Reftri&ons
upon Zimmees
in point of
drefs and equi-
$ag*> See,
Their wives
muft not af-
fociate with
the wives of
Mujfulmans.
b itio n atfainft b u ild in g c h u r ch e s and fy n a g o g u e s is co n fin ed to cities,
and doe s n o t e x ten d to villages and hamlets) re late s fo le ly to th e v i l la
g e s o f Koofa; b e c au fe th e g re a te r p a r t o f th e in habitan ts o f th e fe
v illa g e s a re Zimmees, th e r e b e in g f e w Mujfulmans am o n g th em ,
w h e r e fo r e th e to k e n s o f IJlArn do n o t th e r e ap p e a r : m o re o v e r , in th e
te r r i to r y o f Arabia, Zimmees are p roh ib ited f rom con ftruC tin g c h u r ch e s
or fy n a g o g u e s e ith e r m cities o r villages, b e c au fe th e p ro p h e t has faid
“ Iwo religions cannot be profejfed together in'the peninfula o f Arabia.
I t b eh o v e s th e Imam to m a k e a diftinCtion b e tw e e n Mujfulmans
an d Zimmees in point b o th o f drefs and o f equipage. I t is 'th e r e fo r e n o t
a llow a b le fo r Zimmeesto rid e u p o n horfes, o r to u fe a rm o u r ,;o r t o 'u f e
th e fam e faddfes and w e a r th e fam e g a rm en ts o r h e a d id re ffe s is MuJful-
mans; an d i t ' i s w r i t t e n , in th e Jama Sagheer, th a t Zimmees m u f t b e
d ir e fte d to w e a r , th e Kijleej openly, o n th e o u t fiife o f 5th e ir 01011163;.
( t h e Ktjfegrd \ w o o lle n co rd or b e lt w h ic h Zimmees w e a r rou n d th e ir
w a if t s on th e ou tfid e o f th e ir g a rm e n t s ; ) — and a lfo , th a t t h e y m u f t
b e d ire c ted , i f t h e y r id e u p o n a n y an im a l, to p ro v id e th em fe lv e s a
fad d le l ik e th e pannie rs o f an a f s f T h e rea fon fo r th is diftinCtion in
p o in t o f c lo th in g and fo fo r th , and th e d ir e ft io n to w e a r th e Kijleej
o p e n ly is th a t Mujfulmans a re to b e h e ld in h o n o u r ; c o n t r a r y to Z rw -
Jeer, w h o are n o t to b e h e ld in h o n o u r ( w h e n c e it is th a t th e y are n o t
falutedyfr/? ; ) and i f th e r e w e r e n o o u tw a rd fig n s to d iftin g u ifh Muf-
fulmans f rom Zimmees, th e fe m ig h t b e trea ted w i t h th e fam e refp eC t,
w h i c h is h o t a llow e d . I t is to b e1 o b fe rv ed th a t th e in fign ia in c um -
! b e n t u p o n th em to w e a r is a woollen rop e or co rd tied rou n d th e w a if t ,
and" n o t a Jitken belt.
I t is r e q u ifite th a t th e w i v e s 'o f Zimmees b e k e p t fep ara te from th e
w iv e s o f Mujfulmans, b o th in th e p u b lic road s, and a lfo in th e baths '.
an d it is a lfo req u ifite th a t a m a r k b e fe t u p o n th e ir d w e l lin g s , in
ord e r th a t b e g g a r s w h o c om e to th e ir doors m a y n o t p ra y fo r th em .
T h e le a rn ed h a v e a lfo rem a rk e d th a t it is fit th a t Zimmees b e n o t p e r -
m itted ;
m itte d to ride a t a ll, e x c e p t in c afe s o f abfolute necejfttyx and i f a Zim-
m e e M th u s , ,o f n e c e i fi ty , a l lo w e d to r id e , h e m u f t a l ig h t w h e r e v e r
h e fees a n y Mujfulmans a f lem b le d ; and i f th e r e be a n e c e f l ity fo r h im
to u fe a fad d le , it m u f t b e made, in th e m an n e r o f th e p annie rs o f an-
afs. Zimmees o f th e h ig h e r ord ers , m u f t a lfo b e p roh ib ited from , w e a r in
g rich. g a rm en ts .
I f a Zimmee r e fu fe to p a y c ap ita tio n - ta x , o r m u rd e r af Mujfulman,
or b la fp h em e th e p ro p h e t , o r c om m it w h o r e d om w i th a MuJJlima, y e t
h is co n tra c t o f fu b je f t io n is n o t d if lb lv e d ; b e c au fe th e th in g in v ir tu e
o f w h ic h th e d e ft ru ft io n o f Zimmees is fu fp en d ed is th& fubmitting to
c ap ita t io n - ta x , n o t th e aCtual payment th e r e o f ; and t h ofubmijfion to i t
ft ill con tin u e s . Shafei h as faid. th a t th e c o n t r a ft o f fu b je ft io n is d if fo
lv e d b y a Z /»wm f;s jb la fp h em in g th e p r o p h e t ; b e c au fe i f h e w e r e a
b e lie v e r , b y fu c h b la fp h em y h is fa ith w o u ld b e .b r o k e n * ; and h e n c e ,
in th e fam e m a n n e r , h is p ro te c tio n is th e r e b y b r o k e n , fin c e th e c o n tra
c t o f fu b je f t io n is m e r e ly a fu b ft i tu te fo r belief. T h e a rg um e n t o f
o u r doctors- is th a t th e b la fp h em y in q ueftion- is m e r e ly a n a f t o f infidelity
p ro c e e d in g f rom an in f id e l ; and as h is in f id e lity w a s n o o b ft ru c -
t io n t o t h e c o n tra c t o f fu b je ft io n a t th e t im e o f m a k in g i t , th is fu p e r - -
v e n ie n t a f t o f in fid e lity doe s n o t c a n c e l it .
A contract o f fu b je ft io n is d iflb lv e d o n ly b y Zimmees ab feon d -
in g to th e te r r ito r y o f th e in fid e ls , o r m a k in g an a t ta c k u p o n th e Muf-
fulmans; in e ith e r o f w h i c h c afe s th e c o n t ra c t cea fe s to e x i f t ; b e c au fe
th e ad v a n ta g e propofed f rom i t is th e r em o v a l o f th e e v ils o f war and
bloodjtyd-,, and th is ad van ta g e ceafe s. to e x if t u p o n th e f t e n g a g in g in
h o ftilitie s ,
* T h a t is, he would become a virtual apojiate, and forfeit the protection and privileges
o f a believer. T h e confequence attending a breach o f the contract o f fubjedtion is mentioned.
a.liqle.further o n ..
A Zimmee's
contract of
fubjeftion is
not diflblved
by his com-
miflion of a
crime;
A Z iM M E E s .
nor unlefs he
abfeond to the
infidels, or attack
the Muf-
fulmans,