recent period, as all the strata from Madalon is of
recent aqueous origin. The object of our journey
being ascertained—I had satisfied myself th a t the
Marudu rose in Madalon, and did not run from the
range of igneous mountains—I determined to go back
to Kinoram.
•Mr. Beveridge.returned from Kudat, where he had
been getting stores and men. Everything was now
ready for our journey up the Kinoram, which I proposed
to make in order to see if the river gave any
further specimens of the native copper which has been
found by a Dusun on one occasion lower down the
river, at the junction of a tributary called the Kias.
II.
July 31 st.— Up the Kinoram to the head-waters.—
"With the intention of proceeding up the Kinoram
River to the head, and exploring the whole of the
bed in the height of the dry season, I left Kinoram
house on the 31st of July with Mr. Beveridge,
two Chinese gold-washers from Sarawak, one Malay
gold-worker, and twelve Malay police and carriers.
Mr. Beveridge has already made one trip up
the river, which has two sources, one from the S.E.,
which he examined without result. He was twelve
days up the stream, endured many hardships, and was
at last obliged to return on account of sickness. We
all arrived at Mumus to-day, and put up for the night
in the Dusun house there.
Travelling right up the bed of the Kinoram River,
and walking over boulders, which are here only small
in size, we arrived at Kias (the spot where the native
copper was found) in an hour and a quarter. Erom
here the new work of our trip begins, as the Kinoram
has been thoroughly explored up to Kias, and, indeed,
examined right up to the head of one of the sources
by Mr. Beveridge. There remains the second source,
or the one from the S.W. Tumboyonkon was bearing
S., 10° W. from Kias as we commenced our journey
again, and the weather charming.
As we proceeded, our road became worse and worse,
and about two miles up the river we came to a very
difficult place—a long stretch of deep and rapid water,
with precipitous cliffs on either side. I t took us until
night to get past this obstacle, which, however, we
managed to do by clinging on to the almost impassable
face of the cliff by roots, trees, or any other hold we
could get. The men with heavy loads had a very hard
time getting past. The moment we were over, we
pitched our camp on the first place which offered, and
got some huts made as quickly as possible. I noticed
that the rock along the lower portions of Tumboyonkon
is limestone, of which there are many boulders in the
river, together with pieces of a dark, fine-grained
syenite, which must come from above.
Terrific work all the next day (August 2nd), climbing
over immense boulders, where a slip would simply
be fatal. Great landslips have occurred all along the
stream, and enormous boulders have consequently
blocked up the bed. The river flows along the spur
from Kina Balu, which, running N.N.E., culminates in
two peaks, Nonohan-t-agaioh, 8000 feet, and Tumboyonkon,
6000 feet—the terminal mountain of the spur.
One branch of the river runs through a rugged ravine
from Nonohan-t-agaioh, and this is the true Kinoram.
Q 2