1867. Melinna
1868. SahelUdes
1871. Melinna
1873.
1874. „
1875.
1878. „
1879.
1883. „
1884. „ .
1885.
1886. „
1887.
1888.
1889. „
1894. „
1896.
1901. „
1907. „
1908.. „
1911. „
1912. „
1914. „
cristata, Malmgren. Annul. Polych., p. 106.
„ Sars. Vidensk.-selsk. Forhandl., p. 10 (sep. copy).
„ Grube. Schles. Gesell. (1870), p. 80.
„ Kupffer. Jahresb. Komm, deutsch. Meere., 1871, p. 151.
„ McIntosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vol. xiv, p. 204.
„ Malm. Fauna Göteb. (Kongl. Vet. Handl.), vol. xiv, p. 96.
„ Verrill. Invert. Vineyard Sound, Rep. U.S. Com. F. and F., I, 1871—72,
pp. 432 and 613.
„ Ehlers. Zeit. f. wiss. Zool., Bd. xxv, p.‘27.
„ Lütken. Arctic Man., p. 174.
„ Marion. Rev. Sc. nat., t. iv, p. 307.
. „ McIntosh. Invert, and Fishes St. Andrews, p. 129.
,, Möbius. Jahresb. Comm, deutsch. Meere. (1872).
„ Marenzeller. Denks. Math. Naturw. K. Akad. wiss. Wien, vol. xxxv, p. 391.
,, Tauber. Annul. Danica, p. .129.
„ Théel. Kgl. Sv. Vet.-akad. Handl., Bd. xvi, p. 68 (sep. copy).
,, Levinsen. Vidensk. Meddel. Copenhagen, p. 160.
„ Webster and Benedict. Rep. Com. F. and F., U.S.A., for 1881, p. 732.
„ Wirén. ' Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., n.f., vol. xxi.
„ Levinsen. Kara-Havets, etc., p. 11.
,, Ehlers. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xv,- p. 232.
„ Webster. Chsetop. Eastport, Maine (U.S. Com. F. and F.), p. 748.
„ Cunningham and Ramage. Trans, Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxiii, p. 660,
pl. xlii, fig. 22.
,, Grieg. Bergens Mus. Aarb., p. 8.
„ Bidenkap. Christ. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., p. 120.
,, Appellöf. Bergens Mus. Aarb., p. 12 (sep. copy).
,, Whiteaves. Mar. Invert. E. Canada, p. 74.
„ Fauvel. Bull. Inst. Ocean., No. 107, p. 34.
„ Moore. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., p. 349.
„ Ehlers. Deutsch. Tiefsee-Exped., p. 44.
,, Riddell. Proc. Liverp. Biol. Assoc., vol. xxv, p. 63.
,, Wollebæk. Skriv. Vid.-selsk. Krist., No. 18, p. 65, pl. xiv, figs. 1—9.
„ Meyer, A. H. Inaug. Dissert. Kiel, p. 23.
„ Fauvel. Campag. Scient. Monaco, Fasc. xlvi, p. 291.
„ McIntosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. xiii, p. 104.
„ Ditlevsen. Polych. Annel. (Meddel. Grçml.), p. 723.
„ Hessle. Zoôl. Bidr. Uppsala, No. 5, p. 92.
Habitat. —Abundant in the stomachs of the cod at St. Andrews (E. M.).
Forth (Cunningham and Ramage).
Elsewhere it was dredged in 220 fathoms by Dr. Whiteaves between Anticosti and
the south shore in 1878; Bouvet Island (Ehlers), Greenland; Norway and Sweden, Fin-
mark, Spitzbergen, etc. (Loven, Ljungman, Malmgren, Norman, Fauvel and Hessle);
a characteristic form in the Norwegian waters, 300 fathoms off Norway (Sars). New
England, U.S.A., and Atlantic coast (Verrill). Kara-Havets (Levinsen)i Barentz Sea
(McIntosh). Arctic Sea (Marenzeller). North Pacific coast, North America (Moore).
The head varies in aspect according to the condition of the tentacles.. In contraction
when these are withdrawn within the mouth the anterior end presents dorsally a short,
bluntly-rounded process with (in some) a notch in the centre. In extrusion of the
tentacles there is a flattened lamella, from the anterior edge of which the somewhat
clavate tentacles project. The tentacular lobe is separated by a deep dorsal groove from
the next segment, the groove passing laterally downward to the mouth in front of the
posterior lip. Two basal processes arise from the third segment, each of which soon splits
into two anterior and two posterior rather long tapering bran chi«, the larger being the
inner of the anterior pair on each side, the two outer being considerably less than the
inner posterior. The posterior lip forms a lamella with a free anterior edge which curves
upward on each side to form a prominent collar at the angle (thus differing from M.
elisabethse), then it turns backward to the edge of the denticulated membrane of the fourth
setigerous segment. The latter, the lower lip and the lateral folds thus form a kind of
base or sheath for all the parts in front. The transverse and free fold just alluded to has
about a dozen denticulations of nearly equal size on its free or anterior edge.
The body is somewhat clavate, broad at the branchial region and gently tapering to
the slender posterior extremity, which is characterised amongst the Ampharetid« by its
great length, no less than about fifty segments occurring in it. The anus is terminal,
comparatively large for the size of .the region, and in the only example in which the part
is apparently complete a few short papillae occurred on the edge. Above or beneath the
anus is a vertical slit with the lateral edge projecting on each side. The dorsal surface
of the body is rounded and smooth, whilst the ventral surface is marked anteriorly
as far as the fourteenth bristle-bundle by the glandular thickening in each segment;
thereafter a median groove is continued to the slender region near the tip of the tail.
Hessle1 found two glands at the sides of the hooks on the dorsal surface behind the
branchiae. He regards these hooks as representing a reduced fourth segment. The
glands have a muscular investment and their duct communicates with the hollow hook.
The first three bristle-bundles are small, and form a slightly oblique row in the
preparations along the edge of the flap between the mouth and the denticulated border on
the dorsum of the fourth bristled segment. These have no evident setigerous process,
since they are immersed in the tissues of the region, but the tips are occasionally modified,
probably by friction, so that they are bent nearly at right angles and split, so as to
resemble hooks. The following fifteen pairs have, when fully developed, a prominent and
somewhat conical setigerous process from which the long pale golden bristles project,
either transversely or in a slightly backward direction. The bristles (Plate CXXV, fig. 1)
have long, finely striated shafts, and slightly curved and winged tips which taper to a
delicate point. A shorter series occurs amongst the foregoing, their finely-tapered tips
falling short of the longer by a considerable interval.
Between the basal region of the branchiae on each side and the denticulated margin
of the dorsal collar is a powerful hook (Plate CXXV, fig. 1 cl), which in the preparations
is generally conspicuous, the point being directed backward and downward. It has a
broad flattened base and shaft; the latter widens as it proceeds upward from the base to
about half its length, then narrows distally, the tip forming a sharp hook which curves
to the front. Along the dorsal or convex edge of the curve a considerable thickening of
the brittle chitinous tissue occurs, and this part is -perforated by a canal containing
1 Op. cifc., pp. 53 and 54.