As M. Walckenaer states that the description of his L inyphia Clerckii is borrowed from
Professor Sundevall’s account of Pachyynatha Clerckii, of course it must be regarded, notwithstanding
the great disparity in size, as a synonym of the latter. The spider, represented
by M. Koch as the Pachyynatha Clerckii of Professor Sundevall (‘Die Arachn.’, B. xii, p. 146,
tab. 430, fig. 1067) is quite distinct from that species, and is admitted to be an immature
individual by M. Koch himself, who remarks, “ Ich fand sie auf einer Reise in der Nähe von
Zweibrücken, aber nur Weibchen und diese nicht im Zustande vollständiger Ausbildung; ein
solches stellt die hier gegebene Abbildung vor.”
Mr. Thomas Black wall met with Pachyynatha Clerckii, which pairs in October, under
stones and rubbish in the township of Crumpsall, in the autumn, 1831; and specimens of it
have since been received from Yorkshire, Middlesex, Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, and
Berwickshire. Mr. R. Templeton states that it is common in Ireland. In it are combined
several striking characteristics of the species composing the genera Theridion and Tetrayhatha.
Allied to the former by the structure of the oral apparatus, and by the irregularity of the
insignificant web it fabricates, it resembles the latter in the form and relative length of its
legs, which it frequently extends in the same manner as Tetraynatha extensa; thus closely
connecting the Linyphiidee with the Theridiice and Epeiridee.
Pachygnatha Listeri. PI. XXII, fig. 234.
Pachyynatha Listeri, Sund., Yet. Acad. Handl., 1829, p. 210.
— — Blackw., Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., second series, vol. ix
p. 467.
Manduculus limatus, Blackw., Linn. Trans., vol. xviii, p. 667.
Length o f the female, £th of an inch; length of the cephalo-thorax, # h , breadth, ^th ;
breadth o f the abdomen, ^th ; length o f an anterior leg, ^ths ; length of a leg of the third
pair, 5th.
The abdomen is oviform, thinly clothed with short hairs, convex above, projecting over
the base of the cephalo-thorax ; it is of a red-brown colour, with a series of white, angular
lines, whose vertices are directed forwards, extending along the middle of the upper part ; on
each side there is a broad, irregular, yellowish band, which is palest at its superior margin,
and is tinged with light, red-brown below ; an obscure, yellowish streak extends along each
side of the medial line of the under part ; and the branchial opercula have a dull-yellow tint.
The cephalo-thorax is large, convex, glossy, marked with minute punctures, and has an
indentation in the medial line ; it is compressed before, rounded on the sides and in front,
and is of a red-brown colour, with a black, longitudinal band in the middle, and a few obscure
spots of the same hue on the sides, immediately above the margins. The sternum is heart-
shaped, marked with minute punctures, and resembles in colour the ground of the cephalo-
thorax. The falces àre convex in front, armed with teeth on the inner surface, and have a
very dark, reddish-brown hue, approaching to black, that of the maxillae and lip being dark,
reddish-brown. The legs are sparingly supplied with hairs, and have a pale, yellowish-brown
tin t; the two superior tarsal claws are curved and pectinated, and the inferior one is inflected
near its base. The palpi resemble the legs in colour, and have a curved, pectinated claw at
their extremity.
The male is smaller and darker coloured than the female. The fangs o f its falces have
a slight indentation near the middle, externally, and a corresponding projection within the
curve. The radial joint of the palpi is longer than the cubital, and clavate; the digital joint
consists of two parts; the shorter and slenderer part is connected with the palpal organs
on the upper side, and the longer is in contact with the same organs on the inner side and
extends a little beyond them; the palpal organs are glossy and globular at the base, with a
pointed process anteriorly, which has the appearance of being twisted, and are of a very dark,
reddish-brown colour, approaching to black.
The L inyphia manducula of M. Walckenaer (‘ Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt.’, t. iv, p. 482) is
the same as Manduculus lim atus, and, consequently, lapses into a synonym of Pachyynatha
L isteri. This species occurs under stones and on bushes in woods about Oakland, and the
male has the palpal organs completely developed in September. It has also been captured in
Lancashire, Yorkshire, and Northamptonshire.
In the ‘ Transactions of the Linnean Society,’ vol. xviii, p. 668, it is proposed to institute
a comparison between Manduculus lim atus and the Linyphia tenebricola of M. Wider
(Museum Senckenbergianum, B. 1, p. 267, taf. 18, fig. 2 ); as they differ, however, very
decidedly in structure and colour, no doubt they are perfectly distinct.
Pachygnatha Degeerii. PI. XXII, fig. 235.
Pachygnatha Degeerii, Sund., Vet. Acad. Handl., 1829, p. 211, and 1832, p. 259.
w f f l i l l — Koch, Uebers. des Arachn. Syst., erates Heft, p. 10.
— — Koch, Die Arachn., Band xii, p. 143, tab. 430, fig. 1065.
— — Blackw., Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., second series, vol. ix,
p. 468.
Linyphia Degeerii, Walck., Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt., tom. ii, p. 269.
Theridion vemale, Hahn, Die Arachn., Band ii, p. 38, tab. 53, fig. 123.
Manduculus vemalis, Blackw., Linn. Trans., vol. xix, p. 125.
Length of the female, Jth o f an in ch ; length of the cephalo-thorax, breadth, ^ th;
breadth of the abdomen, ^ th ; length of an anterior leg, « th s ; length o f a leg of the third
pair, jth.
The cephalo-thorax is large, convex, glossy, and marked with minute punctures; it is
compressed before, rounded on the sides and in front, and has an indentation in the medial
line; the falces are convex in front, and armed with teeth on the inner surface; the sternum
is heart-shaped, and marked with minute punctures. These parts, with the maxillae and lip,
are of a dark-brown colour, approaching to black, the lip and sternum being the darkest.
The legs are sparingly supplied with hairs, and have a pale, yellowish-brown t in t; the two