1. Nicolea venustula, Montagu, 1818. Plate CXII, fig. 5—body; Plate CXIX, figs. 6
and 6a—branchia and ovum; Plate CXX, fig. 12—branch», and 12a and 12 6—
branchia, var. zostericola; Plate CXXVI, figs. 2—2d—bristles and hooks, and
2 b" and 2 b'" a—bristle and hook of variety.
Specific Characters.—Cephalic collar forms a small rim dorsally, and behind it is a
row of distinct eye-spots. Tentacles numerous and grooved. Body typical, forty to
fifty (seventy-four, Marenzeller; one hundred, Hessle) segments, terminating in an anus
posteriorly. Ventral shields thirteen (seventeen, Marenzeller), of a pale brown throughout,
sparsely speckled with white spots.1 Branchiae, two pairs variable in length, sometimes
with a short, at others with a long stalk, then dichotomously divided with few short terminal
branches; the first is considerably the larger. Fourteen glandular plates ventrally.
Seventeen setigerous processes on each side (fifteen in young and in those from Scandinavia).
Bristles in single series, with narrow wings on the somewhat long and tapered tips.
The first occurs behind the second branchia (fourth segment). The avicular hooks begin
on the fifth segment (seventh, Carus), have a single tooth above the chief fang; base
somewhat small, the lower edge evenly convex, and the process on the anterior edge
curves upward. Nephridia in segments 3—7; in the male the nephridial papilla in
the sixth and seventh segments cirriform. Colour reddish brown with white spots.
Frequents soft tubes of sand and mud.
Synonyms.
1818. Terebella venustula, Montagu. Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xii, p. 344;~Tab. xiii, fig. 2.
1829. „ longicomis, Sars. Bidrag., p. 28.
1843-58. ,, venustula, Chenu. Illust. Conch., IIe livr., pi. iv, fig. 3.
1844. „ zostericola, (Ersted. Region. Mar., p. 68. •
1845. „ venustula, Chenu. Bibl. Conch., t. i®, p. 266, pi. xxiv, fig. 2.
1849. „ parmla, Leuckart. Arch. f. Naturges., 15 Jahrg., p. 175, Taf. iii, fig. 6.
1851. ,, venustula, Grube. Fam. Annel., p. 81.
,, zostericola, idem. Ibid., p. 81.
1853(f). „ textrix, Dalyell. Pow. Créât., vol. ii, p. 206, pi. xxvii, figs. 15—18.
1860. „ zostericola, Grube. Arch. f. Naturges., Bd. xxvi, p. 98.
1865. Nicolea „ Malmgren. Nord. Hafs.-Annul., p. 381, Tab. xxvi, fig. 76.
i, Physelia „ De Quatrefages. Annel., tom. ii, pp, 372 and 397.
Terebella venustula, Johnston. Cat. Worms Brit. Mus., p. 238.
. ,, textrix, idem. Ibid., pp. 239 and 345.
1867. Nicolea zostericola, Malmgren. Annul. Polych., p. 109.
,, Terebella venustula, Parfitt. Cat. Devon Annel., p. 32.
1868 (?). „ vestita, Claparède. Annél. Nap., p. 397, pi. xi, fig. 4.
1869. „ zostericola, McIntosh. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxv, p. 423, pi. xv, fig. 15.
1873. „ „ Mcebius. Exped. Ostsee, pp. 109 and 152.
,, ?. Nicolea „ and a/rctica, Kuppfer. Ibid., p. 152.
„ Malm. Annul. Gôteb., p. 97.
„ McIntosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., 4 ser., vol. xiv, p. 205.
,, idem.- Invert, and Fishes St. Andrews, p. 129.
1874.
1875.
1 First segment with two lateral spines (Carus). Papilla under branchia 2, and behind the
setigerous tubercle of 6 and 7, then pinnules to segment 21.
1878. Nicolea zostericola, McIntosh. Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, Zool., p. 508.
,, Terebella ,, Lenz. Jahrb. Comm. deut. Anhang., p. 11.
1879. Nicolea ,, Tauber. Annul. Danica, p. 132.
1883.
, „ Théel. Kongl. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. xvi, p. 63.
, „ Levinsen. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 176.
, arctica, Wirén. Chætop. “ Vega” Exped., p. 420.
, venustula, Marenzeller. Sitzb. K. Akad. Wien, Bd. lxxxix, p. 85, Taf. ii, fig. 2.
, „ Carus. Fauna Medit., i, p. 264.
,, „ Marenzeller. Polarforsch., p. 14.
, zostericola, Webster. Chset. Eastport, Maine, U.S. Com. F. and F., p. 749.
, venustula, E. Meyer. Arch. f. Nat., lv, p. 133.
1884.
1885. ,;
1886.
1887.
1889. „
1890.
1891. „
1893.
1894. ^
,, Marenzeller. Annul. Beringsmeers, p. 2.
,, Hornell. Trans. Biol. Soc. Liverp., vol. v, p. 258.
„ Lo Bianco. Atti R. Accad. Sc. Nap., vol. v, No. 11, p. 55.
„ De St. Joseph. Ann. Sc. nat., 7e ser., xvii, p. 207, pi. ix, figs. 235—240.
, „ Bidenkap. Christ. Vet.-Akad. Hand)., p. 129.
1897. ,,
1898.
1899.
1904. „
1906. „
1908.
. ,, Michael sen. Polych. deutsch. Meere., p. 170.
,, idem. Grönland Annel., ,p. 129.
,, . Ssolowiew. Ann. Mus. St. Pétersb., t. iv, p. 214, Taf. xi, fig. 9.
zostericola, Journ. M. B. A., vol. vii, p. 229.
,, De St. Joseph. Ann. Sc. nat., 9e sér., t. iii, p. 236.
venustula, Ehlers. Denksch. Medic.-naturwiss. Gesellsch. Jena, Bd. xiii, p. 48.
zostericola, idem. Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped., p. 145.
1909. „ arctica, Fauvel. Ann. Sc. nat., 9® sér., t. x, p. 209.
venustula, idem. Bull. Inst. Ocean., cxlii, p. 30.
zostericola, Percy Moore. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxvii, p. 141.
1910.
1911.
1912.
,, Southern. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxviii, p. 237.
venustula, Fauvel. Bull. Instit. Oceanogr., No. 194, p. 38.
arctica, Meyer, A. H. Inaug. Dissert. Kiel, p. 41.
venustula, Crawshay. Journ. M. B. A., vol. ix, p. 343.
zostericola, Wolleboek. Skrift. Selsk. Krist., Bd. ii, No. 18, p. 95, pi. xxx, figs. 6—10.
1913. „ venusttila, Augener. Zool. Anz., Bd. xli, p. 269.
,, Ehlers. Deutsch. Südpol. Exped., p. 559.
zostericola, Giard. OEuvres Div., p. 57.
1914. „ venustula, Southern. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxxi, No. 47, p. 123.
,, Fauvel. Campag. Scient. Monaco, xlvi, p. 298.
1915. ,; „ McIntosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. xv, p. 19.
,, Allen. Journ. M. B. A., vol. x, p. 635.
zostericola, idem. Ibid., p. 635.
venustula, Southern. Irish Sc. Invest.; No. 3; p. 46.
1917. „
1920.
zostericola, Rioja. Anél. Poliq. Cantab., p. 53.
veimstula, Chamberlin. Canad. Arctic Exped., vol. ix, B., p. 22.
Habitat.—Those with longer stalks to branchia from the fishermen’s lines off St.
Andrew’s Bay (E. M. and R. M.); West Sands after storm (W. C. M.); West Rocks
near the Pole, St. Andrews (R. M.).; Pier Rocks, St. Andrews. Numerous examples
occurred in tubes in the tissue of Alcyonidium hispidam attached to stones beyond the pole
at the West Rocks in May and many in tangle-roots (E. and R. M.). Somewhat common
between tide-marks, where the young forms occur in numerous colonies. One of the