same origins of root-like filires, and tlie same
pitting of the liottom of the shallow cup; but their
iorin precludes the jiossibility of tbeir being tree-
roots. In some cases (Fig. 83), a group of so-called
F ig . 8 1 . —C.ilc.-iremi.s co n c rc tio ii in .Koli.aii liiiiesto iie, lie n n iid a s .
‘ palm-stems ’ is inclosed in a space surrounded
by a ridge, and on examining it closely Ibis outer
ridge is found to show tbe same leaf-scars and traces
of rootlets as tbe ‘ palm-stems ’ tbemselves. In some
F i(} 8 2 . — C a l c a r cm i .s c o n c r e t i o n , B e n m i d a s .
cases very irregular honey-combed iignres are ]u-o-
diiced wbicb the examination of a long scries of
intermediate forms shows to belong to tbe same
category. (Fig. 8 t.)
In th e c a v e s in tb e lim e s t o n e , o w in g to a th r e a d o f
Avater h a v in g fo u n d i t s Avay in a p a r t ic u la r d ir e c t io n
tb r o u g b tb e ¡lo ro iis s to n e o f tb e ro o f, a d rop fa lls a g e
a fte r a g e o n o n e sp o t o n th e c a v e -flo o r a c c u r a t e ly
d ir e c te d b y tb e s t a la c t it e Avbicb i t is a ll th e t im e
c r e a tin g . T b e Avater c o n ta in s a c e r ta in p r o p o r t io n o f
c a r b o n a te o f lim e , Avbicli is d e p o s it e d a s s t a la gm i t e as
F ig. 33.—C a la ir to u s co iiu retio iis in yEolian ro ck , ISeriiiiulas.
the water evaporates, and thus a ring-like crust is
produced at a little distance from the spot where the
drop falls. 'When a ring is once formed, it limits the
spread of the drop, and determines the position of the
wall hounding the little pool made by the drop. The
floor of the cave gradually rises hy the accumulation
of sand and travertine, and Avith it rise the Avails and
i 'm
!"