book having collected the votes, proclaims the fuccefsfui candi-
i — ' date. Each noble does not give his vote feparately, for that
would be endlefs; but when the primate goes round, the
colle&ed body of each palatinate name the perfon they
efpoufe. At the conclufion of this ceremony the affembly
breaks up.
On the following day the fenate and nuntios return to the
plain; when the fuccefsfui candidate is again proclaimed, and
a deputy difpatched to acquaint him of his election, as no
candidate is allowed to be prefent. After the proclamation,
the gentry retire; and the diet, having appointed the diet of
coronation, is diifolved.
All ele&ions are contefted ; but for fome time they have
always been unanimous upon the fpot, from the terror of a
neighbouring army. In cafe of an oppofition, the party who
-will not accede retire from the plain, and remonftrate
again ft the election; and, if they are fufficiently ftrong, a
civil war enfues. If it were not for the interference of foreign
troops, the confuiion, diforder, and bloodihed attending
fUch a popular election fas was formerly the cafe),, would
be better conceived than del'cribed : and thus the country
draws fome advantage from an evil, which is conixdered by
the Poles as the difgrace and fcandal of every eledtion..
C H A P .
C H A P . VIP..
I. Finances and taxes o f P o l a n d .— Revenue o f the ling.—~
II. Commerce.— General exports and imports.— Caufes o f
the low Jlate o f trade.— Failure o f the plan o f opening the
navigation o f the Dniefter.— -Navigation o f the Notez.—
III. Military ejlablifhm-ent.— Corps o f Ulans.— State o f the
army.— Confederacies.— Ruffian- troops,
I . F in a n c e s a n d T a x e s o f P o l a n d .
* | ''HE f o l lo w in g e x t r a c t f r o m t h e p r o c e e d in g s o f t h e d i e t c h a p ;
o f 1768 w i l l f e r v e t o i h e w t h e a n n u a l r e c e ip t s a n d . v n ~ ,
d i f b u r f e m e n t s o f g o v e r n m e n t b e f o r e t h e d i fm e m b e rm e n t :
<fc The annual revenues o f the treafury of the crown
“ amount to 10,748,245 florins = £ 298 ,56 2 . 7 s. i\d. The
“ expences to 17,050,000 = £ 4 7 3 ,6 1 1 . is . i\d. It would
“■ be neceflary, therefore, to increafe the revenues, fo as to
“ anfwer the exeefs of the expences above the receipts,,
“ namely, 6,30-1*755 florins = £175 ,04 8. i5J. but as a
“ part of the antient revenues muft be aboliihed,, the. new
“ taxes mull yield 10,236,737 florins =£284,353.1-3/; 4^.
m The treafury of Lithuania produces the annual fum of.'
“ 3,646,628 = £ 10 1 ,2 9 5 . 4s. 6d. the expences amount to-
6,478,142 = £179,948; ys. 6d. The revenues ought
“ therefore to be augmented 2,8315514 “ £78,65-3. 3s. qd,.
fg But as fome antient impofts muft be aboliihed, the new
f taxes muft yield 4,250,481 = £1 18 ,0 68 , i8 i . 4d.
* Poland, exdufive o f LitKuania, 4 LoU e t.Co n ft. do la Diete de i;6 8 , p. ,0.
Poland,.