J 6 8 KEOMOEPHE.
panicles from the stem; obovoid, nearly smooth, with rather prominent umbilicus, and 3 basal
bracts, about 1-25 in. across "when ripe; peduncles -5 in. or -C in. long. Male flowers
numerous and forming a zone near the mouth of the receptacles containing gall flowers,
sossile, as broad as long; the perianth of 3 or 4 inflated,loose, membranous pieces, completely
enveloping the 2 broadly ovate, nearly sessile, anthers. Mature gall flowers not seen.
Fertile female flowers shortly pedicellate ; the perianth of 5 linear pieces; achone rhomboid
oroid, narrowed to the base; its surface dull, dark in colour, and prominently tuberculate;
the style snb-terminal, elongate, rather stout; the stigma cylindric.
Amboina and the Molucca Islands.
When dry, the loaves of this at once suggest F. Roxlurjhii or F. pomífera ; but I have
seen this growing (in the Botanic Garden at Buitenzorg), and in the living state it appears
sufficiently distinct even in external characters, while the flowers ai-e quite different.
PLÍTE 210.—Leaf and branch of F. nodosa, Teysm. and Binn. 1, part of a panicle of
immature receptacles; 2, mature receptacles ; 3, stipules—aU of natural aise; 4, unexpanded
male flower; 5, the anthers of a male flower, the perianth having being removed ; 6, fertile
female flower; 7, achene of a fertile female flower: all enlarged.
Ficus RosBUEGfin, Wall. Cat. 4508; Miq. in Ann. Mu$. Lugd. Bat. iii. 296;
Brandis For. Flora 422 ; Kurz. For. Flora Brit. Burmali ii. 460.—
F. macrophijlla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 556, (not of DesfJ; Wight Icon 673.—
F. scleroptera. Griff. Ic. PL As. t. 558.—Covellia macrophjlla, Miq.
Lond. Jouvn. Bot. vii. 465.—il regia, Miq.
230, 297 (partly).
I Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii.
A tree, from 10 to 30 ft. high, with wide-spreading head; the young branches pubescent.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, petiolate, broadly ovate to ovate-rotund, with very short, triangular,
iipif.al acumen, entire or serrate-dentate edges, and more or less deeply cordate, rarely
rounded, 5- to 7-nerved base ; primary lateral nerves about 3 or 4 pairs, prominent on both
surfaces, as are the nearly parallel and almost straight intermediate nerves; reticulations not
very distinct; under surface covered with short, soft pubescence; upper surface rigid,
glabrescent, or glabrous, except the midrib and main nerves which are sometimes deciduously
puberulous; length o£ blade from 5 in. to 15 in. ; breadth 4'5 in. to 12 in. ; petioles 1 in.
to 4 in. long, or in young shoots as much as 8 in. long ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, pubescent,
•6 in. to 1 in. long. Receptacles pedunculate, from shortened leafless branches borne on
the larger branches or stem, turbinate or truncate-pyriform, with 8 to 12 indistinct vertical
ridges; umbilicus large, and with numerous broad, tomentose scales; base sometimes constricted
to a short stalk with 3 ovate to triangular, rather large, basal bracts; when young pubescent,
when mature glabrescent, russet brown in colour, with a tinge of red or dull purplish, and
spotted; about 2 in. or more across; pedmicle proper -75 in. to l-7ó in. long; pubescent. Malo
flowers near the apex of the receptacles containing the gall flowers, sessile; the. perianth of
3 broad, imbricate, hyaline, inflated pieces; stamens 2, sometimes 3, and occasionally only 1 ;
the anthers ovate; the filaments long, thick. Gall flowers pedicellate; the perianth
gamophyllous below, 2- or 3-partite above, only partially covering the ovoid, smooth ovary ;
style sub-terminal, short; stigma dilated. Fertile female flowers sub-sessile or pedicellate;
the perianth like that of the gall; achene minutely tubercular, viscid ; the style long, cm-ved,
lateral, hairy; sfigma cylindric.
NE05I0RPHE. 1G9
Outer ranges of the Himalayas, from the Indus to Bhotan ibut rare in the Western
Himalaya); Assam and Khasi Hills ; Chittagong and Burmese Hills—at elevations of from
1,000 to 5,000 ft.
The males of this are to be found perfect only in young receptacles in which tlio gall
flowers are young. In receptacles from the gall flowers of which the Blastophaga has
escaped, no trace even of the perianth of a male flower is to be found. This duo to the fact
that, in cutting their way out of the receptacle, the fully developed male Blasiophagas cut
through the male flowers which, as well as the scales, occlude the ostiole.
Miquel's species F. reyiu is made up partly of this and partly of F. pomifcra, Wall., as
I have satisfied myself by examination of his type specimens of F. reyia. This species is
closely allied to variegate, Bl.
PLATE 21h—F . Roxhurghii, Wall. 1, mature receptacle; 2, apex of the same; 3, vertical
section of the same—of natural size; 4, male flower; 5, an anther removed from-male flower-
6, gall flower; 7, fertile female flower : enlarged.
FRONTISPIKCE t o THIS VoLUiiE.—Base of the stem of a living tree in the Royal Botanic
Garden, Calcutta, showing the crowded receptacles.—Photographed ly Dr. D. D. Cunningham.
197. FICUS VAEIÜGATA, Bl. Biß. 45F) ; Mi^. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt 2. 320; Jm.
Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 295.—i'. azibracemosa, Bl. Bijd. 469; Miq. FI. Ind.
Bat. I.e. &20; Choix de Plantes de Buitenzorg t. 13.—F. racemifera, "Roxh.
Fl. Ind. üi. 560; Wight Icon Q^2.— Covellia racemifera; Miq. Lond. Joarn.
Bot. vii. 465 ; Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 325.—P. glomerata, Hort. Buitenzorg
(not of Roxb.)—J. suhopaca, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 3 2 0 .—c e r i f e r a ,
BI. in Ann. So. Nat. 4th ser. iii. 333. t. 14.—J'. ceriflua, Jungh. Java i.
439.—P. chlorocarpa, Henth. Fl. Hong-Kong 330 ; Miq. in Ann. Mus." Lugd.
Bat. iii. 296 ; Maxim, in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. xi. ZZO.—Sj/eomorus
eapensis unà giimmiflua, Miq. PI. Jungh. Qi.—Caprißcus Amboinensis, Rumph.
Herb. Amb. 145. t. 93.
A spreading tree, 20 to 30 ft, high, with pale brown bark ; the young shoots pubescent
or glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, petiolate, broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic,
acuminate; edges entire, sub-repand, or remotely denticulate; base rounded, emarginate, or
cordate, 5-nerved, (2 of the nerves minute); lateral primary nerves 4 pairs, prominent;
intermediate nerves transverse; reticulations minute; under surface in young leaves
puberulous especially on the midrib and nerves, in adult leaves glabrous; upper sui-face
glabrous; length 4 to 7in. ; petiules 1 to 2 in. long; stipules ovate-acuminate, glabrous, from
•5 to -75 in. long. Receptacles pedunculate, in fascicles from tubercles (shortened abortive
branches) on the trunk and larger branches, globose, slightly depressed at the apex, and
sometimes with a short constriction at the base. When ripe smooth, red with white streaks and
dots, and about -1 in. across; peduncles -75 in. to 2 in. long; base with 3 minute bracts, which
are early dcciduous and leave an annular scar. Male flowers near the mouth of the receptacle
with the gall flowers; the perianth of 8 or 4 broad, loose, inflated pieces; anthers 2,
broadly ovate, with short filaments which unite below into a common stalk. Gall flowers with
a gamophyllous, tubular, 4- to S-toothcd perianth which envelopes the young pistil, but is
much shorter than the mature ovar7 ; the ovary ovoid, smooth; style short, lateral; the
stigma large, funnel-shaped, with a very wide mouth. Fertile female flowers on separate