. iv . 120.
T r ic h o m a n e s sp e c io sum , v. A n d r e w s i i , Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns, 2 e d . 315.
T r i c h o m a n e s A n d r ew s i i, Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns, 2 e d . 1 4 .
T eichoma nes b eev ise tum , 0. An d r ew s ii, Ilm fr a j, F ra n c k Anal. Brit. Ferns,
5 c d . 67.
Caudex black, creeping, elongated, tomentose, covered with small
thick-set articulated dark-ooloured jointed hairs. Fih'es black, stout,
branched, densely tomentose.
Vernation circinate.
Stipes variable in length, from one-fourth to one-half the entire
length of tho frond, terete, margined above with a narrow membranaceous
wing, which is sometimes continued nearly to the base,
whore it is clothed with articulated hairs ; lateral, adherent to tho
rhizome. Hachis everywhere margined with a narrow momhranaoeous
wing.
F-onds six to twelve inches or more in length, peUucid-memhran-
aceous, dark olive-green beooming darker when dry, quite smooth,
ovate-lanoeolate or triangular-ovate, more or less attenuated at the
apex, tripinnatifid or quadripinnatifid. Primary divisions (pinnæ-
like segments) ovate-lanceolate ; secondary ones ovate, obtuse, cune-
ate at the base ; tertiary ones oblique oblong ; tbe ultimate lobes or
segments oblong, toothed, the teeth short, linear, entire emarginate
or bifid. In highly developed fronds of the triangular form the
secondary divisions are often longer and comparatively narrower,
and the ultimate divisions are more distant. The teeth at the apex
of each series of divisions are frequently more elongated.
Venation consisting of a series of forked ramifications {veins) of the
wiry ribs which issue alternately from the main rachis and enter
the primary divisions ; these are everywhere bordered with a pellucid
wing of the same loosely cellular texture as the frond itself. The
lowest anterior branch of these veins {veinlet) in the ultimate segments
is, in the fertile fronds, oontinued beyond tho margin, aud
forms the receptacle ; but in the barren portions the apices of the
veinlets do not quite reach the margin.
Fruotification scattered over the fronds, extra-marginal, i. e. the
tubular involucres are projected outwards from the margin, the
opening being exterior. Sori consisting of sessile spore-oases,
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