169. Ficus TosiavRU, Linn. Mmt. 305; Bl. Bijd. 477; Miq. w Lond. Journ.
Bot. vil. 2813; PI. Jangh. 52; Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 393. t. SOB;
Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii 269, 290.—J-, padana, Burm. Fl. Ind. 226.—
F. toxical, Tlmnbg. Fic. No. 27.—F. elegans, Hassk. Cat. Horc. Bogor.
76; PI. Jav Rar. 200; Miq. Fi. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 294.
A small spreading tree, witli the young branches, stipules, receptacles, and iinder surfaces
of leaves more or less covered witli A7hite or tawny, floccnlent tomentum. Leaves large,
membranous, from broadly ovate-elliptic to elliptic-rotund, narrowed above, and with
a short, sharp terminal apiculas; the base more or less deeply cordate and 5- to 7-
nerved; the margins minutely serrate-dentate; length of blade 7 to 12 in.; primary
lateral nerves 4 to 6 pairs; upper surfaces of leaves with scattered, soft, short hairs;
under surfaces densely covered -with short, white or yellowish tomentum; reticulations
prominent; netioles from 4 to 6 in. long, flocculent when young, but ultimately
nearly glabrous; stipules elongate, ovate-lanceolate, convolute, densely sericeous outside,
about 1'5 in. long, early caducous. Receptacles short-pedunculate, axillary, in pairs
(often solitary by abortion), depressed-globose, umbilicate, densely covered with deciduous,
flocculent, yellowish or white tomentum; whoa ripe blackish purple and from 1 to 2 in.
in diameter; peduncle short, thick, hairy like the petioles and with 3 or 4 broadly ovate-acute,
imbricated bracts near ics base. Male flowers few near the mouth of the receptacles
containing gall flowers, sessile; the perianth of 4 or 5 concave pieces 2 of which are
sometimes narrower tlian the others; anthers 2, elongate, on short filaments. Gall flowers
pedicellate; the perianth of o lanceolate pieces; ovary smooth, ovoid; style short, subterminal;
style infundibuliform. Fertile female flowers. pedicellate; the acliene ovoid,
minutely tuberculate ; style lateral, elongate; stigma cylindrical, constricted.
Java and Sumatra, at elevations of from 2,000 to 4,000 ft.
Rather variable as to foliage, the leaves of young shoots being often very large,
palmately 5- to 7-ncrved, and deeply divided into 5 to 7 blunt lobes. The. colour of the
tomentum varies from white to cinnamon-brown. Miqnel (I.e. tab. XXB) gives excellent
fio-ures (which I have copied) of the two kinds of female flowers (insect-attacked, ¿.e. gall,
and fertile), without, however, understanding the difference between them.
PLATE 184.—-F. iorwana, Linn. 1, branch with immature receptacles; 2, branch with
mature receptacles; 3 & 4, apex and base of mature receptacle; 5, stipules—o/naiwai
size; 0, male flower ; 7 & 8, gall flowers; 9, fertile female flower: all enlarged.
170. FICUS PALMITA, Forsk. Fl. JEgufi-AraJj. 179; Valil. Symbol, i. 84. t. 24;
mq. in Am. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 290; Load. Journ. Bot. vii 225.—
F. cariroides, Roxb. VI Ind, iii. 529; Miq. iu Lond. Journ. Bot. vii.
•¿2i.~'F. pseudo-sgcomorus, Decaisne in Fl. Sinaic.; Miq. in Lond.
Joui-n. Bot, vii. 227] Boiss. Fl. Orient, iv. 1155.—J", virgata, Roxb.
(non Reinw,) Fl. Ind, iii. ; Wight's Icon 649; Miq. in Loud. Joiu-n.
Bot. vii, 228; Fic. Afric. 130; Brandis For. Flora 419; Wall. Cat.
4o07A and B ?, 4492A, B, C, D.
A bush or small tree, never epiphytal. The young branches tomentose or piibescent,
often becoming glabrous. Leaves petiolate, membranous, rotund-ovate, or more often
EUSYCE. LIT"
rofund-cordate, the base 3-nerved, the apex acute or rainutoly apiculate ; the margins serrate
or dentate, occasionally with 3 to 5 obtuse lobes; lateral primary nerves 3 to 6 pairs j
upper sm-face scabrous, the lower scabrid or shortly tomentose; length of blade from
1-5 in. to 5 in.; petioles from 1 to 2 in. long; stipules ovate-acute, pubescent, 2 to
each leaf, deciduous. Receptacles pedunculate, solitary, axillary, sub-globular to jjyriform,
umbonate, consti'icted towards the peduncle, tomentose, pubescent or glabrous ; when
ripe yellowish ; basal bracts 3 or more, acute, deciduous; from -o in. to 1 iu. in diameter;
peduncles from-5 in. to 1 in. long, pubescent or glabrous. Male flowers numerous in tlie
upper half of the receptacles containing gall flowers, on long, haiiy pedicels; the
perianth of 4 or 5 lanccolate hfdry pieces; stamens 3 to 6, with short filaments. Gall
flowers sessile or pedicellate, with a gamophyllous, deeply 5-clcft, hyaline perianth; the
ovary ovoid, smooth ; style very short, lateral; stigma dilated. Perfect female flowers with
perianth like the gall flowers; the achene tiigonous, minutely tuberculate; the style elongate,
haiiy. sub-terminal; the stigma bifid.
Plains of Northern India; the Noi-th-Western Himalaya up to 3,000 ft.;
Afghanistan; also in Arabia, Egypt, and Abyssinia.
The two forms named F. caricotdcs and virgata by Roxburgh appear to me to be botanically
identical, the only difierence between them noted by Roxburgh in his descriptions and
manuscrij^t drawings in the Calcutta Herbarium being in size. F. caricoides he described
from a cultivated specimen sent to him from Lucknow, F. virgata he described from
wild specimens; and in my opinion the former is only the cultivated form of the latter.
I do not see how either differs from the older species palmata of Forskall, except that the
leaves are not so scabrid. And this is a difference tliat can easily be accounted for by
climate. I have no hesitation, tborefore, in reducing both Roxburgh's species as well as
pse'ido-sjjcomoriis of Decaisne to F. palmata, Forsk. Moreover, I find no differences between
tiie flowers of these four. And I haye a strong suspicion that all may be hut forms of F. eanca,
Linn. In the Linnajan Society's set of Wallich's plants, No, 4507A (named F. caricoides
Roxb.) is in my opinion true F. carica, L, Sheet B is absent from the set. In the
Calcutta Herbarium set both A and B ar-e caricoides.
PLATE 185.—F. palmata, Forsk. A : fruiting twig with undivided leaves. B : twig with
o-lobcd leaves. 1 apex of a young receptacle ; 2, stipule—of natural size ; 3, male flower with
3 stamens ; 4, male flower with 5-merous perianth, the stamens having been removed ; 5, gall
flower; 6, ovary of gall flower ; 7 & 8, fertile female flowers; 9, achene of fertile female
flower: all enlarged.
171. FICUS ALBA, Rcinw. in Bl. Bijd. 467; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat i. pt. 2. 294,
Supp. 173, 424; Ann. Mtis. Lugd. Bat. iii. 270, 290.—i". nivea, Bl. Bijd.
476; Miq, FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 29i.—F. viappan, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Supp. 173, 425,-i?. gomjpina, Wall. Cat. 4488; Miq. in Lond. Journ.
Bot. vii. 455 ; FI. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 294 ; Supp. 173, A25.—F. hicohr,
Herb. Hook,— ?F. palmata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 529.-2^. Hmteri, Miq.
Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 225 ; Fl, lud. Bat, i. pt. 2. 296.
A small tree, with very variable leaves which vary from intensely white to pale
cinnamon.coloured beneath. Leaves long-petiolafe, membranous, vaaying from ovate-lanceolale,
ovate, or sub-rhomboid-elliptic with narrowed rarely cordate base, to rhomboid-sub-
A>-N. BOT. GAUD. G.U.C. TOL, I.