herein, viz.:—five a t or near Brighton ; one in Hampshire; one in Som erset; one in Sussex; one near
London ; and one, locality not noted.
Genus L i g u r i n u s .
Four species o f this form, to which the generic names o f Ligurinus, Chloris, and Chlorospisa have been
applied, are all natives o f Europe and Asia. Japan is tenanted by one, China by another, Persia by a third,
while Europe is the home o f the type, our well-known Greenfinch.
1 6 9 . L i g u r i n u s c h l o r i s ........................................................................................................................V o l. III. PI. XXXIX.
G r e e n f in c h .
A resident species in Britain, over which, says Mr. Harting, “ it is generally distributed, even to the Outer
Hebrides, where it is found in North Uist and Harris and the Orkneys.” On the continent o f Europe it is
almost equally dispersed: and I have a specimen from Erzeroum, in P e rsia ; but I must mention that,
although a fully adult male, it is o f smaller size than examples killed in England.
Genus C o c c o t h r a u s t e s .
I believe the bird inhabiting Europe to be the only representative o f its genus ; for I very much question
whether the Japan bird is really different.
1 7 0 . C o c c o t h r a u s t e s v u l g a r i s ................................................................................................ V o l. III. PI. XL.
H aw f in c h .
This bird, which has become more plentiful o f late years, is a permanent resident in England. In
Scotland it is more scarce, and is probably confined to its southern and eastern provinces. In Ireland it is
only occasionally found.
Subfamily PYRRHULIN/E.
The well-known Bullfinch of the British Islands .is placed a t the head o f this subfamily, o f which there are
about seven species, inhabiting various parts of the world. The countries where one or other o f them are
found are Europe, Cashmere, the Himalayan regions, Bhotan, Japan, and the Azores.
Genus P y r r h u l a .
1 7 1 . P y r r h u l a v u l g a r i s . . . . . . . . . . . Vol I I I P I XLI
B u l l f in c h .
172. P yrrh ula v ulgaris . . . . . . . . . . . Vol. III. PI. XLII.
B u l l f in c h (young).
Very generally dispersed over England, Scotland, and Ireland, and, as it breeds therein, must be regarded
as a stationary species.
Genus C a rpod a cu s.
Although the propriety o f placing the Scarlet Bullfinch ( Carpodacus erythrinus) and the Pine-Grosbeak
(Pinicola enucleator) in the subfamily Pyrrhulince may be questioned, it is certainly the best situation I can
assign to them in the British avifauna.
O f the genus Carpodacus about nine species are known, some o f which inhabit America.
173. C a rpodacus e r y t h r in u s . . . . . . . . . . Vol. III. PI. XLIII.
S ca r l e t B u l l f in c h .
A native o f N orth-eastern Europe and Asia, only two instances o f the occurrence o f which in this country
are on record—one near Brighton, and another in Caen Wood, Hampstead, Middlesex.
Genus P in ico la .
Two o r three very distinct species o f Pine-Grosbeaks are now known, one o f which frequents Norway,
Lapland, and Russia; the other, P . canadensis, is as exclusively an inhabitant o f the northern portions of
America, Canada, and Hudson’s Bay.
174. P in ico la e n u c l e a t o r ..................................................................................................Vol. III. PI. XLIV.
P in e -G r o sbea k .
A very rare and inconstant visitor to the British Islands; still many instances are on record o f its having
been killed here.
Subfamily LOXIANiE.
As the great forests o f conifers are peculiar to the northern portions o f the globe, so also are the members
o f the present remarkable group of birds, whose singularly constructed bills are especially adapted for
extracting the seeds from the cones of these trees. Six o r seven species are all that are known ; and these
a re spread over the Old World, from Europe, throughout Northern Asia, to Japan, and in the New World
from the Arctic regions to Mexico. Two species come to Britain at uncertain intervals to breed.