ATLAS OF AUSTRALIA—1886.
Urisbane, and 8 miles inland fi'oin the coast. The district is agricaltura!,
the chief products being maize and sugar. On the slopes of the
low spur from the Blnckall Eauge, where lie the sources of the Wararba
and ITcGregor's Creeks, are extoosire forests. In the numerons gullies,
tho cedar tree is found to flourish; it is obtained here by timbercijttors,
and sent to Brisbane and other places. Population, 162.
CAIE,NS.-t:ui,-ns is a seaport towu of some importance, situated
at the head of Trinity Bay, on the western shore of Trinity Harbour,
and lies about 900 miles north-west fi'om Brisbane. Trinity Inlet,
xvhioh forms the embouchure of Wright Croefc, is navigable at high
water for coasting vessels of considerable tonnage, for a distance of 5
miles above the to\rn. The Dividing Chain approaches to within 10
miles of the coast, in this part of its course. The strip of country
lying between the mountains and the sea has been found to be woU
suited to the growth of sugar-cane, and is, undoubtedly, for this
purpose, one of the choicest portions of the colony. The soil is
lai^ely alluvial in character, especially on the bauks of the small
streams flowing east; its richness is evidenced by the dense junglegrowths
und scrubs found on various parts of its surface. When
cleared, these river-lands are unsurpassed for their productive
capabflity; sugar-plantations are numerous, and tbe area occupied is
rapidly increasing. Genera! agriculture also obtains in the district,
the products being those of ti-opical and semi-tropical climates.
Tobacco is extensively grown, and maize, and even potatoes, are
produced. Rearing stock is followed by some of the settlers. Cedar
is found in the forests, nnd sent to Brisbane and other ports. The
situation of the toivn is low, being noav the margin of the sea, but a
few miles inland rise the outlines of the Isley Hills, and the Lamb
Range, while, on the eastern side of the Bay, towards False Cape, are
seen the Murray Prior Range, and Grant Hill. Cftims is the natnral
outlet for a large extent of mineral country. To the south is the
Mulgrave Gold-Seld, farther inland, the Wild River, with its tin and
silver deposits, and on the western slope of the Dividing Chain is the
Hodgkinson Gold-field. Its importaneo in regard to trade may
be gathered from the following statistics, showiug the aunual value
mports and exports from 1 ;0to 1884:—
1»8» as,811 84;S43
1894 61,17(1 70.1!ll
Situated within the tropics, the heat of summer is of an oppressive
character, but the climate is regarded as healthy. The rainfall varies
between 70 and 100 inches annually. Population, 1,376,
CALLIOPE.—Between the CalUope and Boyne Rivers, on a
small tributary of the former, about 14 miles south-west from Gladstone,
and 12 miles inland from Port Curtis. The CalUope Gold-field
lies immediately to the south. The country around is suited to
graning and general agriculture.
C AMB O O N .—O n the O.'i-track Creek, a tributary of the Dawson
River, about 180 miles, in a sti-aight line, west from Bundaberg. The
laud on the banks of the Dawson and its numerous tributary streams,
is well suited to pastoral pui-poses, and is held, for the most part, as
runs, by lessees from the Crown. Some distance to the east, a spur
from the main chain forms the watershed, separating the affluents of
the RawboUo and Auburn Rivers on the east, from those of the
Dawson on the west. Low ridges from this range advance into the
valleys, giving rise to various small watercourses.
CAMBOOTA.—Near the source of Hodgson's Creek, a tributary
of the Condamine River, about 13 miles south-west, in a straight
line, from Toowoomba. The situation is elevated, being over 1,600
feet above the level of the sea. Immediately to the east rises the
culminating line of the Dividing Chain, which, in this part, separates
the tributaries of the Condamine flovving to the west, from the
streams falling east into the Brisbane Biver, Tbe district is an
agricultural and pastoral one. Along the banks of the creeks, in
many places, and in the valleys, the soil i.^ of a very fertile chai'acter.
It is connected with Brisbane by railway line, being distant therefrom
124 miles. A short distance south, on the banks of Hodgson's Creek,
there is an extensive coal formation. Population, .t4.
CAPZLLA.—On !i small creek of the same name, the waters of
which fall into the Mackenzie River. Extens
on all sides; these are, for the most part, )
cultivation and pasturing stock. Numerous s
Range on the east, and the Drummond Range to the west,
the countiy, addiug to it« capability for grazing purposes. Towards
the source of the Theresa Creek is the Clermont Gold-field, and a
few miles to the north-west occur deposits of copper. A branch line
from Emerald connects it with the Central Railway, which has its
terminus on the coast at Rockhanipton. Population, Iiii.
s spread out
id suited to
. t h e Peak
C A P E V I I L E — S i t u a t o d on the upper waters of the Cape
River, a tributary of the Burdekiu, about 140 miles south-west from
Townsville. The country around is auriferous, and ha« attracted
attention on account of its quartz i-eefs and alluvial workings. Some
distance to the west, rises the Great Dividing Range, while on the
north are found rugged granite ranges, reaching an elevation of
2,500 feet above the level of the sea. These latter separate the
waters of the Lolworth Creek from those of the Cape and Campaspe
Rivers, Much of the land is settled upon for pastoi-al purposes.
During some seasons, the smallness of the rainfall causes loss
to stock-ownei-s. The Northern Railway Lino, which commences
on the coast at Townsville, passes immediately to the south of
Capoville.
CABDWELL—C'Knhnill is situated near the head of Rockingham
Bay, at the mouth of Meunga Creek, opposite the north end of
Hinchinbrook Island, and distant, north-west from Brisbane, about
950 miles. The harbom^ is a very fine one, and easy of approach to
shipping. The fii-st settlement took place in the locality, in 18U3. A
short distance inland, the countiy is mountainous and i-ugged, being
crossed by a spur fi'om the main chain, which, in this part of its
course, approaches within 80 miles of the seaboard. The difficulty
encountered in crossing these mountains, has operated against the
extension, inland, of settlement. On the banks of the numerous
streams flowing east from the Coast Range, the soil is of a very fertile
description, and well suited to agriculture. Large quantities of sugarcane
ai-e grown on these lands every year. Among the remaining
agricultural products are maize, yams, and sweet potatoes. Extending
west across the ranges are dense forests, fi'om which various kinds of
timber, including cedar, are obtained. Sawmills and timber-catting
fm-nish employment to a number of persons. Stock-reaving receives
attention from some of the settlers. The port is the centre of a large
amount of trade. The imports for 1884, represented a value of
£27,532. Dugong-fishingis an important industry on this portion of the
coast. There is regular communication bet\veen Cardwell and Brisbane,
and other ports on the east coast. The rainfall varies between 55 and 70
inches annually. The heat of summer is modified, to some extent, by
the trade winds which prevail during that season; the climate is
regarded as healthy. Population, 164,
C A W A B R A L . - N e a r the source of Cawarral Creek, a small
stream flowing into Keppel Bay, and distant about 18 miles
north-east from Rockhampton. The district is both agricultural and
pastoral. The country, in many places, is mountainous, being crossed
by low spui-s from the coast ranges. Gold has been found in the
aeighbourhood, in connection with quartz reefs. Population 123
C H A N N I N G . - O i , the Little Tohanning Creek, a tributary of
;he Condamine River, and distant west about 271 miles from Brisbane.
The district is, to a large extent, pastoral. Channing lies at an
ilevatioD of over 1,000 feet above the level of the sea, and is a station
)n the Western Railway Line. Population, 2.I..
C H A R L E S T O N . - J i e a r the somce of Delaney's Creek, a
Tibutary of the Etheridge River, about 160 miles west from Cardwell.
The surrounding country includes the Etheridge Gold-field, Thei-e
lumerous reefs, but some difficulty is experienced in extracting
the gold. Copper, silver, and lead, occur in various parts of the
basins of the Gilbert River, and in connection with its numerous
tributaries. Much of tho land is suited to pastoral purposes.
GSABLBYILLE.—On the loft bank of the Warrego River,
Jbout 480 miles west from Brisbane. This portion of the colony is
almost entii-ely devoted to pastoral purposes. The small rainfall
which obtains towards the interior, precludes the possibility of agi-iculture
on an extensive scale. Many of tho settlei-s are engaged in
rearing stock, a ready market being always available in the metropolis,
and in some of tho commercial centres of the northern part of New
South Wales. Timber-cutting is a prominent industry lu the neighbourhood.
With the extension of the Western Railway Line, tliis
township will become a centre of considerable importance. Population,
47i).
C H A R T E R S TOWERS.-Charici-s Towers, tho centre of
one of the richest mining districts in the colony, lies a few miles southwest
from the right bank of the IJurdekin River, on the slopes of
Towers Hill, and is distant inland from Townsville abont 82 miles.
The gold-field extends from Dalrymple, sontli-east along the right
bank of the Burdekin, to the confluence of the Cape and Suttor Rivers,
and includes numerous quality, reefs. Tho yield of gold fi-om these
diggings during 1884, amounted to 10(j,28() ozs., a greater result than
any achieved in previous years. The discoveries which led to the
settlement of a mining population ou this gold-field, took place in tho
year 1872. The country is hilly, and, in som^ places, mountainov.s,
being crossed by spurs from the Great Dividing Chain. To tho west,
the ranges reach an elevatiou of 2,500 feet above the level of the sea.
QUEENSLAND.
Towards Dalrymple tin has been found, and, in the lower basin of the
Burdekin, silver is obtained. The land is occupied largely for rearing
stock, and, t<i a limited extent, for pasturing sheep. Communication
with the coast is by railway to Townsville. The principal indnstries
of the neighbourhood are connected with the reduction of
auriferous quartz, and the treatment of pyr
between 12 and 25 inches annually, PopuL
CHIN^CHILLA.—'
tributary of tho Conda
Brisbane, being a station '
is pastoral. Coal is kno^
Canaan Creeks,
The rainfall v
left bank of Charley's Creek,
n the Western Rai
• about
own to exist in the basins of Charley's and
ighbourhood. The country around is elevated,
les to the east, in the peaks of the Dividing
Chain. Popidation, I.ii),
CLERMONT.—Situated at the junction of Bath and Wolffang
Creeks, two small tributaries of the Nogoa River, about 227 miles
west, by railway line, from Rockhampton. The district is well known
for its mineral resources. Mining for copper has been followed in the
neighbourhood since its discovery therein 1862, and large quantities of
this metal have been obtained. The adjacent country is auriferous,
and contains gold-bearing C|uartz reefs. Coal has also been discovered.
The Peak Downs, which include a large part of the district,
are ahnost surrounded by mountains. To the east, there is the Peak
Range, and some distance west, lies the Drummond Range. Around
Clermont, settlement has taken place for agricultural puiposes, and a
ft of land has been selected. The c watered
I in the vs lopes, f
herds and flocks. From the forests in the vicinity, large quantities
of timber are obtained, and forwarded to other parts of the colony.
Population, ],I0!>.
CLEVELAND.—A watering township on the western shore of
Moreton Bay, about 20 miles east-south-east from Brisbane. The
land in the vicinity is suited to general agriculture, and is devoted, to
some extent, to the growth of the Bugai--cane. Large quantities of
bananas are also produced. There is communication with tho
metropolis both by steamer and overland. Bear
the attention of some of the settlers. Population, ^
CLONCXIRRT.—The commercial centre of
various minerals. It is situated on the right ban
River, a tributary of the Flindei-s River, about 430
west, in a straight line, from Townsville,
nNor
they I
Tbe copper deposits e:
ixtensive. Lodes of grey oi
and not infrequently, copper
; stock engages
district rich in
)f the Cloncurry
il es west-sou thand
about 240 miles south
his district are as rich as
and blui carbonates are
1 malleable ore.
The difliculty and expense of conveyance to the coast have retarded
tho development of the mining industry. The Cloncurry Gold-field
includes a large tract of country, extending east to the Williams
River. Jlining for gold has declined of late on these diggings.
Among tho remaining metals found in this part of the colony are,
silver, lead, iron, and bismuth. Much of the country is well grassed^
•upied tor pastoral purposes. With improved means of com-
1 the fnture,
niportant in the colony. Population, 449.
LINQ-WOOD.-Oi, the left bai
most
tributary of the Dii
from Aramac. This portion of the
open downs, well grassed, and suite
of sheep and cattle. The country it
«•Inch < I'erge towards t
COMETVILLE,—This toivnship
River, a little above its coiiflueiice with th
inland from Rockhampton, by railway liui
Expedition I
of the Western
ibout 180 miles west-no
Gregory District consists
in every respect to the p;
oterseoted by numerous :
s situated <
Nogoa Riv jr, and distant
Between the
the east, aud the Drummond Range on tho
downs, suited to the pasturing of sheep and
s watered by numerous streams flowing into
id its tributaries the Cometand Nogoa. These
names in various parts of the district. There
OS, Orion, Albania, and Arcadia Dowus in the
Some interest attaches to the wcinity on
1 traces of the great explorer Leichliardt that
exist, in the form of letters cut upon trees, in several places. These
remain legible. Coal has been found in the neiglibourhood, 7iear the
surface, but it has been proved to be of inferior quality. Population
258. I J I'
C O N D A M I N E . - O u the left bank of the Condamine River
about 200 miles, in a straight line, west from Brisbane, and 21 miles
south from Miles Station, on the Western Railway Line. The district
pastoral in character, la.'ge areas being devoted to the rearing of
ifall varies between Ui and 25 inches. Popucattle.
The country
the Mackenzie River a
downs reçoive difForen
are the Comet, Arctu
valley of the Comet,
account of the suppose
stuck. The
COOKTOWN-.-'
and took its rise in cc
? town 8 of < ively r. origin,
ports of th(
t coast.
Endeavour River, !
1,050 miles. The ]
with an elevation c
Associated with the
was here, aiter his narrow t
coral reef, that Captain Cook,
on the beach for repairs. ITie Palmer Biver Gold-field has somewhat
declined of late years, but the successful progress of the settlement
now depends on the more permanent industries connected with trade,
sugar-growing, general agriculture, and the bcrhe-dc-mer fishery.
During 1884, the imports represented a total value of £117,870, and
the exports, £96,864. Immediately to the north, on the Mclvor River
and Morgan Creek, the soil is well suited to the growth of sugar-cane
and plants of ti-opical climates. The country to the west and southwest
lection with the discovery of gold o
Palmer River, being the nearest point on the coast suitable for the
landing of passengers and stores. Its position, in regard to these
' a d for it a prominent place among the
It is situated near the moutli of tho
distant north-west from Brisbane about
easily entered by shipping. Mount Cook,
•ly 1,500 feet, forming a good landmark,
is an oft-quoted incident of the past. It
ipe from shipwreck on an outlying
his vessel, the Bnrfeni'cmr,
is of a rugged and mountainous chai-acter, culminating about 50
miles from the coast i
among the more recent
beds extend from the u
through the mountain
runs north into Prince
possessing v
the peaks of the Dividing Chain. Coal is
discoveries in this part of the colony, Tho
aper waters of the Annan River flowing east,
chain to the basin of the Normanby, which
ttcess Charlotte Bay. The to^vn is weU laid out,
its, and some good substantial buildings. Among
the institutions of a public character are a hospital and immigration
depot. Tho climat«, though exti-emely hot in summer, is not
regarded as unhealthy. The average i-ainfall amounts to about 79
inches annually. Population, 2,482.
COOMERA.—V postal township on the left bank of the Coomera
River, about 10 miles inland from its mouth. It lies about 40 miles
south-south-east from Brisbane. On the banks of the river, the soil
is of a very fertile character, and adapted to general agriculture.
Lat^e quantities of sugar-cane are grown, aud in connection with the
plantations are several mills for the manufacture of sugar. Potatoes
and maize also i-auk among the products of the district. From the
forests extending back to the Darlington Range, various kinds of
timber are obtained. Population, 72.
COPPERPIEIiD.—Copperfield arose in connection ^vith mining,
and, since the decline of that industry, has receded considerably
from its former position of importance. It is situated on the upper
waters of Sandy Creek, about 230 miles west from Rockhampton, and
about o miles south-west from Clei-mont, tho terminus of the branch
railway line from Emerald. Extensive deposits of copper occur in the
neighbourhood, and large quantities of this metal have been obtained
from the mines during past years. The smelting operations were
conducted on a vevy large scale, but tho works are now closed. The
Clermont Gold-field, which includes the township, extends east
from the Drummond Range to within a short distance of the base of
the Peak Range. It contains numerous quartz reefs. Attention has
now become directed to agriculture in the neighbourhood, and the
area under cultivation is being gradually increased. With the change
upor uits, there i;
anticipa • the township a
n to the prosperity of former y
Populati
C R O W S NEST.—Neai
of the Cressbrook Creek,
a tributary of tbe Brisbane Riv
of the Bunya Bunya Mountains. It lies aboi
west fi'om Brisbane, and 20 miles north from Toowoomba. Gold
has been found in the vicinity at different times, but only in small
quantities. The district is an agricultural one, Populati(
the eastern slope
CUNNAMULXA,
River, about 500 miles west fi'om B
the southern boundary of tho colon;
of a large district, and, on that acco
importance. The surrounding plai
the pasturing of sheep and cattle, t'
character to admit of agriculture. To the west the country is hilly,
being crossed by the low chains, known as Moriart/s, Helen, Hood's,
Walter's, and Willie's Hanges. Some distance to the south, on the
banks of the Noorama Creek, occur low sand-hills. The climate is
diy, the rainfall varying between 10 and 25 inches annually. Population,
503.
1 the left bank of the Warrego
!)ane, and about 70 miles from
I t forms the commercial centre
,, is a place of rapidly increasing
are almost entirely devoted to
rainfall being of too limited a
DALBY.—A town ol
i b u t a i j of the Condamii
i2 miles from Brisbane
irt, well grassed, and suited in every respect to pastoral purposes,
ool-growing and stock-rearing being the principal industries.
iportance, on the Myall Creek, a
ind distant, by railway line, about
djoining country is, for the most