287 ; extent of, i. 287 ; only living
representative of, i. 287.
Cestracion Philippi, i. 288 ; bony spine
of, i. 290.
Cetacea, remains of, in pliocene strata,
i. 92.
Chalmers, Dr., his views respecting the
Mosaic cosmogony, i. 19 ; considerations
of the geological argument in
behalf of a Deity, i. 595.
Chaos, word borrowed from the Greeks,
its meaning vague and indefinite, i. 25.
Chambered shells, proofs of design in,
i. 310 ; why particularly selected, i.
311; delicate hydraulic instruments,
i. 311 ; examples of retrocession in
animal structure, i. 312 ; genera of,
allied to nautilus and ammonite, i.
361—370.
Chantrey, Sir Francis, drawing made
by, with fossil sepia, i. 305.
Cheropotamus, character and place of,
i. 82.
Chimera, fossil species discovered by
the Author, ii. 47.
Chirotherium, footsteps of in Saxony, i.
263; described by Dr. Hohnbaum
and Prof. Kaup, i. 264; probably
allied to marsupialia, i. 265 ; accompanied
by other tracks, i. 264.
Chlamyphorus, habit and distribution
of, i. 144 ; forefoot adapted for digging,
i. 154 ; armour of, like that of
the Megatherium, i. 159, 160, 162.
Cicero, his argument against the Epicurean
theory of atoms, i. 578.
Cinnamomum, in brown coal near Bonn,
i. 509. .
Cleremont, limestone of, loaded with
indusiae, i. 119.
Cleveland, imperfect coal in oolite formation
of, i. 75, 491.
Climate, heat of, indicated by fossil
plants and animals, i. 88 ; gradually
decreasing temperature of, i. 93.
Clio borealis, swarms of in Northern
Ocean, i. 384.
Closeburn, gigantic Orthoceratite found
at, i. 365.
Coal formation, Forster’s section of, i.
64; iron ore and lime in, i. 65; its
origin and importance to man, i. 66.
Coal, proofs of its vegetable origin, i
454, 458 ; complex history of, i. 481;
stages in the production and application
of, i, 483 ; tertiary brown coal
or lignite, i. 508, et seq; proofs of
design in the dispositions of, i. 524 ;
grand supply from strata of the carboniferous
order, i. 524; physical
forces employed to render it accessible
to man, i. 525, 528 ; advantage
of its disposition in basins, i. 526,
527; thickness of beds of, i. 529;
remarkable accumulation of, l. 529 ;
associated with iron ore, i. 529, 530 ;
adaptation to purposes of human industry,
i. 531; inestimable importance
of, i. 534 ; mechanical power
derived from, i. 531—535; improvident
and gratuitous destruction
of near Newcastle, i. 536; early
adaptation of to the uses of man, i.
537.
Collini, pterodactyle figured by, i. 223.
Cololites, fossil intestines of fishes discovered
by Prof. Agassiz, i. 200 ;
found by Lord Greenock in coal,
near Edinburgh, i. 199.
Comatula, habits of, and resemblance
to pentacrinite, i. 418, 433.
Combe, definition of the term, ii. 106.
Conchifers, inferior to mollusks that
construct turbinated shells, i. 296.
Conchology, important to geology, i.
110.
Connecticut, fossil footsteps of birds in,
ii. 39.
Conybeare, Rev. W. D., his sections
across England, i. 4 ; his report on
geology to British Association, i. 51;
his memoir and map of Europe, i. 77 ;
on prospective provisions for the benefit
of man, i. 100 ; selections from
his plates of ichthyosauri, i. 176; his
observations on the lower jaw of ichthyosaurus,
i. 177 ; on the articulation
of the vertebras in ichthyosaurus,
i. 179 ; his remarks on the paddles of
ichthyosaurus, i. 184; his restoration
of plesiosaurus, i. 204 ; his inferences
concerning plesiosaurus, i. 211, 214 ;
his observations on faults, 542.
Conifer®, date of their commencement,
i. 488; microscopic structure of, i.
484 ; peculiarities in structure of, i.
486 ; geological extent of, i. 485,
489 ; fossil referrible to existing genera,
i. 488; fossil stems in erect
position, i. 489; wood of, perforated
by teredines, i. 480.
Consolidation of strata, partly by aqueous,
partly by igneous action, i. 65.
Coprolites, description of, i. 188 ; extensive
occurrence of, i, 189 ; found
in skeletons of ichthyosauri, i. 190 ;
marks of mucous membrane on, i.
194; formation explained, note, 194;
indicate the food ofich’thyoosauri,and
character of their intestinal canal,
i. 197 ; derived from fishes in various
formations, i. 198 ; polished for
ornamental purposes, i. 199 ; conclusions
from discovery of, i. 202 ;
in coal formation near Edinburgh, i.
275; preserved in body of macropo-
ma, i. 284.
Coral, secreted by polypes, i. 442 ;
reefs, i. 444 ; their influence in the
formation of strata, i. 445 ; fossil,
inference from their state, i. 116 ;
rag, extent of, in counties of Oxon,
Bucks, Wilts, and Yorkshire, i. 445.
Corn-cockle muir, tracks of tortoises
at, i. 259.
Cornwall, amount of steam power employed
in, i. 534; invasions of by
drifted sand, i. 127; disposition of
metallic veins in, i. 550.
Corydalis, wing of, found in iron
stone, of the coal formation, i. 410 ;
ii. 77.
Cosmogony, Mosaic, the author’s interpretation
of, i. 20.
Cotta on fossil arborescent ferns, i.
. 465.
Crag, in Norfolk, geological place of,
i. 179.
Craters, various phenomena of, ii. 8.
Creation, Mosaic account of, accords
with natural phenomena, i. 13 ;
origin of material elements by,i. 35.
Creator, necessity of, shewn by geology,
i. 59.
Crinoideans, geological importance of,
i. 416, 430; nature and character
of, i. 417 ; most remarkable genera
of, i. 417 ; living species rare, i.
418 ; abundance and importance of
fossil species, i. 419, 430 ; anatomical
structure of, i. 420 ; reproductive
powers of, i. 421 ; early extinction
of many species and genera, i.
430.
Crocodileans, fossil forms of, i. 249 ;
slender character of snout, i. 250 ;
habit probably piscivorous, i. 250.
Crocodiles, modern, habits of, i. 250 ;
gavial, gangetic, piscivorous, i. 250 ;
functions of fossil species, i. 251 ; Cuvier’s
observations on, i. 252 ;
number of living and fossil species
of, i. 252 ; dentition, provisions in
mode of, i. 254 ; fossil formsof, at
variance with all theories of gradual
transmutation or developement, i.
254.
Crustaceans, extent of fossil remains,
of, i. 387.
Crystalline rocks, influenced by chemical
and electro-magnetic forces, i.
36; eight distinct varieties of, i. 37 ;
their position beneath stratified rocks,
i. 42 ; probable igneous origin of, i.
39; gradations in character of, i.
41 ; proofs of intention in pheno-
. mena of, i. 45 ; proofs of. design afforded
by, i. 574.
Crystals, definite forms and composition
of, i. 575—577 ; component
molecules of, i. 574, 577.
Ctenoidean order of fishes, i. 270.
Curculionidae in iron stone of Coal-
brook Dale.'i. 409.
Cuttle fish, structure and habits of, i.
303; internal ink bag of, i. 303.
Cuvier, his conclusion that organic life
has not existed from eternity, i. 59 ;
his account of the basin of Paris, i.
76; his account of discoveries at
Mont Martre, i. 83; consigns his
materials for a work on fossil fishes to
M. Agassiz, i. 200, 267 ; his conjecture
concerning plesiosaurus, i. 208;
had observed nearly 8 ,0 0 0 species of
living fishes, i. 265; perfection of
his reasoning on contrivances and
compensations in the structure of
animals, i. 140.
Cycadeae, abundant in strata of the
secondary series, i. 490, 491; number
and extent of recent and fossil
species, i. 491; leaves fossil in oolite
of Yorkshire and at Stonesfield, i.
492 ; in coal formation of Bohemia, i.
492; habit and structure of,i. 492 ; intermediate
character of, i. 493 ; fossil
on the coast of. Dorset, i. 494; peculiarities
in structure of trunk of, i.
494,496 ; mode of increase by buds,
i. 499; link supplied by the discovery
of, i. 502.
Cycadites, once natives of England, i.
4 9 5 ; microphyllus, microscopic
structure of, 497—501; megalophyl-
lus, buds in axillae of scales, i. 500;
resemblance of fossil and living species,
i. 501.
Cycas revoluta, buds on trunk of, i.
499 ; circinalis, height of, i. 494.
Cycloidean order of fishes, i. 270.
Cypris, microseopic shells of, in Weal-
den formation, i. 118 ; in coal formation
near Edinburgh, i. 275.
Dapedium, scales of, i. 282.