1. Ampharete acutifrons, Grube, 1860. Plate CXII, fig. 3—entire animal; Plate CXVI,
fig- 8—anterior end; Plate CXXIV, figs. 4—4 c"—palege, bristles and hooks.
Specific Characters.—Cephalic lobe more or less pentagonal; at the posterior border
is a minute, simple eye on each side. Buccal segment shorter than the cephalic lobe,
its tentacles pennate. Palege have flattened, striated shafts and a tapered tip with a
granular interior, whilst the concave edge of the slender tip is crenulate. About fifteen
on each side.
Body measuring 60—80 mm., anterior end bluntly conical, only slightly tapered,
then diminishing to a somewhat slender tail, which terminates in an anus with about
twenty cirri around it. The dorsal surface is smooth and rounded, the ventral somewhat
flattened, and with glandular transverse ridges on the wide part in front. The fourteen
bristled segments are narrow, whilst the twelve hook-bearing posterior segments
are antero-posteriorly elongated. Branchige on the third and fourth segments, four
pairs, simple, subulate. Bristles with a nearly cylindrical shaft, and a finely tapered
hair-like tip which has wings. Hooks have six to nine teeth, the anterior border
forming a right angle with the axis, whilst the posterior border curves to .the
prow at the smaller end. Blood green; dichroic. Nephridia in the fourth and sixth
segments.
Coloration—male pale greenish, female pale salmon. The brownish stomach is seen
through the integument and surrounded by a greenish blood-sinus, whilst the anterior
lobes of the stomach are brick-red (Fauvel). Tube membranous, covered with
agglutinated sand.
S ynonyms.
1843-53. ? Pherusa Mulleri, Chenu. Illust. Conch., IIe. livr., pi. vii, fig. 7.
1860. Amphicteis acutifronè, Grube. Archiv f. Naturges, Bd. xxvi, p. 109.
1863. Branchiosabella zostericola, Claparède. Beobach., pp. 34—36, pi. xiv, figs. 32—37.
1865. Amphicteis acutifrons, De Quatrefages. Annel., t. ii, p. 394.
„ Ampharete Grubei, Malmgren. Nord. Hafs. Annul.,1867. „ p. 363, Tab. xix, fig. 44. „ idem. Annul. Polych., p. 104.
1869. „ >, Grube. Jahresb. Schl. Gesell., pp. 68, 69. 1871. . „ ', idem. Ibid., p. 78, sep. abdr., p. 11. 1873. „ ,, Möbius. Jahr. Comm, deutsche, 1871, p. 109. 1874. „ „ Malm. Annul. Göteborg, Kongl. Yet. Handl., vol. xiv, p. 95. 1875. „ „ Möbius. Jahr. Comm, deutsche, 1872, p. 163.
18»7 9. »„ - , ;„ Marion. Rev. Sc. nat., iv, p. 308. ,, Amphicteis ,„ Tauber. Annul. Danica, p. 127. 1883. „ ,-, Theel. Kongl. Svensk. Yet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xvi, p. 59. „ Ampharete , Wiren. Chastop. “ Vega” Exped., p. 413. 1889. „ . , Levinsen. Yidensk. Meddel., p. 162. 1891. „ ' Marenzeller. Arch. f. nat., lv, p. 132. i Hornell. Liverp. Mar. Biol., vol. iii, p. 161.
» » >., idem. Trans. Biol. Soc. Liverp., vol. v, p. 258.
1894. Ampharete Grubei, Bidenkap. Christ. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., p. 122.
1895. „ „ Fauvel. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand., t. ix, pp. 329—348.
„ idem. Mem. Soc. Nat., etc., Cherbourg,%t; xxix, p. 340.
1896. „ ,. idem. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand., 4e sér., vol. x, p. 70.
1897. „ ,, Michaelsen. Polych. deutsch. Meere, p. 162.
„ „ Fauvel. Bull. Sc. de Fr. et Belg., t. xxx, p. 289, pis. xv-—xxiv.
1901. ,, Whiteaves. Mar. Invert. E. Canada, p. 74.
1907. „ „ Fauvel. Bull. Inst. Ocean., No. 107, p. 32.
1909. „ ' ,, idem. Ann. Sc. nat., 9e sér., t. x, p. 209.
1910. „ „ Southern. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxviii, p. 239.
„ Skorikow. St. Petersb. Mus. Zool. Ann., xv, p. 233.
1912. „ „ Wollebæk. Skriv. Yid.-selsk. Krist., No. 18, p. 50, pl. x. Ag- 3
1914. „ ,, Southern. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxxi, No. 47, p. 129.
- ” : „ „ Fauvel. Campag. Scient. Monaco, Fasc. xlvi, p. 282.
,ƒ ' . ,, McIntosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. xiii, p. 96.
„ „ Ditlevsen. Polych. Annel. (Meddel. Gr#nl.), p. 720,
1915. „ „ Southern. Irish Sc. Invest., No. 3, p. 47.
1917. „ acutifrons, Hessle. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala, No. 5, p. 96.
Habitat,—Not uncommon in 80—100 fathoms in St. Magnus Bay, Shetland, where it
was first dredged by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys in 1867; in 20 to 40 fathoms in Dingle Bay, and
at Bundoran, Donegal Bay, in the “ Porcupine ” Expedition of 1869. Large examples
were procured in the stomach of the cod and haddock off St. Andrews Bay (E. M.);
dredged off the coast of Durham (Prof. G. S. Brady) ; dredged in 11 fathoms amongst
tangle-roots in Bressay Sound (W. C. M.); Irish Sea (Hornell), Lambay, Dublin,
Blacksod and Clew Bays (Southern).
It occurs elsewhere in the Channel, Cattegat, Atlantic; Spitzbergen, Greenland,
Sweden (Malmgren, Marenzeller, etc.), Nova Zembla and the Kara Sea (Th6el). Extends
to Canada, where it was dredged by Dr. Whiteaves in 220 fathoms, between Anticosti and
the south shore. Siberian and Behring’s Seas (Wiren). Kiel (Mobius).
The cephalic lobe (Plate CXVI, fig. 8) is, as Fauvel describes, more or less pentagonal,
the two anterior lines of the pentagon sloping obliquely forward and inward so as to
make a blunt cone. At the posterior border of this region is on each side a minute eye,
generally indistinct in spirit-preparations.
The buccal segment is narrow and bears inferiorly the buccal tentacles, which Fauvel
frequently found in life in the mouth. The tentacles taper from base to apex, which in
the preparations is often slightly enlarged.
The base of each is smooth, then small papillae appear laterally, and increase in
length in the slender distal region of the organ, the tip, however, being bare. A typical
papilla is a translucent, cylindrical process of the hypoderm covered with cuticle, and
having microscopic palpocils at the tip, the space between the rows of papillae being
ciliated, whilst the convex dorsal surface has palpocils, and their cavities communicate
with the coelomic space (Fauvel). In structure these papillae thus differ from those of
Sabellides, which have the internal axis.
The mouth has, when closed, a puckered margin with a conical anterior fold, the
tentacles with their plate of insertion being drawn inward, the parts in their respective