44* B o o k XVL
A re-Tale to
the feller, for
a fum ftiort o f
the original
price, before
payment o f
that price, is
in va lid :
S A L E*
re fe r re d to p ro v e o f th e fame fpecies w i t h th e a r t ic le n am e d , b u t o f a
d iffe r en t q u a l ity , in th is c a fe th e fale relates to th e article referred to;
an d w h e r e th e a r t ic le re fe r re d to is fo u n d , th e fa le is c om p le t e : th e
p u r c h a fe r , h o w e v e r , h a s in th is in fta n c e an o p t io n , b e c au fe o f th e
quality m en t io n e d n o t e x if t in g in th e a r t i c le ;— as w h e r e , fo r in fta n c e ,
a p e r fo n fe lls a f la v e as a baker, and h e p ro v e s to b e a fcribe.— N o w i t
is to b e o b fe rv e d th a t a m a le and a fem a le fla v e are n o t o f the fame, b u t
o f two different fe x e s , w h i c h is a c c o u n te d , in th is in fta n c e , as e q u iv a le
n t to b e in g o f d iffe r en t fp e c ie s , b e c au fe o f th e ir d iffe ren t u fe s ;
w h e r e a s in goats th e o b je f t fo r p u r c h a fe (n am e ly , to eat their ftefh,)
is th e fam e , w i t h r e fp e f t b o th to th e male and t h t female, and th e r e fo
r e t h e y are n o t h e ld to b e o f tw o d iffe ren t fp e c ie s . I t is p ro p e r t o
r em a r k , in th is p la c e , th a t , am o n g ft la w y e r s , th e u n i t y o r d iffe
r e n c e o f t h e objefl, an d n o t th e u n i t y or d iffe ren c e o f th e effence,
d e te rm in e s th e u n i t y o r d iffe ren c e o f th t fpecies. T h u s vinegar o f t h e
g ra p e is h e ld to b e o f a d iffe ren t fp e c ie s f r om th e fweet juice o f th e
grape .
If a perfon purchafe a female flave for a thoufand dir ms, ftipulating
either a future or immediate payment, and having taken pofleflion of
her, fhould fell her to the perfon fiom whom he hadpurchafed her,
for five hundred dirms,. previous to his having made payment of the
thoufand dirms, this fecond fale is invalid. Shafei is of opinion that
-as the right of property in the flave had vefted in the purchafer, becaufe
of his having taken pofleflion ofiher, fuch fale, on the part of
the purchafer to the feller, is valid, in the fame manner as it would
have been valid to any other perfon,— or as it would have been valid
to the feller in cafe the fecond price had been equal to or greater than
the firft,— or in cafe it had been in exchange for other goods, although
thefe fhould have been of a lefs value.— The arguments of our dodtors
a r e ,__ F i r s t , a tradition that Ayeefha, having heard of a woman who,
having purchafed a female flave from Zeyd BinRAkim for eight hundred
dirms, had afterwards fold her to the faid Zeyd for fix hundred dirms,
4 fP o k e
fp o k e to h e r t h u s ; “ This purchafe and fale on your part is bad-, in-
“ form Zeyd, that certainly G o d w ill render null his pilgrimages
■“ and enterprifes achieved along with the prophet unlefs he repent o f fuch
“ concha."— S e c o n d l y , i f th e fale in q u e ftio n b e v a l id , i t fo l lo w s
th a t th e fir ft fe lle r rem a in s in d e b ted to th e p u r c h a fe r fo r fiv e hundred
d i r m s , and th e p u r ch a fe r to h im fo r one thoufand d i r m s . N o w i f th e ir
a c c o u n t fh o u ld b e b a lan c ed , and fiv e h u n d r e d dirms b e f t r u c k o f f f r om
th e d eb t o f th e p u r ch a fe r , in liq u id a tio n o f h is c la im u p o n th e fe lle r ,
th e re rem a in s f iv e h u n d r e d d u e b y th e p u r ch a fe r , fo r w h i c h h e has
re c e iv e d no r e tu r n , and th is is u n law fu l . I t is o th e rw i fe w h e r e th e
f e l le r , in th e fe c o n d fa le , g iv e s th e p u r ch a fe r g oo d s in r e tu r n ; b e c
a u fe th e r e th e d iffe r en c e is n o t o b v io u s ; b e in g ap p a ren t o n l y w i t h r e -
fp e f t to a r tic le s o f the fame Hind.
If a p e r fo n , h a v in g p u r ch a fe d a fem a le fla v e fo r five hundred
d i r m s , and ta k e n p o fle flio n o f h e r , fh o u ld a fte rw a rd s , b e fo re h e h ad
d ifch a rg e d th e p r ic e , fe l l h e r , in c o n ju li& io n w i t h a n o th e r , fo r five
hundred d i r m s , to th e p e r fo n fr om whom h e h a d p u r ch a fe d h e r , in
th a t c a fe th e fale is v a lid w i th r e fp e c t to th e fem a le fla v e w h om h e h ad
n o t fo rm e r ly p u r ch a fe d f rom th a t p e r fo n , b u t n u l l w i th r e fp e d to th e
o th e r . T h e rea fo n o f th is is th a t , as a p a r t o f th e p r ic e is n e c e f la r ily
op p ofed to th e new f la v e , it fo l lo w s th a t h e p u rch a fe s a f la v e , and fe lls
h e r a g a in t o th e fam e p e r fo n fo r a le fs p r ic e th a n h e h ad p u r ch
a fe d h e r fo r , w h i c h is n o t la w fu l , a s has b e en a lr e a d y fh ew n .
N o fu c h rea fon o f i l le g a l i ty , h o w e v e r , e x if t in g w i t h r e g a rd to th e
f i l e o f th e other f la v e , it is th e re fo r e v a lid , in a p r ic e p rop or tion ed to
h e r v a lu e .
O bjection.— -It w o u ld ap p ea r th a t th e fa le o f th e other f la v e is
a lfo in v a lid , b e c au fe th e p e r fo n h a s fold b o th b y on e c o n t r a d , an d as
th e fa le o f th e one is in v a lid , it w o u ld fo l lo w th a t th e fale o f th e other
is a lfo in v a lid , (a c c o rd in g to th e te n e t s o f Haneefa,) in th e fam e m a n n
e r as w h e r e a fre em a n and a f la v e a re Ibid b y o n e c o n t r a c t , th e
. L i l a <ale
bu t the contract
is not
invalid with
refpeCt to any
other fubjedt
which may
be joined to
the original
in the re-faje.