I p i : 49 2 V O W S. B o o k VI.
Chap. III. O f Kafdra, or Expiation.
Chap. IV . O f Vows with refpedt to entrance into, or refidence
in, a particular Place.
I §1.1 Chap. V . O f V ows refpeâing various Actions, fuch as going,
coming, riding, and fo forth.- '
Chap. VI. O f Vows in eating or drinking.
II flHH Chap. VII. O f V ows in /peaking and converfmg.
■ l I H l i Chap. VIII. O f Vows in ManumJJion and Divorce.
II II i sMBwHI l l i i l i Chap. IX, O f Vows in Buying, Selling, Marriage, &c. ■> Chapt X. O f Vows refpe&ing Pilgrimage, FaJTmg, and Prayer. Chap. XI. O f Vows in Clothing and Ornaments.
| b |i ; . Chap. XII. O f Vows in Striking, Killing, and fo forth. If. 1:11 Chap. XIII. O f yow s refpefting the Payment o f Money. m
Chap. X IV . O f Mifcellaneous Cafes.
la, i I
i l• • ■-' **, fe|( | P’
C H A P , m
1||jvuh' 1}! • Oaths [o f a
finful nature]
are o f three
kinds,
O a t h s are o f three different kinds;— f i r s t , Ghamoos;— s e c o n d ,
Moondkid, (which is alfo termed Makoodat;)— and t h i r d , Lighoo.
P e r ju r y , A Tameen Ghamoos * fignifies an oath taken concerning a thing
already
ï f fÉ I ,■
m 1 pil jf
B i|;
• Litera lly, a f a l f e o a t h , or p e r j u r y .—I t is here proper to obferve that the diftin&ions
explained in this chapter relate folely to fuch oaths or vows as, being f a l f e or b r o k e n , are
finful, and confequently fuppofed to excite the divine anger^ which muft be appeafed by
expiation:
IB I -i -iWpî IB 'iff": t f i IB ... ■
C hap. I. V O W S .
already part, in which is conveyed aii intentionalfalfehood on the part
of the /wearer:— and fuch an oath is highly finful; the prophet
having declared— “ whofoever fweareth falfely, thefameJhall G od con-
“ demn to h e ll"
K a f a r a , or expiation, is not incumbent (that is to fay, is of no
avail,) in a Tameen Ghamoos; but a repentance and deprecation of the
anger of heaven are incumbent.— Shafei alleges that expiation is incumbent,
becaufe that was ordained for the purpofo of doing away any
difrefpeft Ihewn to the name of G od, which is linful; and this dif-
refpedt is evident in a Tameen Ghamoos, as it is calling G od to witnefs
to a falfehood; a Tameen Ghamoos is therefore the feme as a Tameen
Moondkid; and as, in that, expiation is incumbent, fo in this like-
wife. The argument of our do&ors is that a Tameen Ghamoos is a
crime o f great magnitude, (or deadly J in ,)— and expiation is an a£t o f
piety, (whence it may be fulfilled by fajltng, and intention is a condition
of i t ;) but there is no expiation for a deadly f n , and confo-
quently there is none for a Tameen Ghamoos: contrary to the cafe of a
Tameen Moondkid, as that falls under the clafs of Mobah, or things indifferent.
O bjection.— T he defcription of Mobah, or indifferent, applies
to things in which there is no offence; now as a Tameen Moondkid is
of an offenfive nature, how can if be Mobah ?
R e p l y .— T he offence, in a Tameen Moondkid, occurs fubfequently to
the declaration of it, and is occafioned by a difrefpeft fhewn by the
vower to the name of G od, o f his own free option;- whereas the
offence, in a Tameen Ghamoos, exifts from the firft; and fuch bein'*
the cafe, a Tameen Ghamoos is not to be confounded with a Tameen
Moondkid.
expiation: contrary to t r u e oaths, or to vows d u ty f u l f i l l e d , as the former o f thefe are frequently
required for the fake o f ju ftice , and the latter are permitted, whence neither an
t a t h nor v o w , limply a s f u c h , can be fuppofed to require expiation.
A Y ameen