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 MERULA VINITINCTA,   Gould. 
 Vinous-tinted  Blackbird. 
 Merula vinitincta, Gould in Proc.  of Zool  Soc., July  24,  1855. 
 A mong  the various writers  on  ornithology,  some confine  their  labours  to  the  birds of  particular countries,  
 while  others  take  up  the  subject in  the  most  extended sense  by studying  the birds of  our globe  generally.  
 Those of  the latter class  cannot but have been  struck with the facts,  that while certain forms  are universally  
 dispersed, others have a less extended range;  and that while in some  countries  certain genera are numerous,  
 in  others of  close  proximity,  and  apparently  quite  as  well  adapted  for  their  residence,  they  are  entirely  
 absent.  For instance, members  of  the  genus  Corvus,  or  typical  crows,  are  to  be found  in  North America,  
 but  not  in  South America:  of  this form,  too,  members  of which are  numerous  throughout the Old World,  
 that  is  in  Europe,  India,  China  and Africa,  and in Australia,  no example is  to be found in  New Zealand or  
 in  Polynesia.  The  Swallow  tribe  may also  be  cited  as  a  case  in  point;  numerous  species being found in  
 Australia, while  none  occur in  New  Zealand,  and few  if  any among  the more  northern  Polynesian  Islands.  
 The  genus Merula,  of  which  the  bird  now  under  consideration  is  a  typical  example,  is  a  familiar  form  
 in  Europe,  India, Africa and  South America;  but in  the  great country of Australia and in New Zealand no  
 species has yet been  discovered;  yet, strange to  say,  the form  does  exist,  and two very distinct species have  
 been discovered  in Lord Howe’s and Norfolk Island—two small spots lying nearly midway between  those two  
 countries.  This  is  most puzzling  to  an  ornithologist who makes  the  birds  of  the world  his  study,  for  he  
 is  at  a  loss  to  conceive why this form  and  some  few  others  should  thus  be  dotted over  the  face  of  the  
 globe;  and  the  mystery I fear will  not  be  readily  solved.  That, however,  such  is  the  fact,  is  proved  by  
 Mr. MacGillivray having  procured  two fine  examples  of  the  present bird  on  Lord Howe s  Island.  I regret  
 that  no  account  of  their  habits  accompanied  the  specimens,  as  it would be  most interesting to  know what  
 is  the  character  of  the  vegetation  and  other  circumstances  favourable  to  the  existence  of  a  species  so  
 intimately allied to  our own well-known Blackbird.  In  size  and form  this bird very closely approximates to  
 the Merula Nestor of Norfolk Island,  but  differs  very considerably in  its colouring. 
 The  male  has  the head and nape blackish-brown ;  upper surface  and wing-coverts  reddish-brown;  wings  
 brown,  margined with  olivaceous;  tail  brown;  throat  dark  bluish-grey;  under  surface  vinaceous re d ;  bill  
 bright gamboge-yellow;  eyelash yellow;  tarsi  and toes  yellow. 
 The Plate  represents  the  two  sexes  of the  size  of life.