are some black hairs, along the middle of the upper part, about half of its length; this band
terminates in a point, between which and the spinners there is a series of obscure, yellowish-
brown, angular lines, whose vertices are directed forwards; the spinners are of a pale,
yellowish-brown hue; the branchial opercula are of a yellowish-white colour; and the sexual
organs have a reddish-brown tint. The female becomes much darker coloured after she has
deposited her eggs.
The abdomen of the male is slenderer and lighter coloured than that of the female, its
prevailing hue being yellowish-red; and the falces, maxillae, and lip have a reddish-brown
tint. The cubital and radial joints of the palpi are short, the latter projecting from its
extremity, on the outer side, a crescent-shaped apophysis of a dark-brown colour, whose
anterior limb is the longer and more obtuse; the digital joint is of a brown hue; it is of an
oblong-oval form, convex and hairy externally, concave within, comprising the palpal organs,
which are moderately developed, not very complicated in structure, of a sub-cylindrical figure,
with a strong, curved, corneous spine at their extremity, whose point projects on the outei
sid e ; and contiguous to it there is a pale, membraneous prominence, having near its base a
small, dark, glossy protuberance. The colour of these organs is dark-brown, tinged with red.
The haunts, habits, and economy of this species are similar to those of Clubiona holo-
sericea. The female deposits about 145 spherical eggs, of a yellowish-white colour, not
agglutinated together, in a lenticular cocoon of white silk of a fine texture, measuring three
tenths of an inch in diameter. This cocoon, for which she manifests much solicitude, is
inclosed in a cell of white silk fabricated on the inferior surface of a leaf, the sides of which
are curved upon it, and are retained in that position by silken lines. Towards the end of
June, or the beginning of July, the eggs are hatched; but the young, like those of all other
spiders whose economy is known, do not quit the cocoon till they have completed their first
change of integument.
Clubiona amarantha has been found in Scotland and Ireland.
Clubiona epimelas. PI. VII, fig. 77.
Clubiona epimelas, Walck., Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt., tom. i, p. 592.
— — Blackw., Linn. Trans., vol. xix, p. 115.
Blackw., Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., second series, vol. viii,
p. 43.
Length of the female, |ths of an inch; length of the cephalo-thorax, gth, breadth, |t h ;
breadth of the abdomen, Aths; length of a posterior leg, J; length of a leg of the third
pair, liths.
The cephalo-thorax is somewhat oval, convex, broadly rounded in front, and thinly
covered with yellowish-white or grayish hairs; it is of a dark-brown colour, veined with
black lines, and has narrow, black, lateral margins. The falces are strong, conical, convex in
front, prominent, and armed with two rows of teeth on the inner surface; the maxillas are
long, straight, powerful, enlarged where the palpi are inserted, and at the extremity, which
is truncated obliquely on the inner sidé ; the lip is somewhat oval, but truncated at the apex ;
the sternum is of a narrow oval form, with distinct eminences opposite to the legs. These
parts are of a brownish-black hue, the middle of the sternum and the extremities of the
maxillæ and lip having a reddish tinge. The eyes form two transverse rows on the anterior
part of the1 cephalo-thorax; the posterior row is the longer, and the interval between the
intermediate eyes is greater than the space which separates them from the lateral ones of the
same row; the eyes of the anterior row are situated very near to the frontal marrin. The
legs and palpi are robust, and are provided with hairs and sessile spines; they are of a dark,
reddish-brown colour, with longitudinal lines of a deeper and lighter shade on the upper side ;
the fourth pair of legs is the longest, then the second, and the third pair is the shortest; each
tarsus is terminated by two curved, pectinated claws, below .which , there is a small scopula.
The abdomen is of an oblong-oviform figure, projecting a little over the base of the céphalothorax;
it is of ar very dark-brown colour, and is covered with yellowish-white hairs,
approaching to gray on the under side ; the spinners are rather prominent, and the branchial
opercula are large, and of a yellow hue.
The male.is smaller than the female, and its cephalo-thorax, legs, and palpi are paler;
its falces also are longer and more prominent. The cubital and radial joints' of the palpi are
short; the latter projects two apophyses from its extremity, on the-.outer side; the anterior
one, which is the larger, is obtuse, and the posterior one terminates in a point ; the digital
joint is oval, convex and hairy externally, concave within, comprising the palpal organs;
they are highly developed, prominent, not complicated in structure, and of a very dark-
brown colour.
Crevices .in stone walls and the under side of fallen leaves are the usual haunts of
Clubiona epimelas, which is found, though rarely, in the wooded parts of Denbighshire and
Caernarvonshire. The male has the palpal organs completely developed in May, and in June
the female constructs a plano-convex cocoon of white silk of a very fine texture, measuring
Aths of an inch in diameter, in which she deposits about 154 Spherical eggs of a pale-yellow
colour, not agglutinated together. The cocoon is attached by its plane surface to the under
side of a stone or leaf, and is inclosed in a sac of white silk, which also comprises the female.
Clubiona Formosa. PI. VII, fig. 78.
Micrommata formosa, Templeton, MS. History of Irish Arachnid«.
Length of the female, Aths of an inch.
The legs are hairy, spiny, and of a pale huei with the exception of the last joints of the
tibiæ and tarsi, which are jet-black underneath. The cephalo-thorax is oval, elongate, and of
a pale, yellowish-brown colour, with dark margins; the part including the eyes has a reddish
tint, and an abbreviated black line'occupies the middle' thoracic point; underneath it is
of a dark, castaneous-brown hue. The abdomen is of an elongate oval form ; the upper part
has a reddish-brown colour, with four impressed dots near the middle, which form a