hrnsiém^mmmmmmHià
Bat iii. a n , 291; Wiuki's Icon 059 ; Brmdis For. Fhm 424 ; Km-s For.
Flor. Brit. Burm. ii. 456; Bah. Fl. B,mi. i'iS.^-F tiuncab, VaHSymb.
Bot. i. S3 ; Itnm. in Linn. Trans, iv. liS-55.-F. r«fi,o,m, Vahl.
Ennm. ii. 203.—f. imiieulata, V»U. Syml). Bot. i. 83; Bl. Bijd. 472.—
1'. aquatim, Koonig ap. Willd. Spoo. PI. iv. 1133.-7?. Kotrdla, Hoxb.
r l . Ind. iii. 532; Wight's loon 661 ; Miq. in Lond. Journ. Bot. Tu.
220 ; Kuvz For. Flor. Brit. Bnrm. ii. 455.-i". refstis, Willd. Spoo. PI. LY.
1149 ; Ko.xb. Fl. Ind. iii 635 ; Wight's Icon 636; Miq. Lond. Jonrn. Bot.
Tii. 226 -F. npms and F. nfescns, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Jtv. 143.
-F.mKfilu,G:t\S. Not. PI. Moot. 399. t. 557. ii, iii; Oovdlm Oriffilhii,
Miq. in Lond. Jom-n. Bot. yii. 4 6 7 . - « Asiamwti, aeanl,,U, elmgala, and
mbfundurmfomi,, lliq. in Lond. Joinn. Bot. vii. 226, 227. t. V i>. 231,
2 3 5 . - 1 ' . ¡iro,ml,M,,, Bm-m. Fl. Ind. W.-YalU iercgam, Ehcedo
Hort. Mai.'iii. 83. t. 62; Wall. Cat. 4475,1 to L, 4521.—J?, emsfcrala, not
oi: Roxb. (present in Calcntta set; absent in Linn. Soc. set).
A shrnb, sometimes creeping on the gronnd or over rocks, with shortly pnbeseent
stem and branches, the leaves very Toiiable, scabrid. Leaves petiolate, membranens; general
outline nsnally more or less OYate-elliptic, bnt varying from elongate-lanceolate to ovate or
ovate rotund, often ir-regularly 3- to many-lobed, with the apex more or less acmninate ; the
ed-es irreo-ularly and coarsely dentate or dentate-repand; the base bhmt, rounded, or cordate,
3 "to 5-nerved- both suiiaees seabroas and covered with short stifl bans; lateral nerves
from 4 to S pairs according to the length of the leaf (in the mneh-lobed leaves the nervation
is palmate) ; length of blade 2 to 4 in., petioles vai-ying from -5 to 2-5 m. ; stipides 2 to
each leaf, scariois, ovate, glabrous or nearly so, -3 to 4 in. long. Receptacles on peduncles
of varyino- length, solitary, axillary, spherical to elongated-pyriform, always with a more
or less prominent mammniate mnbilicus wMch is bnt imperfectly closed by bracts, more
or less liispid-scabrid and sometimes verrncose when young; when rape nearly smooth,
dark oranoe and from -4 to 1 in. long; basal bracts minute, triangular, glabrous, (m the much
elon«ated forms appearing to rise from below the base of the receptacle); peduncle
proper from -4 to 1 in. long, Male flowers with a 3 or 4-cleft gamophyllous perianth
and a sinole stamen. Gall flowers with perianth like the males; the ovary ovoid, smootl,,
with short lateral style. Fertile female flower with gamophyllous 4-cleft perianth; tlie
achene subglobular, minutely tuberculate, with a hyaline, viscid external coat; style long,
lateral; stigma cylincb-ic. „ , w, ,
On the plains in the warmer parts of India, m Ceylon, Burmah, and the Malayan
countries. Common in gTassy places, especially near water.
This is a polymorphic species, and often presents great variety in fohageevenin the
same plmt I have examined the types of most of the species of Blume and Miquel which
I have reduced hero, and I am convinced that they are more forms of one widely-spread
spedes. The only forms sufficiently constant to be separated as vai-ieties appear to me to
be tlio two following : —
VAH. 1. scABHELLA(=i'. scoifci/o, Eoxb.). Lcavcs narrow, shortly petiolate, not
lobed; receptacles shortly pedicellate, globular or siib-pyriform.
SYCIDIUM. ''
VAR. 2. VAR. KEPENS (=F. rppciis, Willd. and Eoxb.) Leaves broad, longpetiolate
; receptacles long-pedunculate, more or less pyriform. Under this
variety falls Oovdlm GriJJithii, Miq., of which I have seen the type at Kew.
PLATE 94.— 1, F. heUrophiflh, Linn, fil, fruiting-branch ; 2, var. scalrella -, 3 & 4, var
rcpem—ull of naturtd sins ; 5, male flower with 3-clcft perianth ; 6, male flower with 4.fileft
perianth ; 7, gall flower with 3-cleft perianth ; 8, 4-clGft pei-ianth of fertile female flower ;
9, ripe achene : all enlurgad.
85. Fiens QOEECIEOLIA, Boxi. Fl. Ini. iii. 534; Wisht'i, Icon 046; loM. Bot. Oat.
t 1540; Miq. in Land. Journ. Boi. vii. 232; Fl Ini. Bat. i. f t . 2. 297;
Ann. Mus. Lngd. Bat. iii. 2S\..-F. humilis, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 535; Wight's
Icon 035 ; Miq. FL Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 299 ; Miq. in Ann. Mns. Lug-d.
Bat. iii. 271, 291.—i. minom, Miq. Lond. Joiu;n. Bot. vii. 232; Miq.
Ann. Mus. Liigd. Bat. iii'. 291.—F. incoiutans, Miq. Lond. Journ. Bot.
vii. 23^, 330.—Il hifflondata, Bl. Bijd. 475.—-f hi:.!Ìanduhsa, Miq FL Ind.
• Bat. i. pt. 2. 298; Suppl. 173, 426 —1'. anastomosan-i, Wall. Cat. 45:3;
Km-Z For. Fl. Bm-m. ii. 455. -1' . rspin.i, Herb. MacU-as, Wall. Cut. 4546.—
F. montana, Burm. Fl. Ind. 226 probably, but Bm-mann's description is very
meagre.— montana, Burm? Bl. Bijd. 171.
A small shrub, very often creeping and rooting in the ground ; the young parts more or Ie.ss
shortly hispid. Leaves shortly petiolate, thickly membranous, varying in shape from lanceolateovate
or elliptic to obovate-elliptic ; coarsely erenate-serrate, especially in the upper lialf,
sometimes more or less ii-rcgularly lobed ; apex more or less acuminate or shortly cuspidate ; base
more or loss acute or enneate, rarely rounded, 3- to 5-nerved ; lateral primary nerves f rom 5 to 7
pairs, at right angles to the micMb, prominent on both sm-faces ; under surface scabrid, with a few
short stilt hans especiaUy on the nerves; upper sm-face sub-scabrid, or smooth and shining; the
midrib and nerves shortly and deeiduously hispid ; length of blade 2 to 5 in. ; petioles -4 to 1 in.,
hirsute ; stipules 2 from each leaf, lanceolate, -25 in. long Receptacles shortly pedunculate,
usually axillary, sometimes in pairs, rarely from the branches below the leaves ; ovoid or
sub-globose ; scabrid-liispid, prominently umbonate when young ; when matm-e globular, rather
flattened at the apex, crimson ; from -25 to 4 in. across ; basal bracts none ; peduncles -25 to -4
in. long, with 1 to 2 scattered linear bracts above theii- bases. Male flowers with 1 stamen ; the
anther broadly ovate ; the perianth of about 2 pieces, sometimes absent. Gall flowers witli
perianth like the males ; the ovary ovoid-globose, smooth ; style short, lateral. Fertile female
flowers with minute 3-leaved hyaline perianth ; the achene broadly ovoid, ndnutely tuberculate ;
style long ; stigma oylindiic. The perianth of all the flowers is very ii-regalar and imperfeet.
Widely distributed in Burmah and the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago up to 2,500 ft. ;
growing in crevices of rocks and on the gTound.
Rather a variable species, allied to liotaro'phylla. Linn, fih, from which it is best distinguished
by its smaller, pisiform, never pjTiform, receptacles. I have seen types of most of
the species which I have reduced here. Of F. montana, Bm-m., I have seen no authentic
specimen, and I presume none exists ; but I have seen what Blume considered to be
Bm-mann's plant. From Burmami's description it is impossible to determine exactly what
he meant. I have therefore taken Roxbm-gh's name qusrcifolia for the species, as his