described, i. 434 ; vertebral column
of, i. 435; attached to lignite at
Lyme, i. 437 ; side arms, i. 438 ;
stomach of, i. 439 ; body, arms, and
fingers of, i. 440 ; number of bones
prodigious, 441 ; concluding considerations
on, i. 441.
Perfection consists in adaptation of organization
to the functions of the species,
i. 107.
Pericardial fluid, its mode of action, i.
326,332.
Perpignan, Artesian wells in basin of,
i. 566.
Perranzabulo, village buried by sand
flood, i. 127.
Peron, animal of spirula found by, i.
362.
Petavius, his interpretation of Genesis,
i.l.,i.2 4 .
Pines, fossil in coal formation and lias,
i. 487 ; peculiarity in structure of, i.
486.
Plaeoidean, order of fishes, i. 269.
Plesiosaurus, heteroclite character of, 1.
202 ; number and geological extent
of species, i. 203 ; head, compound
character of, i. 204 ; neck, great
length of, i. 205 ; back and tail, i.
207 ; ribs, peculiar character of, i.
208 ; skin, Cuvier’s conjecture as
to, i. 208 ; lungs, probable condition
of, i. 209 ; extremities acted as
paddles, i. 210 ; probable habits of
animal, i. 211 ; concluding observations
upon, i. 214.
Pliocene, division of tertiary strata, i.
78 ; animal remains of, i, 92 ; evidences
of history of, i. 93.
Podocarya, fruit of, in inferior oolite, i.
504.
Poikilitic, term proposed for formations
connected with the new red
sandstone, ii. 38.
Police of nature, i. 300 ; excessive in-
creaseof animals restrained by, i. 133.
Polypes, fossil remains of, ». 442 ;
abundance of in warm climates, i.
443 ; functions of in submarine economy,
i. 444 ; effects in the production
of strata, i. 445 ; concluding
observations on, i. 447.
Polypterus, i. 274.
Population, how affected by geological
causes, i. 4.
Porphyry, veins and overlying masses
of, ii. 5.
Portland, petrified cycadete found at, i.
494 ; subterranean forest in, i. 494.
Portsmouth, Artesian well at, 563.
Prestwich, Mr., on insects from coal
formation, i. 405.
Prévost, M. Constant, on erect position
of fossil trees at St. Etienne, i. 471.
Primary stratified rocks, history of, i.
50, 51.
Productions, natural, vary with the substrata,
i. 5.
Prout, Dr., his analysis of syphon of
an ammonite, i. 352; on the noneternity
of molecular constitution
of matter, i. 579 ; on adaptation of
elements to the use of animal and
vegetable bodies, i. 579.
Province of geology, i. 1.
Psammodus, i. 288.
Ptérodactyle, anomalous character of, i.
221 ; where found, i. 221 ; Cuvier’s
description of, i. 223 ; eight species
of, i. 223 ; organs of flight, i. 225 ;
vertebrae, char acter of, i. 226 ; peculiar
mechanism in neck, i. 226 ;
foot as in lizards, i. 227 ; toes,
number and proportions of bones in, i.
227—231 ; probable food of, i. 232.
Ptychodus, i. 288.
Purbeck, estuary formations in isle
of, i. 120 ; iguanodon found in isle
of, i. 242.
Piitzberg, near Bonn, brown coal of,
i. 509.
Pusey, Professor, his interpretation of
Genesis i. 1, &c. i. 22—26.
Philpotts, Miss, belemnites with Ink
bags in collection of, i. 374.
Phillips, Professor, his views of fossil
organic remains, i. 61 ; his illustration
of fossil astacids, i. 388 ; his
tabular arrangement of ammonites,
i. 334.
Pholidophorus, i. 283.
Physical geography, origin of in geological
causes, i. 5.
Pycnodonts, i. 281, 282.
Pycnodus, i. 283.
Pyrenees, granite in chalk formation
of, ii. 5..
R adiata, abound in transition strata, i.
62.
Radiated animals, character of fossil
species, i. 414.
Ray, Mr., on usefulness of metals, i.
555.
Rays, fossil, i. 291.
Reashn, province of distinct from that
of Revelation, i. 588.
Refrigeration, gradual, of matter of the
globe, i. 53.
Reptiles, ages of, i. 166.
Revelation, its object not physical
science, i. 15 ; province of, distinct
from that of natural religion, i. 588.
Rhizopodes, new class of animals discovered
by M. Dujardin, ii. 64.
Rhyncbolites, fossil beaks, i. 319,320.
Ripple markings, fossil, i. 260.
Rivers, apparatus for supply of, i. 570;
supply and functions of, i. 667,558,
Robert, M.,spirula found by, ii. 63.
Rodentia, in pliocene strata, i. 92.
Roussillon, Artesian well in, i. 566.
Rumphius, his figure, and observations
on living nautilus, i. 314, 331.
Saarbruck, fishes found at, i.2 6 6 ,278.
Sabrina island, rise and destruction of,
ii. 8.
Sacred history, consistency of geological
discoveries with, i. 8.
Salado, river, megatherium in bed of,
i. 143, 161. . . „ .
Salamander, fossil a t Oemngen, 1. 5 1 4 ;
from Japan, alive at Leyden, i. 514.
Salt, found in secondary and tertiary
strata, i, 71.
Sand, effects of wind in forming strata
of, i. 127. . . . .
Sapey Brook, concretions in, mistaken
for footsteps, i. 261.
Saurians, character of in secondary
strata i. 74 ; sudden death and bu-
rial in lias day, i. 124; fossil history
and relations of, i. 165 168 ,
in what formations found, 1. lob,
168 ; amphibious, allied to crocodiles,
i. 249 ; gigantie tenestrial. i.
234; flying,221; marine,i . 168,202.
Scaphite, character and extent of, i. 368.
Schlotheim, his early arrangement ot
fossil plants, i. 456.
Sciences, geology essential to advance*^
mentof, i. 7.
Scorpions, fossil in coal formation, n
406; indicate a warm climate, i.
408 ; fossil, description of, i. 407 ,
eyes and skin, preserved, i. 407,
408 ; hairs preserved, i. 411.
Scrope, Mr. Poulett, his panoramic
views of Auvergne, ii, 8 ; on ripple
marks and tracks of animals in
oolitic strata, i. 260 ; n. 42
Sea early history of illustrated by fossi
eyes, i. 401 ; crowded with animal
life, i. 293. . .
Secondary strata, history of, i. 67,
adaptation of to human uses, i. 68 ,
materials of, whence derived, l. 68 ;
nature of materials, i. 69; advantageous
disposition ef, i- 20.
Secondary formations,leading character
of their fossil vegetables, i. 453.
Sedgwick, Professor, on the kind of information
to be looked for in the
Bible, i. 34, 594; his discovery of
fossil fishes, i. 277.
Segregation, theory of veins filled by, i.
651*
Sellow, M., his use of Chinese method
of boring wells, i. 568.
Sepiostaire, its analogies to belemnite,
l. 378.
Serolis, its analogies to trilobites, l. 392,
394.
Serpentine, veins and overlying masses
of, ii. 5.
Serpulae, attached to belemnites, i. 377.
Sharks, antiquity of family of, i. 286 ;
extinct species, numerous, i. 286;
fossil teeth of, i, 286; fossil spines, or
icthyodorulites, i. 287 ; three sub-families
of, i. 287 ; teeth in early families
obtuse, i. 289 ; peculiar form
of tail, i. 279.
Sheerness, Artesian well at, i . 563.
Shells, number of in tertiary strata, i. 79;
vast accumulation of, in many strata,
i. 116; turbinated, formed by animals
of higher order than bivalves, i.
296 ; fossil univalve and bivalve, i.
295, 296; bored by carnivorous tra-
chelipods, i. 299; specific gravity of,
i, 302; bivalve, constructed by con-
chifers, i. 296; proofs of design in fossil
chambered, i. 310; conclusions
from chambered species, i. 380; fora-
minated polythalamous, i. 381; microscopic,
quantity of, in certainstrata,
i. 117 ; minute multilocular, i. 382.
Sheppey, fossil emys at, i. 258 ; fossil
crocodile at, i’. 258 ; fishes in London
clay at, i. 285 ; fossil fruits found at,
i. 507, 519.
Sickler, Dr., letter on footsteps at
Hessberg, i. 265..
Siebold, Dr., salamander brought from
Japan, by, i. 514 ; silicified buprestis
in collection of, ii. 78.
Sienite, veins and overlying masses of,
Sigiilaria, among the largest and tallest
plants of the coal formation, i. 469 ;
stems occasionally found erect, i .
470,471 ; stem occasionally divided
at the summit, i. 472 ; character and
relations of, i. 472, 473, 474 ; scars
on bark in vertical rows, i. 473 ;
number of species, i. 473.
Silistria, sturgeons in the Danube near,
i. 279.