th e M u jfu lm a n to c o n v e r t th e liq u o r in to v in e g a r , and to f e t free
th e h o g .
A fale is ren- If a perfon fell a male {lave, on condition that the purchafer {hall
bydie'inrer- emancipate him, or make him a Modabbir, or'a Mokatib,— or if a
tion 5>f any perfon fell a female {lave, on condition that the purchafer {hall make
condition ad- 1 ^ ^ ^ ■ . .
vantageousto h e r an A m -W a lid ,— fu c h fale is in v a l id ; b e c am e th is is a la l e fitfp e n d e d
ol-1 repugnant on a c o n d itio n ;— and fu c h fale s are c o n d em n e d b y th e p ro p h e t.— T h e
to the reqai- r iq e j g t li iS p a r ticu la r , is fo u n d e d on a ten e t o f o u r d o c to r s , th a t th e
contrail; or in fe r tio n o f a n y co n d itio n w h i c h is a n e c e i ia r y r e fu l t or th e con tra c t
ocSfion coo- ( fu c h as w h e r e th e fe lle r b arg a in s th a t “ th e p u r c h a fe r fh a l l be com e
-tentron, by ■ tt p rop rie to r o f th e a r t ic le fo ld ,” ) can n o w a y affedt t h e v a l id ity o f th e
in vo lving an r r .
advantage to con tra d t, fm c e th a t w o u ld be e ftab lifh e d in d epen d an t o f a n y ftip ulat
io n ;— an d , o n th e o th e r h an d , th a t t h e in fe r tio n o f a n y con d ition
w h i c h is n o t a n e c e f la r y r e fu lt o f th e co n tra d t, an d in w h i c h th e r e is
.an ad v a n ta g e e ith e r to th e b u y e r o r t h e fe l le r ,— or to th e f u b je t i o f th e
fa le , i f capable o f e n jo y in g an ad v a n ta g e , ( fu c h as w h e r e th e fe lle r b a r g
ains th a t “ th e p u r ch a fe r ih a l l em a n c ip a te th e Have h e fe lls to him.,” )
ren d e r s t h e con trad t in v a l id ; b e c au fe an ad d ition a l and ex tran e o u s adt
is , in th is in f la n c e , r eq u ire d from th e p u r c h a fe r , w i th o u t f t ip u la t in g
a re c om p en c e to h im , and w h i c h o f c o n fe q u en c e is o f an u fu r io u s n a tu
r e ;— and a l fo , b e c au fe as th e r e is an ad v a n ta g e in th is co n d itio n to
t h e fn b je d t o f th e fa le , -w h o is c a p a b le o f c la im in g i t , i t fo l low s th a t a
c o n te n t io n m u f t n e c e f la r ily e n fu e , an d h e n c e th e ob jed t o f fa le
(n am e ly , t h e p re v en tio n o f f t r i fe ) is f ru ftra te d .— C on d ition s o f th is
n a tu re are th e r e fo r e u n law fu l , e x c e p t in g w h e r e c u f tom and p re c ed e n t
p re v a il o v e r a n a lo g y ; as w h e r e a p e r fo n p u rch a fe s u n few e d {hoes on
co n d itio n o f th e fe lle r ’ s fe w in g , o r c a u lin g th em to be few e d fo r h im .
T h e in fe r t io n , on th e o th e r h an d , o f a n y c o n d itio n w h i c h is n o t a
n e c e f la r y r e fu l t o f th e c o n t r a c t , and w h i c h , m o r e o v e r , is n o t atten d ed
w ith ad v an ta g e t o a n y p a r ticu la r p e r fon , does n o t in v a lid a te th e c o n trad
t.— A n e x am p le o f th is o c c u r s w h e r e a p e r fo n fe lls an an im a l, on
c o n d i t io n th a t “ th e p u r ch a fe r {hall f e l l i t a g a in w h ic h con d ition
is
C h a p . V -
is la w fu l , b e c a u f e - th e r e is n o p a r ticu la r p e r fo n w h o f e r ig h t it is to
c la im th e p e r fo rm a n c e o f i t , ( f in c e th e animal is in cap a b le o f lo
« lo in s ) and h e n c e n e ith e r u fu r y n o r ft r ife can a tte n d fu c h a ftip u la tio n .
N o w , h a v in g e x p la in ed th e ten e t s o f o u r d od tors, it is p ro p e r t o re m
a rk th a t th e co n d itio n s re c ite d in th e c a fe s in q u e ft io n a re r e p u g nant
to th e n a tu r e o f t h e co n tra d t, as t h e y ten d to d ep r iv e th e p u r ch
a fe r o f e v e r y r ig h t to w h i c h th e fa le en t it le s h im ; and t h e y a lfo
in v o lv e an ad v a n ta g e t o ' t h e fu b je f t o f th e fa le , w h o is cap a b le o f
c la im in g i t ;— t h e y th e r e fo r e in v a lid a te th e c o n t ra&.— Shafei d ille n ts
from o u r d od tor s, as h e h o ld s th e fa le o f a Have,, o n c o n d itio n o f h is
em an c ip a tio n , to b e v a lid .
I f a p e r fon fh o u ld em an c ip a te a Have w h o m h e had p u r ch a fe d on
th a t condition:, t h e n th e f a l e , w h i c h , b e c au fe o f fu c h c o n d it io n , was-
p r e v io u f ly i l le g a l, b e c om e s v a l id , a c c o rd in g to Haneefa; and th e
p u r ch a fe r is; re fp o n fib le to th e fe lle r fo r th e p r ic e . T h e tw o d ifc ip le s
are o f o p in io n th a t th e em an c ip a tio n does n o t ren d e r th e fale v a lid ;
and th a t th e re fo r e th e p a y m en t o f th e value, an d n o t o f th e price, is
in cum b en t o n th e p u r c h a fe r ;; b e c a u fe , as t h e fa le w a s o r ig in a l ly in v
a lid , in co n fe q u en c e o f th e c o n d i t io n , i t c a n n o t a fte rw a rd s b e r e n dered
v a lid b y. m ean s o f th e em an c ip a tion ,- a n y m o r e th an b y th e
p u rch a fe r ’ s murdering, or felling, th e h a v e . T h e re a fo n in g o f Haneefa.
is, th a t a lth o u g h th e con d ition o f em a n c ip a t in g t h e fla v e b e n o t , m .
itfelf agre eab le to th e r e q u ifite s o f a con trad t o f fa le , (a s w a s b e fo r e
e x p la in e d ,) ftiU it 9 fo 1 g g j g b e c au fe it c om p le te s th e r ig h t o f
p ro p e r ty on th e p a r t o f th e p u r c h a fe r ; and a th in g b e com e s e fta b
lifh ed and con firm ed b y its c om p le t io n ; w h e n c e i t is th a t th e
em an c ip ation o f a p u r ch a fe d f la v e is n o b ar to a r ig h t o f e om p en fa tion .
from th e fe lle r in ca fe o f a d efed t.
If a p e r fo n fe ll a flave, o n c o n d itio n th a t “ h e {ha ll fe r v e h im fo r
“ th e fp a ce o f tw o m o n th s a fte r th e f a l e , ” — o r a h o u fe , o n co n d itio n
th a t I h e f lia ll refid e in , i t fo r th e fp a c e o f tw o m o n th s a f te r th e
“ fa le,"
t u t fucli fale
recovers its
ya lidity, b y
the purchafer
performing
the condition
with the artic
le pur- ,
chafed;
Sale is ren -
deredinvalid,
by a referva-
tion o f any
advautage to