the Indo-Malayan subregion. F. leo still maintains its existence in the peninsula of Guzerat; F. pardus is also
distributed throughout India, common in Burma and the island of Hainan of the Indo-Chinese subregion, and is met
with in the Malay peninsula, Sumatra, and Java of the Indo-Malayan subregion. F. diardi ranges at an elevation of
from 5000 to 10,000 feet on the Himalayas into Nepaul and Sikhiro, and the islands of Hainan and Formosa of
the Indo-Chinese subregion, and the Malay peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. F. bengalensis is found throughout India,
and in Ceylon of the Ceylonese subregion; it is also met with in Assam and Burma, and in the Malay peninsula,
Sumatra, and Java. F. vivemna ranges over India and Ceylon, is also met with in the island of Formosa and in
Southern China of the Indo-Chinese subregion, and has been obtained in Burma, Tenasserim, Camboja, and the
Malay peninsula of the Indo-Malayan subregion. F. ornata is confined to the desert regions of North-west India ;
and F. caracal is met with throughout Northern and Central India, while F. c/iaus is found from a height of 8000
feet on the Himalayas to Cape Comorin. I t is also a native of Burma and Arakan of the Indo-Chinese
subregion. C. jubatus inhabits the western and southern part of India, and is also said to be a native of Ceylon
(Baker, Wanderings in Ceylon, p. 118). In the Indo-Malayan subregion, Borneo possesses F. marmorata, F. planiceps,
and F. badia; Sumatra likewise contains the two first named; and F. planiceps also is found in the Malay peninsula.
F. temminckii is a native of Nepaul and the, South-eastern Himalayas, probably also of Burma, and dwells in the
Malay peninsula, Sumatra, and possibly Borneo. The .last species to be mentioned in this region is F. javensis,
with a wide distribution, having been obtained in the vicinity of Canton in the Indo-Chinese subregion, and in
the Malay peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.
The third region, the Ethiopian, contains only two species not already mentioned in the regions reviewed,
viz. F. chrysothrix and F. caffra. The first inhabits Western Africa from Sierra Leone to the river Gambia ; but
how far it may extend into the interior is unknown. F. caffra, together with other species of this region, viz.
F. pardus, F. serval, F. chaus, F. caracal, and C. jubatus, inhabit Africa generally, from Algiers to the Cape of
Good Hope. F. leo also had the same dispersion; but of late years it has been driven away from the southern
portion of the continent into the interior.
Passing now to the western hemisphere, the Nearctic Region claims our attention ; and we find that F. concolor.
is generally distributed throughout the whole region from 45° north latitude, and extends its range along the entire
length of the Neotropical Region to the Straits of Magellan. F. canadensis is distributed over the entire northern
portions of this region, and southwards on its eastern side to Pennsylvania ; while F. rufa is met with generally over
the region to Mexico of the Neotropical Region. F. pardalis is a native of Arkansas, Texas, and Mexico, and
generally through the Neotropical Region west of the Andes to Buenos Ayres. F. onca, the most powerful member
of the Felidee on the western hemisphere, ranges from Texas south to Patagonia in the Neotropical Region.
The last-named division, besides the species already given, contains F. jaguarondi and F. tigrina, which has been
procured from Mexico, through Central America and the eastern part of South America, to Paraguay. F. eyra is found
from Central America to Paraguay. F. colocolo seems to be restricted to Guiana; F. pageros ranges from Buenos
Ayres to the Straits of Magellan ; and F. geoffroyi is met with in Buenos Ayres and Patagonia.
It will be seen from the foregoing review that the Palæarctic and Oriental Regions possess much the larger
number of the known species of the Felidæ, and may be considered the home of the Family of modern times.
The recent discoveries in America of extinct feline forms may, however, raise a reasonable doubt in our minds
whether, in the earlier epochs of the earth’s history, the New World, so called, did not equal, if not, indeed, surpass
the eastern hemisphere in the variety and number of its species of Cat-like animals. I t is difficult, if not
impossible, with our present knowledge to state which hemisphere first produced a feline form of quadruped ; for, of
the earliest known genera of these creatures, viz. Pseudeelurus (Gervais, Paléont. Franç. p. 232), Fusmilus (Gervais,
Zool. Paléont. Général. 1876, pp. 53, 54, pi. 12), and Dinictis (Leidy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Philad. vol. vii.
p. 64, pi. 5), each appearing in the Eocene period, while all are represented in the Old-world strata, the third,
or one nearly inseparable from it, is also found in those of North America. These animals were of course very
different from the existing species of the Felidæ ; but the specialized forms of that early age, ever progressing through
the long intervening epochs towards a higher type by successive changes and unnumbered modifications, have resulted
at length in the highly organized, wonderfully endowed Cat of our own time.
LIST OF PLATES.
1. Felis leo. . Plate I.
2. Felis concolor . . . . Plate II.
3. Felis tigri8 . . . . Plate III.
4. Felis uncia . . . Plate IV.
5. Felis onca Plate V.
6. Felis pardus . Plates VI. & V
7. Felis diardi Plate VIII.
8. Felis marmorata Plate IX.
9. Felis manul . . . . Plate X.
10. Felis pageros . . . • Plate XI.
11. Felis colocolo . . . ■ . Plate XII.
12. Felis jaguarondi t Plate X III.
13. Felis eyra . . . . Plate XIV.
14. Felis badia . . . . Plate XV.
15. Felis temminckii Plate XVI.
16. Felis planiceps Plate XVII.
17. Felis pardalis . . . . Plate XVIII.
18. Felis tigrina . . . . Plate XIX.
19. Felis geoffroyi . . . . Plate XX.
20. Felis bengalensis Plate XXI.
21. Felis viveirina Plate XXII.
22. Felis tristis . . . . Plate XXIII.
23. Felis scripta . . . . Plate XXIV.
24. Felis chrysothrix Plate XXV
25. Felis serval . . . . Plate XXVI.
26. Felis euptilura Plate XXVII.
27. Felis javensis . . . . Plate XXVIII.
28. Felis rubiginosa Plate XXIX.
29. Felis catvs . . . . Plate XXX.
30. Felis caffra . . . . Plate XXXI.
31. Felis omata Plate XXXII.
32. Felis chaus . Plate XXXIII.
33. Felis caudata . . . . Plate XXXIV.
34. Felis shaioiana . Plate XXXV.
35. Felis cervaria . . . . Plate XXXVI.
36. Felis canadensis . Plate XXXVII.
37. Felis pardina . . . . Plate XXXVIII
38. Felis lynx . . . . Plate XXXIX.
39. Felis imfa . . . . Plate XL.
40. Felis caracal . . . . Plate XLI.
41. Felis domestica Plate XLII.
42. Cynailurus jubatus . Plate XLIII.