Genus L o x ia .
175. L o x i a c ü r v i r o s t r a . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. III. PI. XLV.
C ommon C r o s sb il l .
A pretty regular visitor, if not a stationary species, in Scotland, where it sometimes breeds.
176. L o x i a p i t y o p s i t t a c u s . . . . . . . . . . Vol. III. PI. XLVI.
P a r ro t C ro s sb il l .
Has occurred many times in Britain, and may have remained and bred ; but if so, no authentic instances
o f such an occurrence are on record.
177. L o x i a b i f a s c i a t a . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. III. PI. XLVII.
W h it e -w in g ed C r o s sb il l .
Hab. Northern Europe and Asia.
Many instances are on record o f this bird having been killed in the central portion o f Eu ro p e ; and it has
frequently occurred in England, and twice in Ireland.
178. L o x i a l e u c o p t e r a . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. III. PI. XLVIII.
A mer ican W h it e -w in g e d C r o s s b il l .
Inhabits North America, and is of rare occurrence in England. Besides the specimen alluded to in my
account o f the species as having been found on the shore a t Exmouth, Mr. Harting mentions other instances
of its appearance in England, and Mr. Gray one near Jedburgh in Scotland.
Genus L i n o t a .
The generic term Linota, proposed by Bonaparte, and th at o f Linaria, by Bechstein, appear to have been
both applied to this small group o f Fringilline birds, the members o f which a re principally, if not solely,
confined to the northern parts o f Europe and Asia.
179. L i n o t a c a n n a b i n a .......................................................................................................................Vol. III. PI. XLIX.
L in n e t .
Resident in and very generally distributed over Britain ; partially migrates south on the approach of
winter.
180. L i n o t a m o n t iu m . . . . . . . . . . . . V o l. III. PI. L.
T w it e o r M o u n ta in -L in n e t .
A winter visitant to England, remaining to breed in its northern counties, and also in Scotland.
Thompson states that it is resident from the north to the south o f Ireland.
Genus dSaiOTHus.
The members o f this genus, familiarly known by the name o f Redpoles, are inhabitants o f the boreal
regions o f both the Old and the New World—some o f them affecting very high latitudes, and even breeding
within the arctic circle.
181. ^ E g io th u s l i n a r i a . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. I ll PI LI
M ealy R e d po l e .
The native countries o f this bird a re Norway and Lapland, whence it migrates to England and Scotland
in autumn and winter. Is said not to have been seen in Ire lan d ; but it certainly must occur there, as it
also does in America.
182. A S g io th u s r u f e s c e n s ......................................................................................................................y 0|. m . pi. U L
L e s s e r R e d po l e .
A stationary species in B rita in ; winters in all our southern counties, and retires to the northern parts of
England and Scotland for the purpose o f breeding: according to Thompson it also nests in Ireland. With
respect to the range o f this bird, see Professor Newton’s remarks in the ‘ Zoologist’ for 1870, p. 2223.
Family STURNIDiE.
The Starlings and Pastors constitute a very natural group o f birds which chiefly inhabit Asia, Africa, and
Europe. Two, belonging to different genera, form p art o f the British fauna.
Genus S t u r n u s .
The true Starlings are few in number, only six species being enumerated in the most recently compiled
list. They are all denizens o f the northern parts o f the Old World, and are found in Europe, Asia Minor,
Persia, Afghanistan, and China.
183. S t u r n u s v u l g a r i s . . Vol. III. PI. LIII.
S t a r l in g .
184. S t u r n u s v u l g a r i s Vol. III. PI. LIV.
S t a r l i n g (young).
A resident species. Breeds in the three kingdoms, and is gregarious in autumn, winter, and spring.
Genus P a s t o r .
The birds o f this form, which are almost peculiar to the European, African, and Asiatic portions o f the globe,