to-day, and walking some five miles, direction W.N.W.,
arrived at Mumus. Our course now lay along the
Kinoram for about two miles, but we left the river at
Kias, and struck across country in a H.W. direction,
towards some high hills in the distance. Arrived
towards night on the banks of the Pengopuyan, a
tributary of the Marudu, we pitched our camp there
under the shelter of some cocoanut-trees. We are only
about three miles from Kias, and the country is called
Lobah. The whole of the lower parts of the hills are,
or have recently been, under cultivation. The district
presents no features of interest, and is composed
entirely of sandstone.
Old man, Kambigging, chief of Pengopuyan, came
down last night, and goes with us to the source of the
Marudu. He advised me not to go down the river, as
the chief, Gensalong, very much objected to my coming.
Leaving our camping-place, we continued our N.W.
course, getting a fine view of the mountain in which
the Kinoram has its source. This peak is called
Honohan-t-agaioh (about 8000 feet). Nonohan has no
special meaning; in Dusun t-agaioh means the great,
Labuan to fetch clothes, provisions, &c. Smith, being ill, returns
to Labuan before going to Sequati. I shall be waiting my goods and
men from Kudat on the 27th of April, by which date I shall hope to
hear from you.
“ My route has been the following, and much of it was perfectly new,
and I the first white man I’aitan' to Lamoutle (Labuk Eiver),
Tander Batu, Punjah, Tamponlon, Sujalitan, Kajibanjan, Tampias,
Tonaononin, Donalai, Bendonen, Senendan, Bejaj, Niasanne, Ehaua-
jhaua, Tuntaul, Danao, Sinoront, Kolijan, Lasus, Bundo, Mituo,
M i r a l i , Munuis, Kinoram, and I have been travelling since March 1st.
“ Ever yours very sincerely,
§ (Signed) F r a n k H a t to n . ”
the “ t ” being merely put in for the sake of euphony.
It was bearing 203° from the spot above the Pengopuyan,
while Tumboyonkon gave 162°, After repeatedly
crossing the Pengopuyan we arrived at the foot of
Madalon, which is about 4500 feet high, was distant
about two miles, and the highest point bearing 305°,
At noon we crossed a tributary of the Toaran, or
Marudu River, called the Sorab. The boulders of
sandstone here were mixed with some huge masses of
conglomerate, the cementing material in the latter rock
being silica. We shortly afterwards arrived at Pudi,
a Dusun village on the slopes of Madalon, and here we
put up for the night. Pudi: old man, Lounsah ; houses,
3; men, 12 ; women, 16; the place being about eight
miles from our last night’s camp.
From Pudi our route to the head-waters of the
Marudu lay over a huge ridge, from the top of which
we had a splendid view of the whole of the mountainous
part of Borneo. The principal peaks were bearing as
follows : Tumboyonkon, 147°; Nonohan-t-agaioh, 170°;
Waleigh-waleigh (i.e. a house), 185°; Nabalu, 195°;
Sayup, 200°.
Descending from the hill we came down into the
Toaran, or Marudu valley. Here the river is merely
a torrent rushing down from Madalon. Taking a
north-north-westerly course, it flows through vast tree-
covered valleys, and between high cliffs for miles and
miles. Following down stream some distance, I came
upon a splendid section of cliff, with contorted ferruginous
clays interstratified with beds of limestone,
dipping at an angle of 20°, W.N.W. The natives say
that Kina Balu was, many years ago, on the sea-coast.
Geologically speaking, this might have been so at a
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