r66' ‘ . 'fo A 4 U R A‘L ^ 'Ö R Y
oï tKë’^rth
nofirifliment'oF the'manure b ch'ftipated,' ‘and! lïBks'fcelbw; mftead BB 2 2 HE2S 2 ' !. M u cf After m d ië â t i^ o f treàfure Mie i f ê i ^ n d in difts and
caverns, wîiiA tK ë fe ;"b e in g dePth>'
i t j iH B t e P iW g , matfc bf
obfervingf the pofidon' âîid alteration of the!; {ti€x^‘ftrüta as we
deèend ^ '^ lnm fil V'1^ “ j j p j Ï^öö tó ^ afo
jfumed m ih c jlróta of óiie hill and th'ófe of Mnóthër half f mijfe off,
no relation betwixt the lades and jlr àih, âs-to1 depth, width, feeder,
length, c o lo u r , or texAre, and therefore Ao jûdgttierit cah be formed
ffpni 'lic fttiatioh o f the 'Jtrata in ofie piaffe, inhere,' hdwj'br nr
what cbnpöbndodés'are'to be found' in âhdtSfâr plapë /
In order to‘ make' difcoveriesj ; fothè drlvë1 aditsr or drifts through'
their "grounds, but'’few can'-prevail otf anÿ fellow^adëènturers to
bear fo heavy' àri expenôè where'the fuccefs is fo precarious. It is
much eafier, and lefs expenfive, and therefore moil common to .trace
lodes by the Scattered fragments of them called fhodes (fee pag. 1 4 ^
fe«a. iyO f and as this ls:a kind
ftand butthófc who have chiefly applied themfelëéJ
it will require more particular notice. I f tttèf ^ÖJöhil'ïn the
vegetable foil, it gives ho evMdîce^ .gj)eit^ m igh^ but if
in thë/öj?,5 (that is, thé fubble or clay never niövétf flhëë thëffoöd)
it b1 fakin’as % kévéf-flölifig proof 'feat ît^a^e-‘» f f i h, M^fertHér
up in the hill. : A s ’loon as the fhode is ;found<iihi|fe|rikteajwfth
tm f to find the lode it came from is the-next j f t$ ; the procefs
cppfifts in d ic in g pits at a proper diftance,depth/, and iri própéf
direéfion, and judicioufly régulatihg their àflvSnéës to thé lode ac-
có ï^ S g ls^ h ë properties o f ! thë "îftbdës difcét; J1 Firfl/ p é ^ïfin' 'o f
the Iode bahg khowh tô'bë in the hfll âbove the fhd le ,A iè óveral
declivities below the hill, and where water may be fuppofed to have
run with’ greateft force, muft be confidered, and there, at right
angles to fuch force, mùft the fhafts’ be placed croffmg fuch declivities.
' For inftance, let A B, Plate XVII. Fig. vn. page 149, be
the feâioh of a hill in which there is a lode running eaft1 and weft
at C ; D is the broil or loofe capping of the lode S S the outward
coat or furfacc of the ground ; the fhodes proceeding from the lode
C D,' fball be found courfing down the declivity 'of the hill in the
direction of G H. Again, Fig/’vm. Plate ibid, gives Its the ichp
Something however of fuch recitals lft&y be
feen cohered by Dr. Woodward,- Cat. vol. I.
page 201, &c»
p Subterraneous pafiages for the Water to tufi
off, and for better communication betwixt the fe-
veral parts of the mine* -
■ a Called, in the Cornifh tongue* Cofteaning-
flufts, from Qothas-Stcan, i, e. fallen or droptTinv
nography
ChFi. •; C O R N W A . L L / 167
nography or plan of the {ameiqde and-its ^iip^fed fhodes-;;, C G is
die .lode jbG Mthe'ctorfe. ofi.the fhodes :Suppofe a man at §,.. on
the ■ declivity of the hill to have. found a fhode in the .faft;-, well
{locked with tin ; in order .to, difcóver the lode whenèéiïé came,, he
finks a pit or fhaft, about fix i feet long and three wide, at L,
atóve the place where the firft Abode was found (the pit may,be about
eight feet deep, more or lefs); and. finding a fhode like to the firft, -
he pxöcebds up the hill to fink a fhaftmore atM, then at bj: and O j
and if -he finds the fhodes lefs fmoothed as .he advances, growing
deeper and in greater plenty thansat jfirft, jhe may confidently affiire
himfelf that he is growing nearer, and nearer;to thé lode defired :
finding at laft at O, that the fhodes lie as deep as the folid karn, he
is certain to cut the lode C C in a few paces: if he does, not find
any1 fhodes :in the train L M, he begins in another .direction, and
finks a ■ fide-fhaft at P, or any place next adjoining, keeping thé run
d f ithethjil- ftilh at; right angles, till lhe- find» a Jaodn o£>Uke’ fub- ,
ffaabe to -dte? ’fidSr^^nd then, ptatfiies the lode in, tl^s. feremantioned .
njanner.
5 No oüe in-Gbriiwall cmiribardii for- tin in this or^lbypther .ihan-; ^q^ix,
ner, where and when he pleafos. I f the land whefe’tHe fhode,
found &;^4Éclo{ed.”aBid{lQ#.. hpüadedy the lêaye o f the- Lord the rAsfcMn^
Soil» muft (be firft obtained i f the' land' is djoünded,; then is th|
Èèundefèé QO^bfent onïy:xiÊcóflar,y i bèt iffthé land«% ^SekfieV bounded
dof M^d&djjlbnt a waftrel or ;cóanpaon, then may anyone, mark out
ioukdP. -there, ^fcryingv Wedegal forms) and: feamh, for ;dm , Thefe
bounds am the limits/kFCparticular portions ' of groundj-., contaihing
but, oftentimes, lefs^utfleyiaré
little pits dug in the .ground about a foot wide and deepi, atkhe extreme
angles of odrtain parcels; of i land, by drawing ftraight lines
jfiom-^iehylthéjéxtentdf thefe hounds is determined; jh.$)k$ '^ ap -
}aer as rn '^omedyiiby idrawihg.lftrai^ït foies fronx jthfoe or four
pointS j ^the extent p f ;a triangle-'or quadrangular fiiperftcies is
known.
:.-;f.T,he hide being found, three things are neceflary to be confidered s^ct. X.
by the miner; firft, to difpofe of the barren rock and rubble;
condly,' to. difcharge the water; which every lode yields more or lefs, in Cornwall,
and generally in quantity fufficient to obftruét the labourer, if not •
duly attended to ; thirdly, to raife the tin ; and: all- thefe are eafily
performed-when' the workings- are near the. ftirface; but the .diffi- v
eulties increafe with the depth, and {kill and care become {fill more
and more nécéflary ,' and indeed I all the mechaniek powers, the
moft forcible engines^ * and the utmoft fagacity-. of tfe ■ chief miners,
is •