cocoons of white silk of a fine texture, measuring about -&ths o f an inch in diameter, in each
o f which she deposits from fifty to sixty spherical eggs of a yellowish-white colour, not
adherent among themselves; these cocoons are attached to walls or other objects in the
vicinity of her web, and have generally particles of plaster, whitewash, or mortar disposed on
their exterior surface.
In Scotland and Ireland this species is abundant.
The following remarkable physiological facts in connexion with Tegenaria civilis have
been ascertained by observation and experiment; namely, that both sexes change their
integument nine times before they arrive at maturity, once in the cocoon, and eight times
after quitting i t ; that a leg of a young individual, detached at the coxa six times consecutively,
may be reproduced at each succeeding change o f integument after the infliction o f the
injury; that the life of this species extends through a period of four years; that the sexual
organs of the male are connected with the digital joint o f the palpi; and that the female,
after impregnation, is capable of producing nine sets of prolific eggs in succession without
renewing her intercourse with the male, more than two years elapsing before all are deposited,
and ten months nearly intervening sometimes between the deposition of two consecutive sets.
Tegenaria silvicola. PI. XII, fig. 108.
Tegenaria silvicola, Walck., Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt., tom. iv, p. 464.
— — Blackw., Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., second series, vol. xx,
pr-500.
Hahnia — Koch, Die Arachn., Band xii, p. 158, tab. 432, figs. 1076, 1077.
Length of the female, ith of an inch I length of the cephalo-thorax, ^th, breadth, ^ th ;
breadth of the abdomen, ^ th ; length o f a posterior leg, [th J length of a leg o f the third
pair, ^th.
The legs are moderately long, provided with hairs and sessile spines, two parallel rows
of the latter occurring on the inferior surface of the tibiae and metatarsi of the first and
second pairs; the fourth pair is the longest, then the first, and the third pair is the
shortest; they have a yellowish-brown colour, with brownish-black spots on the inferior
surface of the femora, and annuli o f the same hue on the tibiae and metatarsi. The palpi are
of a uniform yellowish-brown colour. The eyes are disposed on the anterior part of the
cephalo-thorax in two slightly curved, parallel rows, whose convexity is directed backwards;
the four intermediate ones describe a trapezoid, and the two anterior ones, which constitute
its shortest side, are the smallest and darkest of the eight. The cephalo-thorax is convex,
glossy, compressed before, and rounded on the sides, which are marked with furrows converging
towards an indentation in the medial lin e ; it is of a pale-brown colour, with narrow
dark-brown margins, and oblique lines of the same hue on the sides. The falces are conical,
and inclined towards the sternum, which is heart-shaped; the maxillse are straight, and
rounded at the extremity ; and the lip is short, and somewhat quadrate, being rather broader
at the base than at the apex. These parts have a pale-brown hue, the lip and sternum
being the darkest, and the falces the palest. The abdomen is oviform, glossy, thinly clothed
with hairs, convex above, projecting over the base of the cephalo-thorax; the upper part is
of a very dark-brown colour, with a broad, dentated, yellow-brown band extending along the
middle, whose anterior part comprises a brownish-black streak, which tapers to a point at its
posterior extremity; the sides are mottled with yellowish-brown, and the under part has
three obscure, dark, longitudinal bands on a yellowish-brown ground; the spinners have a
yellow-brown hue, and the two superior ones, which are triarticulate, have the spinning-
tubes disposed on the inferior surface of the terminal jo in t; the colour o f the sexual organs
is red-brown, and that of the branchial opercula yellowish-brown.
The male, according to M. Koch, resembles the female in the design formed by the distribution
o f its colours. The radial joint of its palpi has a brownish h u e ; the colour of the
digital joint is yellow-brown, and that o f the palpal organs, which are fully developed in
winter, is dark-brown.
An adult female Tegenaria silvicola was captured in Norfolk by the Rev. Hamlet Clark,
in May 1854; and another specimen was taken by Mr. R. H. Meade in Buckinghamshire, in
the autumn o f the same year.
Genies CÆLOTES, Blackwall.
Byes disposed on the anterior part of the cephalo-thorax in two transverse, nearly
straight, parallel rows ; the intermediate ones of the anterior row, which is the shorter
of the two, and situated immediately above the frontal margin, are the smallest, arid with the
intermediate ones of the posterior row describe a trapezoid whose shortest side is before ;
each lateral pair is placed obliquely on a tubercle.
Maxïlloe powerful, curved towards the lip, enlarged at the base, externally, where
the palpi are inserted, and greatly dilated at the extremity, which is rounded on the outer
and obliquely truncated on the inner side.
Lip rather longer than broad, curved on the sides, and truncated at the extremity.
Legs robust; the fourth pair is the longest, then the first, and the third pair is the
shortest.
Cælotes saxatilis. PI. XII, fig. 109.
Ceelotes saxatilis, Blackw., Linn. Trans., vol. xviii, p. 618, tab. 39, figs. 6— 8.
— — Blackw., Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., second series, vol. viii,
p. 334.
Clubiona —- Blackw., Lond. and Edinb. Phil.- Mag., third series, vol. iii, p. 436.
Drassus — Blackw., Research, in Zool., p. 332.