bear th e b u r th en s im p o fed b y th e l a w , w h i c h m en w o u ld b e u n a b le
to d o u n le f s th e m o le fta t io n or f la y in g o f th em w e r e p roh ib ited , f in c e
i f th e f la y in g o f a p e r fo n w e r e n o t i l le g a l, h e w o u ld b e in c a p a b le o f
p e r fo rm in g th e d u tie s req u ire d o f h im . T h e p e r fo n th e re fo r e is th e
o r ig in a l fubjeCt o f p ro te c t io n , and p r o p e r ty fo l low s as th e d ep end ant
th e r e o f, f in c e p ro p e r ty is , in its o r ig in a l f ta te , n e u tr a l, and c re a ted
fo r th e u fe o f m a n k in d , and is p ro te c ted o n ly o n a c c o u n t o f th e r ig h t
o f th e p ro p r ie to r , to th e en d th a t ea ch m a y b e en a bled to en jo y th a t
w h i c h is h is o w n : b u t th e a p p r e c ia b le p ro te c tio n applies to p r o p e r ty ,
b e c a u fe it s b e in g a p p r e c ia b le e v in c e s th a t th e a to n em en t fo r d am a g e
m u l l b e m ad e in an a r t ic le o f th e fam e n a tu re w i t h th a t w h i c h is th e
fub jed t o f p ro te c tio n : and th is is p p tfible w i t h refp ed t to p r o p e r ty ,
b u t n o t w i t h re fp ed t to th e p e r fo n , b e c au fe th e co n d itio n o f it is th a t
th e r e b e a f im ila r ity b e tw e e n th e t h in g d am a g ed and th e th in g in
w h i c h th e a to n em en t is m a d e , an d th is f im ila r ity m a y exifi: b e tw e e n
p r o p e r ty an d p r o p e r ty , b u t n o t b e tw e e n p r o p e r ty an d a n m i'p ^ p e r fo n ,
f in c e fom e p ro p e r ty re fem b le s o th e r p r o p e r ty , w h e r e a s p ro p e r ty c a n n
o t re fem b le a m a n ’ s p e r fo n .— In a p p r e c ia b le p ro te c t io n , th e r e fo r e ,
p r o p e r ty is th e o r ig in a l, and th e . p e r fo n is a dep en d an t t h e r e o f ; an d
w h e n th e ap p re c iab le p ro te c tio n is e fta b lilh ed in p ro p e r ty b y m e an s
o f th e fe c u r it y o f c o u n tr y , (w h i c h is th e p ro te c tio n o f th e J la te J )- it
fo l lo w s th a t th e p ro te c tio n e x ten d s a lfo to th e p e r fo n b y m eans o f th e
fe c u r it y o f c o u n tr y : b u t th is doe s n o t e x i f t w i t h refpeCt to an a lien
w h o em b ra c e s th e fa ith in a fo r e ig n c o u n t r y , w i th o u t r e t ir in g in to
t h e M u jfu lm a n t e r r i to r y ; w h e r e fo r e th e p r ic e o f h is b lo o d (n am e ly ,
th e D e y it , o r f n e o f b lo o d ) is n o t due .
Objection.— A p ro te c ted a lien , w h o em b ra c e s th e fa ith and
a fte rw a rd s a p o fta t iz e s , e n jo y s f e c u r it y o f c o u n tr y f r om r e fid en c e in th e
M u jfu lm a n t e r r i t o r y ; w h e r e fo r e i t w o u ld fo l lo w th a t th e fin e o f blood
w o u ld b e d u e fo r f la y in g fu c h a o n e ; b e c au fe a p p r e c ia b le p ro te c tio n
is oc ca fion ed b y r e fid en c e in th e M u jfu lm a n te r r i to r y , and th a t e x i l i c
w i t h refp ed t to p e r fo n s o f th is d e f c r ip t io n : b u t w e find th a t th e fin e
o f b lo o d is n o t d ue fo r f la y in g a p e r fo n o f th is d e f c r ip t io n * .
* Becaufe; as being an apoflati, he has forfeited the protection of the lew.R
eply.
R eply.__A protected alien, in the M u jfu lm a n territory, is virtually
an inhabitant of a foreign country, fince he intends to return
thither: and fo likewife an a p o fta te , becaufe he alfo isdefirous of going
into a foreign country, for fear- of his life; fuch a perfon, therefore,
does not enjoyf e c u r it y o f c o u n tr y from refidence in the M u jfu lm a n
territory.
I f a perfon flay, inadvertently, a M u jfu lm a n who has no relations, Cafe of a perr
WM r t ' ' i TUT (T / ion ao
r an a lien w h o , h a v in g c om e u n d e r a p ro te c tio n in to th e M u J Ju lm a n Muftlman
te r r i to r y , h a s th e r e em b ra c ed th e f a i th , th e fine o f b loo d fa lls u p o n
th e tr ib e o f th e f la y e r ; and th e f la y e r o w e s e x p ia tio n fo r th e h om ic id e , a foreign prob
e c a u fe , as h e has fla in a p e r fo n o f p ro te c te d b lo o d , th e ru le h old s th e
fam e as w i th refpedt to a ll o th e r p ro te c ted p e r fo n s . I t is a lfo to be o b - territory.
fe r v e d th a t th e Im am ta k e s th e f in e , as th e p e r fon fla in h a s n o h e irs .
I f , o n th e o th e r 'h a n d , a p e r fo n ’w ilfu lly f la y fu c h M u J Ju lm a n o r a lien ,
in th is c a fe it is a t th e o p tio n o f th e Im am e ith e r to p u t th e m u rd e re r
t o d e a th , or to exaCt th e fin e o f b lo o d , b e c au fe h e r e th e flairi is o f p r o te
c te d b lo o d , and th e k i l l in g is w ilf u l: and th e re la tio n s o f th e m u r d
e red p e r fo n are fo u n d e ith e r in th e w h o l e b o d y o f M u fju lm a n s , or in
th e S u lta n , as th e p ro p h e t h a s faid “ T h e Sultan is th e r e la tio n o j
“ th o fe w h o a r e w ith o u t r e la tio n s .” — W h a t is h e r e ad v a n c ed , th a t
■“ it is a t th e o p tio n o f th e Im dm to e x a c t th e fine o f b lo o d , m ean s
th a t i f th e Im am c h o o fe , h e m a y a c c e p t o f th e fin e in th e m a n n e r o f a
c om p o jitib n ', b e c au fe th e law, in a c a fe o f w ilf u l m u r d e r , aw a rd s o n ly
r e ta lia t io n : th u s th e Im dm is a t lib e r ty to a c c e p t o f a f in e , as th a t , in th e
c a fe h e r e tre a ted o f , is m o r e ad v a n ta g e o u s th an re ta lia tion . T h e Im am ,
is th e re fo r e a u th o r ifed to a c c e p t o f a com p o fit io n in p r o p e r t y : b u t h e
■ is n o t a t lib e r ty to p a r d o n ; b e c a u fe , in th e c a fe in- q u e f t io n , fin e o r r e ta
lia tion is th e r ig h t o f t h e c o l le c t iv e b o d y o f M u fju lm a n s -, and th e
Im a r r ls a u th o r ity is e fta b lilh e d fo r th e p u rp ofe o f g u a rd in g th e iu te re fts
o f th e p u b l i c ; and th e r em iflio n o f th e ir r ig h t w i th o u t fom e r e tu rn is
a d e fe r tion o f th e ir in te re fl.
D d 2 C H A P .