lofty ranges of the Andes «oiild afford V congenial lioiiio- Some I’tarmignii inhabit both continents, but there
Xovll. Aimrta. .p p « » to bo tbo o.to.ol boo.o of ,bo Totn.ooi«.-, foi', of tbo t,.o o t;-t,.„ koo.vn .pooioo, foorloo. ovo foood
tvithio her bordo». Of tl.0,0, throo )¡,o ,o.d to Ibo oo.ttvood of tho Hooky M o o o to l ..,-» » » « M b « , f to o .r
d .o ll to , 1,0 o „ .t,v „d of Ibb ptool „ . „ . o - » » « « o Ib»Wb» o„d i r m tM . , f io » * » .« ,
anil Lagopus Leuruni
Cupidonia. Cupido. aud Pedieeailcs Plmsiaue/tus ; four ¡
Pedieiicics Columhimtus, Deudragapus Ob»';irw. und J). IMui-deoiui ;
; met with on both sides of the Monntaius —(Wiire'frcKa VrophisUmus.
o me iiihabitnuls of tho exti-ouic uoiTlioni parts of tho
c o .U o o . t - / , . „ , „ AU... ood E.oopo p . „ o o « * opooloo-»»,«.« J M . . T,„ ,o C,■ » .» « ,
, ,M o „ , /.„ „p p .. 11.1.., Olid AU,.,. ,l.io boo f o . r - /W o -V .r .lr k . r ,^ ,.I I .U „ . Mo;,,o„„
Lagopxa
I llarthubii,
00,1 io jo ,,» -d®». a » ,,,,, .Moo,,b-¡, bo, obo 1,000 fo.od b, J.p.,«, ood L . „ „ . H u p ,.!...... i. potolioi' ,o Spi,.1,0,■EOO.
Altboool, „0. ,o b iim .,« o,, ,„1,0011.0 i„ tboi, plomoso Um Pbo.mool,, vol. lo ooo.oipioooo of tbo dolloooy of U.oi, llo.d,,
the Grouse arc valuable birds, anil in the bleak regions of tbe frozen north, the I’tuvmiguu
sistenee for the iuhnbitant.s, who kill thousmuls of them annually, nud suit their 1
: the Phasinuiil.®, eoutniiis species of so luueh iiiiporlauce
the Held;
of the ehicf niemis of snb-
I'or tho winter’s eonsuiuption- I’orliups no
man, us those coni|)risiiig this Monograph,
as uinuy of them nro capable of domesfamily
of birds, oxcc|)tiug
whollier cousklcrcd as affording him food, or us objects of s]iort i
tientiou to a certain extent, they may be introduced into the aviar
mmiy iiistimco, tbeir Eoirtlo dispooitio,,, rvoold umko theiir .Irriroblo oc,p,i,iti„,i,.
eng the iulmbitauts of the poidtry-yavd, where
Hjbrldl,,,. 1. of oo„„„o„ oooorrooo. ,.mo„,. tbo mo.bom of >1.1. fomil.v. 1 boro ,oo„ tho o l, , . ! , , ; prodhood by li.o oro»h,B
of olEht dblhiot .poolo., .ml b .ro ,.o doubt but tlmt r.hororor tho torrllorio. bili.vbitod l.y .op.n.lo .pcoio, .¡olo, (ho blr.l, ,vill
„ ¡ .,lo ood brood lo.sotbo,,. Tho.,0 bob,.1,1, .Irv .y , b e ., olmr.olorl.llo „„„«¡„1; , by mbiob it 1, oompm-ktlvely oa.y to « o r t . i i ,
„ o r board of a .h.-lo ia.l.noo wlioro tbo hybrid, of t.vo di.tlact .porlo, of llro.,.0 havo prodaood
„.nal, tbo Totramiiiia, ivoiild .oon ooi.il.t of a ooafa.od mam of abomini fono., f,o„. amo„s -vbioh
their parentage, and I have
iulcr sc. If such indeed avi
it would bl' impossible to extricate a single i
by leiidcriiig hybrids, as a general rule, infertile. I t is i
P. Cohhieus, P. Tonpmtui, and P. Versicnlov—naturalized i
at hand to enable me to state;
iolaal .pedo., a„d to prove,,! ...ob a„ „„to,vaiai ro.iilt ,» 11,1., „atimo l.,a. 1,do,p.,.od
well-known fact that hybrids between different species of Pheasants—
•—naturalized iu England, have pvoduecd inlo- sc. but to what extent Ì have no means
probable their eonlincd bomidnries, nud semi-doiuestieuted condition, may aicouut iu a
Evoal moa.arc for thoir ability lo brood li. and i„ „ llh o .t tbo ii.troductlo,. of frc b blood. In.taooo. b.vo booa roooialod „boro
hybrid, bolwooo dllforool .poolo. ol lb , Aimti.bo bavo prodaood ¡.tor ,o. b .t tho.0 „.ay bo doo.,0.1 oaooplloaal oa.o., for i„ „„o,
a l loa,t. it „■.» a,oorlalno,l by iltooolloa tb a t tb i, fortillty ,11,1 „o, o.toiid to tho roooad soao,„Uo„.* It 1. i„ tho.o ,1„,.. I tl,l„k,
o.l„bll.hoil boyoiid o„„trovor.y, tlmt, l.ybrl.ll.m I. of no .„ii,.„„l oooiirroocc .amo„5 8„lli„„oo„„. bir.l. in a „ lid .ta to , bat „ .oom.
„ooo..„ry, b, Older tb „ t tbo.o bybrhl, .bo,.Id bcooao fertile boyoad tbo .eoood soaor.li,«,. tl.al they ,m«l a t l.,» t bo ,oi„l-
doaio.tio.tod, for tbo proof of „l.icb, ,vo may loot a t tbe Pboaaaiil. a . above oltod. Vl.y tl.i. .bo.ild bo . 0, I. . problon. of
„0 oa.y .olatloa, bat p.a.bably tbo arala o.a.o 1. ohia.yo of food. a„d to ..mo de-roo „1 o,o„ tl.ol, habit, al.o, prodaood by
their altered condition of life.
The Tctraouime may be divided into three gro u p s-th e YVood. Mountain, aud Plain Grouse. For tho firet of these we have
THrao Urogalhw, T. Urogalloidvs. Canaee Canadensis. Canaee FranHwii. Fakipainis Jfayllaubli. Dcndyagapus Obscurus. 1). Biehaydsonii.
Bom,s,r. Umbelhm. Imbclloides. Subinei, Sg/veslris. and Lgrurus Telrix. In tho next division ave included Lagop
Lagopus Mutus; und for the third, or tliosc species which halutunliy dwell upon the plains,
Fcdieeaites Colambianus. P. Phasianrt/us, Cupidonia Cupido, Lagopus .Uba.s. L. .'kotkus. L. RupeslrU, aud L. licmily.u-uyus.
At one period all the species of this luiuily were included in the genus Tctrao
T, I'rogallus as the type; but as they became better uiidersti
the iimiiy dLstinct and varied forms presented themselves, so tl
Leucurus nnd
Cenlroecrcus I'rophasianus,
.Wished by Liimmiis iu 1735, having
as found neecssury to separate them into several genera, as
the genus Tetrao is restricted to the species VmguUus and
U,-ogalloides, distil,guishcd by the elongation of the feathere beneath the eliiu into a beard-like appeiulage,
In 1700 IJrissm, established the genus Lagopus, thus separating the Ptnrmigau from tlie Grouse, and lii IHIO Stephens ineludcd
the species of Riitred Grouse iu the genus Bonasa. Mr. Swainsou made a further division by instituting, in 1831, the geneva I'eii-
troeercHS and Lynirus for the Cock-of-thc-Plains and Black Grouse; and other changes have i
. periods been made, i
we now have no less thuu ten diffovcut genera, all of which s
) have furnished sufficient cliaructers to warrant their ha
been established.
The (li-oiisc arc rather large in size, heavy in body, with small heads, the nasal foss.® lilled with feuthci-s concealing the uos-
tril.s; moderately long necks, short wings, rounded ami concave beneath; stout legs ami feet, the toes having pectiiialioiis of scales
along the edges, the hind toe elevated above the plane of the rest: the taisi covered with fcathei's, iu the Boimsie only halfway,
in the Lago[)iclie to the claws, 1 cimmciicc my review of tbe family with Mr, Stephens’ gcuus.
B O X A S A,
Head crested, bill short, strong; icings short, eoneare beneath, third and fourth primaries longest; tail o f eighteen broad feathers;
lower h a lf o f tarsi naked, covered anteriorly wilh two rows o f scales : sides o f toes peetinated with scales : e/aws short and
curved.
This genua has its ic[iresenfativcs in both the Old aud New YVorlds, altliough the sjiceics iiili.ibitiiig the former has not the
ruff so developed as have those belonging to America. There is but little difference in the plumage of the sc.xe.'; the témale
being distinguished chiefly by the smaller size of the ruff; iu the Fluvopean species, by the absence of the black throat. The
males arc polygamous, und desert the females during the i>criod of incubation. These birds go in flocks, aud on being disturbed
will frequently take refuge in trees. They a v e ; -
liOXASA UMBELH'S,
rMBEI.LOlBES, .
SABINEI. .
SY'LY’ESTRIS, .
Pl,.MK III.
PL.ITR lY'.
This lost species differs ftoiii the rest iu being monogniiious. altliough the male docs not rciiiaiii with tbe femnlc while tbo
latter is setting, and also in not pofscs.sing the peculiar habit of ilruinming. so cliaractcrislic of the otliev species.
The next coufaius only two members, Ibo giauts of the family, and to which Liniia’us hu-s given the
'r B lì A o,
Rill strong, upper mandible curved, head slightly erestcd, feathers o f the ekin elongated and pointed. Tarsi lompletely covered with
hair-like feathers.
The forests of the Old YY’orld arc tho home of the maguifieciit spcoics couipo.siiig this genus: but in some localities where
they were formerly iibiimlant, they now exist in greatly reduced imiiibcrs; indeed, iu some places, have becDiue extinct. The
oiilj> species a r c ;
5. TETRAi
6. " UROlJALLOlDEti, . . . .
For the species composing tlic ucxt group I [iiuposo the i