book w 'm i r to th e m o u th o f th e Sun, a n d f ro n t th e n c e b y Fr-ahe-.
s / , “ pole, Zamoifc, and Rubieffow, to the Bog. From the Bog
“ the limits are carried along, the frontiers of Red Ruffia to
“ Zabras upon the borders of Voihyniii Vnd Podolia; and
“ from Zabras in a ftraight line to the Dnieper, where it re-
“ ceives the rivulet Podnorts, taking ip a fmall flip of Po-
“ dolia, and daftly, along the boundaries Separating Podolia
*i from Moldavia.”
A remarkable circumftance attended.the-taking pofleflion
of this diflriit, which will fhew with what uncertainty the
limits were at firft traced. The partition being made according
to the map of Zanrroni, the river Podhorts was.
taken as the eafterrt boundary of thfstdifmembered province;
but when the Auflrian commiffioners vifitedthe fpot, where
according to Zannoni the Podhorts flowed into the Dnieper,:
they found no river knbwn to1 the inhabitants which
anfwered- to , that name-. Th,ey advanced,, therefore, the
frontiers- ftjjl more eaftwards, and,adopting the Sebrawee or.
the Sbrytz for the boundary, called it,the Podhorts. This
ceded country has, fince the partition, -phanged its name;,
and is now incorporated into the Auflrian dominions under
the appellation of the kingdoms of palicia and Lodomeria,
which kingdoms fome antierit- diplomes reprefent as fituated.:
in Poland, and fubject to the kings of Hungary : the moil
convincing proof that there ever exifted fuch kingdoms,
that they depended upon Hungary, and ought, by. virtue
qf an hereditary though dormant title, to revert to the em-
prefs as fovereign of .Hungary, was derived from the Auflrian ,
army ; for what people can refill: an argument backed by
200,000 troops, unlefs they can defend their fide of the
qneftion by an equal number? -
' : x The.
The importance o f this acquifition to the houfe of Auflria ch a p .
will beft appear from the number of inhabitants, which,. * ,
according to the numeration made in 17 76 *, amounted to
2,580,796. The mountainous parts of Galicia and Lodomeria
produce fine paiture ; the plains are moflly fandy, but
abound in forefts,. and are fertile, in corn. The principal
articles of traffic are cattle, hides, wax, and honey. Thefe
countries contain mines of copper, lead, iron, and fait, of
which the latter are the moil valuable.
We orofied only a narrow flip of Auflrian Poland of about
86 miles in length from Bilitz to-.Cracow,, leaving on our
right hand a chain of mount Crapak, or the antient Carpathian
mountains. The country we. pafled through was at
firft fomewhat hilly, but afterwards chiefly plain, covered
with forefts. The, roads were bad, the villages few and
wretched beyond: defcription ; the hovels all built of wood
feemed full of filth and mifery, and every thing wore the
appearance of extreme poverty.
July 25. About noon we arrived at the Viftula, the-
limits of the Auflrian dominions,, which reach to its fouthern .
banks. According to the partition treaty, this river was
marked as forming the limits between the Auflrian and Po-
liill territories : the houfe of Auflria at firft conflrned the
Viftula to mean the old channel of that river now dry, called ■
the Old Viftula ; and by force of this flrained interpretation .
included Cafimir in the difmembered province ; but not •
long afterwards the emprefs of Germany reftored Cafimir to .
the Poles; and accepted the Viftula as: it now flows, for the
boundary of her dominions.
Having crofled the Viftula by a bridge, at one end of.
which was an Auflrian foldier and at the other a Poliih cen-.
* Comp. Regn. Selayonia:, Galicia?, Lodomeris, 8cc. p. 6.6, note m.
tine!,