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The following forms have been found in the United States or in
British America.
Var. Californicum, E a t o n :— Stalks rather long; frond much elongated,
scarcely narrowed at the base, thinly sub-coriaceous, pinnæ very
numerous, lance-linear, but slightly incised above the middle, more
and more deeply cut towards the rachis, segments rhomboid-ovate,
acute, serrate with incurved aculeate teeth, the lowest superior one
largest, but scarcely distinct as a pinnule, and not at all auricled.—
Ferns of the South-West, p. 3 36 .— Aspidium Californicum, E a t o n , in
Proc. Am. Acad., vi., p. 555. — B a k e r , Syn. F i l , p. 253.
Var. lobatum, K u n z e : — Frond lanceolate, thinly sub-coriaceous,
pinnæ lanceolate, tapering from a broad base, pinnatifid into mostly
distinct but sessile pinnules, a few of the lowest ones often somewhat
auricled on the upper side of the base.—' “ Bot. Zeit., 1848, p. 356.”—
M i l d e , Fil. Eur. et Atlant., p. 10 5 .— A . aculeatum, var. lobatum &
var. intermedium, H o o k e r , Brit. Ferns, tt. 10, 1 1 . — Polystickum acule-
atzim & P . aculeaüim, var. lobatum, M o o r e , Nat. Pr. Brit. Ferns, tt.
X., xi.
Var. angulare, B r a u n : — Frond oblong-lanceolate, scarcely or not
at all narrowed at the base, truly bipinnate ; pinnules distinct, short-
stalked, mostly auricled and slightly incised, the upper basal one often
largest and again pinnatifid; under-surface chaffy-fibrillose.—^D o e l l ,
Rheinische Flora, p. 2 1 .”— H o o k e r , Brit. Ferns, t. 12. — H o o k e r &
B . \ k e r , Syn. Fil., p. 252. — E a t o n , Ferns of the South-West, p. 3 36 .—
Aspidium angulare, W i l l d e n o w , Sp. PL, v . , p. — Polystickum angulare,
P r e s l , Tent. Pterid., p. 83. — M o o r e , Nat. Pr. Brit. Ferns, tt.
xii., xiii.
Var. B ra u n ii, D o e l l : — Stalk very short; frond elliptical-lanceolate,
tapering from the middle to both base and apex, bipinnate ; pinnules
1 !
mostly distinct and very short-stalked, ovate or trapezoid-oblong, obtuse,
truncate and almost rectangular at the base, slightly auricled, sharply
serrate with incurved teeth, chaffy and fibrillose beneath. — “ Rheinische
Flora, p. 27.” — G r a y , Manual, ed. ii., p. 599. — M i l d e , Fil. Eur. et
Atlant., p. 108. — Aspidium B ra u n ii, S p e n n e r , “ FI. Frib., i., p. 9, t.
2.” — M e t t e n i u s , Fil. Hort. Lips., p. 88. — Aspidium aculeatum, P u r s h ,
FI. Am. Sept., ii., p. 662 (and of American Authors generally).!
Var. scoptiiinum :— Stalk very short; frond narrowly lanceolate,
less than a foot long, scarcely one and a half inches wide, sub-coriaceous,
the chaff mostly deciduous, pinnate ; pinnæ numerous, seven to nine
lines, long, four to six lines wide at the base, ovate, rather obtuse, the
lower part pinnately lobed, the upper half serrate with pointed and
barely aculeate teeth, sori remote from the margins. — Aspidium Lonchitis,
E a t o n , in Coulter’s report in Hayden’s Sixth Annual Report of
the Geol. Surv. of Territories ( 18 7 2 ) , p. 788.
H a b . — Deep rocky ravines in mountainous districts. The first
three varieties have been found in the canons of the Coast Ranges of
California, especially in Santa Cruz and Mendocino Counties. Var.
B ra u n ii, has been found among the mountains of Northern Vermont
and New Hampshire, in the Adirondack and the Catskill Mountains of
New York, in Oswego County, New York, in the Ontonagon peninsula
of Michigan, in New Brunswick and Canada, in British Columbia, and,
according to Milde, in the island of Sitka. It was first discovered in
Smugglers’ Notch, Mount Mansfield, Vermont, by F r e d e r i c P u r s h , prob-
' I ha v e limited m y s e lf to the n e ce s sary syn o n ym y o f th is sp e c ie s . V e r y m any
more n am e s m igh t b e qu oted, and inium ie rable referen ces g iv e n ; b u t the notions
w h ich v a r io u s b otanists ha ve h e ld o f th is sp e c ie s an d its forms are so m any and so
div erse, th a t a considerable vo lum e w ould be needed to elu c id a te them a l l ; an d the
e flo n w o u ld p ro bably be b u t a w as te o f .time even i f it w e re success ful.
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