1875.
1879.
1883.
1884.
1888.
1891.
1894.
1896.
1897!
1898.
1899.
1904.
1909.
1911.
1912.
1914.
1915.
1917.
Amphitrite jigulus, McIntosh. Invert, and Fishes St. Andrews, p. 129.
„ Johnstoni, Tauber. Annul. Danica, p. 130.
„ ,, Levinsen. Vidensk. Meddel., p. 175.
„ brunnect, Marenzeller. Sitzb. Akad. wiss. Wien., Bd. lxxxix, p. 24.
„ ,, Webster and Benedict. Rep. Com. F. and F. U.S.A., p. 732.
„ Johnstoni, Cunningham and Ramage. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxiii, p. 661,
pi. xliii, fig. 23.
„ jigulus, Hornell. Trans. Biol. Soc. Liverp., vol. v, p. 257.
,, Johnstoni, Bidenkap, Christ. Vid.-selsk. Forhandl., p. 127.
„ ,, Orlandi. Atti del Soc. Ligustica di Sc. nat. e geogr., t. vii, p. 157.
„ ,, Michaelsen. Polych. deutsch. Meere., p. 168.
„ „ De St. Joseph. Ann. Sc. nat., 8® sér., v, p. 421.
h' brunnea, Ssolowiew. Ann. Mus. St. Pétersb., t. iv, p. 202, Tab. xii and xiii, fig. 12.
,, Johnstoni, Journ. M. B. A., vol. vii, p. 239.
o „ Fauvel. Ann. Sc. nat., 9® sér., t. x, p. 209.
» ,, Riddell. . Proc. Liverp. Biol. Assoc;, vol. xxv, p. 63.
» ' Wollebsek. Skrift. Selsk. Krist., Bd. ii, No. 18, p. 103, pi. xxxvi,
figs. 1—3, pi. xxxviii, fig. 2.
,, Stimpsoni, Meyer. Inaug. Dissert. Kiel, p. 34.
„ Johnstoni, Southern. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxxi, No. 47, p. 122.
„ jigulus, McIntosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. xv, p. 6.
,, Johnstoni, Southern. Irish Sc. Invest., No. 3, p. 46.
Neoamphitrite jigulus, Hessle. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala, Bd. v, p. 182.
Habitat.—Not uncommon in various parts of the British shores, as at Berwick
Bay (Johnston) ; from tangle-roots, and also from deeper watemutside the bay ; under
stones on: sand near low water, St. Andrews, and in débris of the fishing boats from deeper
water (E. and R. M.) ; in sandy creeks at Lochmaddy (W. C. M.) ; off Inverary (J. G. J.) ;
Joppa (Cunningham and Ramage) ; Isles of Arran (E. P. Wright) ; “ Porcupine ” Expedition
of 1869 in 165 fathoms in muddy sand; Blacksod Bay and other parts on the West
Coast of Ireland, usually in wide deep tunnels in Zostera-beds, lining the tunnel with mud
(Southern).
Elsewhere it is found in Sweden, Norway and Finmark (Malmgren, Malm,
Wollebæk); Canada (coll. Dr. Whiteaves); Mediterranean (Orlandi, etc.); New England,
TJ.S.A. (Verrill) ; White Sea (Ssolowiew) ; North Sea (Pryde)1 ; St. Vaast-la-Hougue
(Fauvel).
The cephalic region differs from that of A. cvrrata in the great development of the
fold in front of the tentacles, and which forms an arch over the mouth. At its outer
edges it bends backward to become continuous -with the broad, dark, brownish fold behind
the tentacles, which, however, in this form is limited in extent, for the median portion is
narrow. This structure of the posterior fold is characteristic. The mass of grooved and
frilled tentacles springs from the hollow between these arches, and forms a centre of very
active functions during the life of the animal, their colour then being pale orange or pink.
The projecting dorsal portion of the arch or lip is dark brown inferiorly. Many cells and
granules occur in the interior of the tentacles. Below the dorsal arch is the mouth, and
1 This talented young zoologist fell in the last battle with the Germans in East Africa—as he led the King’s African Rifles.
beneath is a globular process followed by the lower lip, which is separated by a groove on
each side from the folds or arches. Behind the lower lip ventrally is a well-marked
collar with a crenated anterior border stretching completely across the ventral surface in
the line of the first branchiae. It has a rounded, free edge dorso-laterally, and a median
and two smaller crenations at its posterior border, and these probably usher in the change
seen in the next ring, which has a distinct, though small median scute or pad.
The body is 6—8 inches in length, enlarged in front and tapering toward the
posterior end, as usual in the family. The segments number from ninety to one hundred,
and of these twenty-four bear bristles, the first being opposite the third or last pair
of branchiae. The dorsum anteriorly is tessellated in the preparations somewhat as
in Scalibregma, each of the two rings in the segments being crossed antero-posteriorly
by folds which cut the ring into narrow spaces. On the ventral side of the second
branchia is a papilla, the forerunner of the setigerous process which follows in the next
segment. Moreover, below each setigerous process is a small papilla, as in A. cirrata,
but these are continued for sixteen segments instead of the few •in A. cirrata. The
bristle-tuft is situated at the posterior part of one ring, whilst the following ring
lies between the bristle-tufts. This arrangement, however, extends only throughout
thirteen or fourteen rings, viz., from the interval between the second and third branchiae
backward. Then the rings are marked by transverse furrows, each being thus divided
into two, whilst further backward, as the space between the bristles increases, into
a larger number of rings. In some cases the posterior lamellae for the hooks are
asymmetrical, an intermediate lamella occurring on one side only. The posterior
segments show less regularity in their narrow transverse dorsal furrows. The body
diminishes and ends in a terminal anus. The colour of the body is pale orange.
Behind the first distinct scute, or ventral shield, already mentioned in connection
with the mouth, is a narrow elongated one, followed by thirteen others, those immediately
succeeding the very narrow one gradually, though slightly, increasing in antero-posterior
diameter to the eleventh or twelfth, whilst the last three or four are rudimentary, being
rounded or shield-shaped median elevations, which gradually end in a moniliform and
somewhat elevated ventral ridge, by-and-by lost in the groove posteriorly.
The branchiae are three in number, of a fine dark red colour and slightly mottled
under a lens. They coil and twist actively under examination. The first is the largest,
the third the smallest. Each springs from a cylindrical base, which soon divides
dichotomously, though occasionally a small tuft of three short filaments may be found
on the main stem of the first branchia. The terminal branches are long and tapering,
and in life these give the aspect of gills formed of simple filaments. Each filament is
enveloped in a transparent structureless cuticle, whilst the centre is marked by coherent
granular tissue arranged in a close series of transverse rows so as to give the whole
a finely barred aspect. No distinct longitudinal fibres are apparent, though in some a
longitudinal canal is seen. In the basal region are many large compound bodies—the
“ blood-globules ” of Williams.
A small conical papilla situated in the groove close to the exterior of the second
pair of branchiae marks the commencement of the setigerous processes, though it has
no bristles, and it is in a line with the second post-oral fold, in the centre of which