close of tlie dry season, and therefore very hot and
dry.
Aug. 10th.—Leaving Pudi for the Marudu, we took a
N.N.W. direction; Madalon, thesourceof the river, bearing
295° from Pudi. Curious rumours about the Marudu
native chiefs had bee$ current ever since we left
Kinoram. Kambigging, a very friendly chief, asked
me not to go there. “ I took h e a t; and Gensalong (the
Marudu chief) did not want either heat or me.” After
some difficulty, however, we persuaded a guide to come
with us, and pushed on in earnest.
Having crossed several streams, we got a splendid
view of the Bornean highlands, with Nabalu towering
far away above all the others; although Waleigh-
waleigh, Nonohan, and Tumboyonkon are of no inconsiderable
height. Shortly afterwards we crossed the
Tonaran, running E.N.E. into the Marudu, which it
enters on the right bank, rising to the east of Madalon,
while the Marudu rises on the west. Madalon is about
4500 feet, a long high ridge, separated by a wide
valley from the igneous mountains of Borneo; and
composed, judging from the rivers, entirely of limestones
and sandstones. Our course being still N., we
crossed several tributaries of the Tonaran; one of
these, which entered the Tonaran on the left bank, we
followed for some distance, but at length left it to the
south, and climbing a high hill, we descended, and once
more struck the Tonaran, running N.N.W.
Our road now lay right in the bed of the river, and
we had many opportunities of examining the boulders
in the bed, and of seeing capital sections of strata
exposed by the river. The boulders consisted exclusively
of limestone and sandstone. The former was
a hard, blue stone, similar in appearance to the mountain
limestone of England; the latter a coarse-grained,
lightish-yellow rock, hard, and but slightly ferruginous.
The limestone in places contained veins of the crystallized
carbonate of lime, and often interbedded clays
of a reddish and sometimes greenish colour, evidently
altered by pressure, as the cleavage of these clays was
quite slaty in character.
Travelling down the river-bed we soon arrived at
the junction of the two sources of the Marudu, the
Tonaran rising to the west, and the Nonohashan, or
true Marudu, rising to the east of Madalon. The
course of the Marudu from Madalon is N.N.E., while
the Tonaran runs N.N.W.; from the junction of the
two streams Madalon bears S.S.W. At four we
arrived at Pampang, the first of the chief Gensa-
long’s villages. Pampang: 1 house; old man, Louma-
haigne, but under Gensalong; 10 families, 26 men,
and 30 women. Pudi to Pampang about twelve
miles.
The people here were also “ praying me for rain,”
and would not be convinced that it was not in my
power to alter the state of the weather.
Leaving Pampang we still continued down the river,
passing the village of Moligo, arrived at Gensalong’s
country, Madanao or Kombaione, early in the afternoon.
I explained to Gensalong, who received me in a
very friendly way, that I did not intend to damage
his country, but that I had. been informed that there
existed both birds’-nests and antimony in the neighbourhood.
He said he did not know of any, and, indeed,
could say certainly that there were none, and he pointed
out that had such things existed in his country, they