1 3 4 EUSYCE,
This is the most -widely-diatributed scaodent Ficus in India, and in Jupaii also it appears
to be very common. It has, moreover, a great altitudinal range, extending in the Himalayan
chain from the bottoms of low valleys where the climate is almost tropical, to elevations
where mow lies in winter. Individuals with globular receptacles form the majority, and of
these three varieties may be distinguished, in all three the receptacles being rather small.
Also as very distinct varieties, I separate two forms with large, ovoid, obovoid, or subglobular,
o-fcen terminal, receptacles: —
Receptacles tjlohidar, smaU—
Vae. 1. Nipposica. Leaves always glabrous, about 3 in. long; reccptacles solitary
or in paii's, almost sessile, glabrous.—F. wpponiea, Fi anch. and Sav ;
—Japan.
YAK. 2. liiPitKssA. leaves pubescent when young, glabrous when adult, from
1-25 in. to l"7o in. long; receptacles pedunculate, pubescent when
ripe.—F. impressa, Benth.;—Hong-Kong.
Yah. 3. Thuneeegii. Adult leaves very pubesceiat beneath, deeply areolar on
the lower surface, from '75 to 1-25 in. long; receptaclcs pubescent, when
ripe nearly -o in. across.—F. Thunhergii, Maxiiii.;—Japan.
liecepiacles ovoid, ohovoicl, or suh-glohiclar, large—
Var. 0LE/EF0B3IIS. Creeping on the ground or on rooks, never on trees;
receptacles ovoid, 1 in. long; leaves oblong-lanceolate; anthers much
longer than perianth of male flower. lu the Sikkim Himalaya, about
4,500 it—King.
Yar. mauformis. Climbing to the tops of trees 60 to SO ft. high, and fruiting
only near the apex; receptacles obovoid, sub-globose, much umbonate,
from 1'5 to 2 in. in diameter; leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate; anthers
much longer than perianth. Sikkim ; Khasi.
The varieties vrith large receptacles have been confounded by Miquel and others with
F. crecla, Th\inb., with which they have really no affinity. They have also been mixed
u p with F. pvmila, Linn. As in the case of F. pumila, much light is thi-own on the synonymy
of tids species b y Maximowicz in his paper in the eleventli volume of the Bulletin of the
St. Petersburg Academy. In that paper the species Mppomea and Thunlcrgii are founded on
specimens which, on compari.'^on with Wallieh's type specimens of foveolalu, I cannot find
to differ even in the details of tlie flowers.
The waxoQfoveolala, Wall., is not mentioned by Maximowicz, from which I gather that
specimens of it are not present in the St. Petersburg herbarium. Wallieh's type specimens of
liis species puUgcra. are simply foveolata with the leaves sub-flocculent on the lower surface.
Pogonot verrucosa, Miq., is simply this with waited receptacles. Barren branches of tliis
species with leaves varying a good deal in shape, are numerous in collections from tho
Himalaya; and specimens of this kind were issued by Wallich as No. 4579 of his distributioi,
under the name F. ludens, Wall.
I think it probable that Roxburgh's species Luducca, of whiuh he gives a very imperfect
description (Fi. Indica, iii. 534), fulls here, and sheet D of Wall. Cat. 449;i bears that name in
a handwriting which I believe to be Roxburgh's. Were it absolutely ccitain that this is
Luducca, Roxb., that name, being the earliest published, would stand,
P l a t e 1C6.—f o v e o l a t a , Wall. Four twigs with leaves and mature receptacles to
illustrate the forms on which four species were founded. A = foveolata, Wall.; B = puUgeni,
Wall. - G = reticulata,) = verrucosa, Miq. 1,1,1, apex of a receptacle; 2,2,3, base of
the same; 3,3,3, stipules ; — of natural size; 4, a male flower; 5, tho same, opened to show
the two anthers; 6, male flower from the variety olcmformis 7, gall flower, young;
8, the same, farther advanced; 9 & 10, fertile female flowers: all enlarged.
P l a t e 167. F. fovenlata,'Wi\\\. Fruiting branches of three varieties : — E : var. 1, Mppnmca\
F: var. 2, impressa-, G: var. 3, Thanhcrgii—all of natural she. Apex and base of
a receptacle and stipules of each variety are also shown: all of natural size.
P l a t ü 1C8. —p . foveolata, Wall. Fruiting branches of two varieties:—II: var. 4,
olcoifirmis-, I : vai'. 5, maliformis-. of natural dze. 1, male flower in situ with receptacular hairs
lit its base; 2, male flower showing the 2 stamens and minute perianth; 3, female flower,
Nos. I to Zo
155. Ficus EAMENTACEi, Itoxb. Ft. lad. iii. 547 ; Earz For. Flora Brit. Burmah ii.
454.—Fogonotrophe ngida, Miq. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 74; Miq. Fl. Ind.
Bat. i. pt. 2- 331.—F. rigescens, Miq. Ann, Mus. Lngd. Bat. iii. 29;j.
~F. vagans, Wall, (not of Roxb.) 4562.—P. suh-rigida, Miq, Fl. led.
Bat. Suppl. 175, 433.— .? F. leplocurpa, Steud. Nomench 636.—J", microcarpa,
WL. Bijd. 4d.2.—J', aif/iicmis, Miq. PL Jungh. 55; FL Ind, Bat. i.
pt. 2. 319. t. 22; Miq. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 280, 294.—
F. oligospervia, Miq. PL Jungh. 55 ; Fl. Ind. Bat. i, pt. 2. 319.
A powerful epiphytic climber, often becoming an independent tree ; the young branche.-^
puberulous, very soon becoming glabrous. Leaves rather sliurlly petiolate, coriaceous, ovate
to ovate-elliptic; apex acute or shortly sub-acuminate ; edges entire, waved, and sometimes
slightly revolute ; base cordate, emarginate, or rounded, 3- to 5-, rarely 7-nervfd (2 Uting
minuteV, lateral primary nerves 5 or 6 pairs, prominent on the under surface; intermediate
nerves nearly parallel to each other; reticulations sub-areolar, minute; under surface glabrous,
slightly rough from the sub-areolate reticulations ; pubenilous on the midrib and nerve.s
when young ; upper surface j^ale when diy, glabrous ; length of blade from 2-5 to 8, and in
young shoots even II in.; petioles stoiit, 'To in. to 1'3 in. long, minutely puberulous when
young, afterwards glabrous; stipules ovate-lanceohite, villous or pubescent externally, -b in.
long, very deciduous. Receptacles shortly pedunculate (sessile in var. adhcerens), axillary, in
pairs or solitary, occasionally in fascicles from minutely bracteate, villous tubercles in the
axils of the leaves, or from tliestem below the leaves ; depressed-globular, abruptly contracted
at the base into a cylindrical stalk at the junction of which with the short pedicel are
o small, reflexod, glabrous bracts; slightly umbonate at the apex; sparsely hairy when young,
but glabrous when ripe; orange or orange-red in colour, and from -2 in. to -S in. across;
peduncle proper (below the stalk like constriction of the receptacle) only about 1 in. long.
Mule and gall flowers with similar perianth of 3 narrow pieces; anthers 2, much elongate,
narrow, on short filaments; gall ovary obovoid, smooth; the style shorf, lateral. Ptriantli
of fertile female flower of 3 pieces, united below; achoiie elliptic; style ilongate, lateral;
stigma cylindrio.